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NASA Update: SSFL Groundwater Investigation and Areas of Impacted Groundwater (AIGs)
Meeting Information Date: Thursday, January 15, 2015 Time: 9:00 - 11:30 AM Location: DTSC Regional Office, Chatsworth Agenda 9:00 AM - 9:05 AM Introduction and Ground Rules Paul Carpenter. DTSC 9:05 AM - 9:20 AM 2015 NASA Milestones and Schedule Peter Zorba, NASA 9:20 AM - 11:00 AM
NASA AIG Program Presentation (Technical questions between sections)
SSFL Background and Site History
Technical Focus Areas
Downhole Logging and Testing
Aquifer Testing Passive Soil Gas Sampling
AIG Work Plans
Jason Glasgow, CH2MHill
Peter Lawson, CH2MHill
Mike Singer, CH2MHill
Peter Lawson, CH2MHill
Jim Hartley, CH2MHill
Peter Lawson, CH2MHill
11:00 AM - 11:30 AM
Floor Open for Questions
11:30 AM
Meeting Adjourns
_______________________________________________________________________________ NASA Area of Impacted Groundwater (AIG) Work Plans are posted at the DTSC SSFL website at:
www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Santa_Susana_Field_Lab/
under: Document Library / RCRA Facility Investigation – Groundwater / Work Plans Send written or verbal comments or questions on the NASA (AIG) work plans by April 1, 2015 to:
Paul Carpenter, Sr. Engineering Geologist Department of Toxic Substances Control 8800 Cal Center Drive Sacramento CA 95826 email: [email protected] phone: (916) 255-3691
Santa Susana Field Laboratory Acronym Field Guide DTSC/NASA Meeting January 15, 2015 AIG Area of Impacted Groundwater ASTs Above‐ground Storage Tank(s) AOC Administrative Order on Consent AP Ash Pile BE Bedrock Vapor Extraction CMS Corrective Measures Study cy Cubic Yards DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle FSP Field Sampling Plan GIS Geographic Information System ISRA Interim Soil Removal Action JP‐4 Jet Propellant‐4 [kerosene‐gasoline mix] LOX Plant Liquid Oxygen Plant LUT Lookup Table NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NFA No Further Action NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PLF Propellant Loading Facility PRA Preliminary Remediation Area PSA Potential Source Area [for groundwater contamination] R2 Pond(s) Derivation Uncertain. Possibly “reservoir” or “retention” pond RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RD Well name prefix RJ‐1 Ramjet‐1 (a fuel) RP‐1 Rocket Propellant‐1 [standard kerosene rocket fuel] SPA Storable Propellant Area STP Sewage Treatment Plant SVOCs Semi‐volatile Organic Compounds TCA 1,1,1‐TCA: 1,1,1‐Trichloroethane TCE Trichlorethlene TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons USEFF Universal Space Engine Flow Facility UT or UST Underground tank/Underground storage tank UST SW Underground Storage Tank, Southwest UV Ultraviolet VCEHD Ventura County Environmental Health Division VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds SWMU Solid Waste Management Unit WS‐SP Water Supply‐Swimming Pool Test Stands on federal property: Alfa, Bravo, Coco and Delta (all Delta stands have been demolished)
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January 15, 2014
Dial In:1-844-467-6272 Pass Code: 670462#
Paul Carpenter/DTSC
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Introduction (DTSC)
NASA 2015 Milestones and Schedule (NASA)
NASA Area of Impacted Groundwater Investigation Technical Presentation (NASA)
Open Floor Questions
Please: Silence all mobile phones, tablets and electronics. Limit cross conversation during the meeting. Treat other people with the same level of respect
you expect from others. Photography, sound and video recording may occur
during this meeting. If you do not wish to be filmed or photographed, please inform the photographer/videographer directly.
Hold all questions until the designated question and answer periods and the open session at the end of the presentations.
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NASA Activities Regulated By DTSC Under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action Process
• Soils through the 2010 DTSC-NASA Administrative Order on Consent (AOC)
• Groundwater through the 2007 Consent Order for Corrective Action
INVESTIGATION REMEDY SELECTION CLEANUP
Pete Zorba/NASA
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Areas of Impacted Groundwater (AIGs) Characterization Work Plan◦ Characterization Plans to complete NASA’s
groundwater investigation◦ Focus on subgroups in NASA AIGs◦ Collaborative development process◦ Aggressive schedule
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Jason Glasgow/CH2MHILL
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PSA 1 –Northwest portion of former LOX Plant
PSA 2 – Near the cold box on LOX manufacturing line 3.
Note: Square indicates soil or soil vapor sample collected for VOC analyses. Red and yellow squares indicate potential source of VOCs
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The LOX Plant was constructed in 1955 and operated through 1971.
Four – 75 ton/day LOX Generators
LOX Storage and Distribution
LOX Plant Equipment Cleaning
◦ “LOX Clean” is a standard for tanks and pipelines allowed virtually no oils or grease to be present on the metal
◦ TCE (and/or potentially Freon) was used to clean tanks and pipelines
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PSA 1 – B203 PSA 2 – Ash
Pile / STP PSA 3 – B205 PSA 4 – B204 PSA 5 – B206
Note: Square indicates soil or soil vapor sample collected for VOC analyses. Red and yellow squares indicate potential source of VOCs
Instrument Laboratory, and Lasers Lab Facility used by LEOS including an equipment cleaning area
Service Building including tinning, degreasing, sand blasting, and welding
Former oil storage area
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The incinerator (Building 2758) and incinerator platform (Building 2758A) were operational from the mid-1950s through the 1970s.
The incinerator was demolished in 2006.
Used for burning nonhazardous wastes such as paper, photographs, and trash.
◦ The ash pile was approximately 35 feet long, 15 feet wide, and 2 feet high.
◦ The ash pile and underlying soil were removed in 1993.
◦ Ash Pile Debris Area has ash and debris from incinerator operations Metal buckets and piping Asphalt
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◦ The Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) was operational from 1961 to 1987 and is now inactive. Received cooling water and sewage from ELV area and
Alfa/Bravo Test Areas. The treatment system is below grade and concrete-lined. The sludge was stored in the former septic tanks and taken
offsite for disposal. The treated water was pumped to a drainage ditch that
flows to the Silvernale Reservoir.
B205 – Former paint shop B204 – Maintenance building◦ Vehicle repair◦ Machine shop◦ Painting operations
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ELV Final Assembly Building 206◦ Test bays◦ Sumps◦ Drum storage
area◦ Catchment pond◦ Painting◦ Metal plating
Machine and welding shop
Component Testing
PSA 1 and 2 – SPA PSA 3 – Alfa PSA 4 – Bravo PSA 5 – WS09 – former GW treatment and pre-test
building PSA – 6 - ABFF
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Oxidizer Storage on east side
Fuel storage on west side
Drum washing rack Impoundments 1
and 2SPA Impoundment No. 1
Drum Washing Area Location of SPA Impoundment
No. 2
Engines tested include:◦ Atlas◦ Thor◦ Navaho◦ Jupiter◦ Delta (RS-27
and RS-27A)
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Alfa Test Stands◦ Three test stands
(B2727, B2728, B2729) Electrical control shacks Fuel filters and run
tanks Fuel dump lines TCE storage, sinks, and
capture system Hydraulic system Lubrication system
(grease)
Alfa ditch received discharges◦ Deluge Water◦ TCE◦ Fuels
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Alfa skim pond -> Alfa/Bravo skim pond-> Silvernale -> R-2 Pond
Engines tested include:◦ Atlas◦ Vernier
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Bravo Test Stands◦ Three test stands
(B2730, B2731, B2732) Electrical control
shacks Fuel filters and run
tanks Fuel dump lines TCE storage, sinks,
and capture system Hydraulic system Lubrication system
(grease)
Bravo skim pond -> Alfa/Bravo skim pond-> Silvernale -> R-2 Pond
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Pretest shop◦ Used to prepare
engines and test stands for testing operations◦ Tool crib – housed
tools needed Machine shop
area GW air stripping system for WS09
1.6 acres in size and was built in 1955
Five aboveground storage tanks (ASTs)◦ 33,000 gallon tanks (2)◦ 10,000 gallon tanks (3)◦ Above and below ground
pipelines to Alfa and Bravo Test Stands
◦ Pumps◦ Secondary containment
system with a storm water overflow basin
The tanks contained Rocket Propellant (RP)-1 and Ram Jet (RJ)-1 (both highly refined kerosene)
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PSA 1– Coca PSA 2 – R2 Ponds PSA 3 – Delta PSA 4 – Delta
Pre-test Building
Engines tested include:◦ Atlas◦ Navajo◦ J-2 (Jupiter)◦ Saturn◦ Space Shuttle
Main Engine
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Coca Test Stands◦ Four test stands
(B2733, B2734, B2735, B2787) Electrical control
shacks Fuel filters and run
tanks Fuel dump lines TCE storage, sinks,
and capture system Hydraulic system Lubrication system
(grease)
Coca ditch received discharges◦ Deluge Water◦ TCE◦ Fuels
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The R-2 Ponds have been active since 1958.
Collection point for drainages associated with Areas II and III, and portions of Area IV.
Engines tested include:◦ J-2 (Jupiter)◦ X-1◦ E-1◦ X-4◦ Linear Aerospike◦ Lance◦ Atlas
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Delta Test Stands◦ Three test stands
(B2736, B2737, B2738) Electrical control
shacks Fuel filters and run
tanks Fuel dump lines TCE storage, sinks,
and capture system
Hydraulic system Lubrication system
(grease)
Delta pond received discharges◦ Deluge Water◦ TCE◦ Fuels
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Pretest Shop was used to prepare engines and test stands for testing operations, and modify parts of the test stands for various test and engine configurations
Peter Lawson/CH2MHILL
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Structural Geology – Mike Singer Aquifer Testing – Peter Lawson Passive Soil Gas – Jim Hartley
Evaluate existing data for each AIG Develop conceptual site models for:◦ Structural geology◦ Hydrogeology◦ Contaminant transport
Identify remaining data gaps for site characterization
Propose field activities to fill data gaps
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Mike Singer/CH2M HILL
Bedrock at SSFL is dipping, faulted, and highly-fractured
Most groundwater flow occurs in discrete fractures and faults in bedrock
These can be difficult to identify and characterize
Downhole data will be used to better understand groundwater flow and help make decisions about long-term strategies
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Acoustic & optical televiewer Caliper Conductivity, specific conductivity, and resistivity
Temperature Natural gamma ray and gamma ray
Spontaneous potential Packer testing◦ Ultimately leads to well designs at most locations
Identifies groundwater flow zones in subsurface
Also shows vertical flow direction inside the borehole – useful for understanding hydraulic relationships in the system
Data from flow meter testing used to select packer testing intervals (select intervals with active groundwater flow)
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Source: https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/flowmeter/
Corehole-Dynamic Flow Meter uses measures electric current induced by flowing water to estimate vertical flow in borehole
CDFM can measure flows from 0.02 – 10 gallons/minute
Sample flowmeter data from borehole in fractured-rock aquifer.
Arrows indicate interpreted direction of flow, as fluid moves from zones of higher head to lower head.
Provides complete image of borehole wall
Fractures and different strata can be identified
Both acoustic and optical (shown here) surveys being employed at SSFL
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Example from LOX Shows bedding-
plane fracture
Fracture parallel to bedding plan
at LOX
NS
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Gives reliable estimate of hydraulic conditions for specified intervals
Provides information on extent and connectivity of fracturing at the corehole
Also provides a way to collect reliable depth-discrete groundwater samples
Schematic diagram showing a typical modern straddle packer installed in a well
Provides estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K) of test interval
Also allows groundwater samples to be collected from specified depths
Source: Stewart, 2000
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Confirm previous mapping
Locations of shale, faults, deformation bands
Results will be combined with subsurface geophysical data to revise conceptual model
How groundwater flows
Connectivity of fracture systems
Impact of faults on contaminant transport
Help identify groundwater remediation strategies
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Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
Aquifer injection testing is a methodology used to quantify the hydraulic properties of the subsurface
At SSFL, the major focus of aquifer testing is to determine the properties of the fault systems at the site
Faults can act both as barriers and pathways for groundwater flow
The properties of a particular fault can have a large impact on contaminant migration
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Injection testing consists of injecting clean water into a corehole and measuring the rise in groundwater levels in surrounding wells
Sensitive measuring devices in nearby monitoring wells can detect small changes in water levels over time
The amount, timing, and distribution of the water level changes provides information to estimate the properties of the nearby faults and the surrounding aquifer system
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Coca/Delta AIG
Jim Hartley/CH2M HILL
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A sensitive, rapid contaminant location screening method
We use it to find where contaminants are, and where they’re not
We use it to confirm the best spot for more expensive bedrock wells
Diffusion is key: ultra-trace levels of volatile chemicals can be distributed for hundreds or thousands of feet around a concentrated zone
The surface distribution of these chemicals reflects the strength of their origin at depth
Though the chemicals are only present at ultra-trace levels, we can collect samples by using ultra-clean, laboratory-grade sorbent gels
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A single multi-point survey can cover a wide area for a fraction of the cost of a single well
Detection limits found to be 1000x more sensitive than conventional methods
Probes are placed in the ground for two weeks, and then analyzed
Results of adjacent probes are combined statistically to create a map
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Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
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LOX Plant
B204 / ELV
Coca / Delta
Alfa / Bravo
2015 2016 2017
Groundwater RFI Report
CMS Report
Janu
ary
2015
2014
Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
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The primary data gap at LOX is to better understand the mass of contamination above the water table
The following approach was developed to fill that data gap:◦ Passive soil vapor sampling used to map the initial
distribution of contamination◦ Vapor extraction then performed to remove a
portion of that mass◦ Subsequent soil vapor sampling performed to
measure differences from pre-pumping levels◦ The remaining mass in the soil profile estimated
Understanding the mass of contamination in the soil profile is important as it helps determine whether a threat to groundwater quality exists
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BSL = Below Groundwater Screening Level
?
?
?
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Potential Aquifer Testing Location
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Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
The main focus at B204/ELV is to achieve delineation of multiple source areas and to determine the nature of the North Fault Zone
The North Fault Zone may act as a barrier or a conduit to groundwater and contaminant flow
Plumes will be further delineated by drilling additional monitoring wells
The fault properties will be estimated by conducting aquifer testing at several locations
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Passive Soil Gas Sampler Array
Potential Aquifer Testing Location
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Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
The main focus is to better understand the nature of the flow systems and contaminant movement north and south of the Shale 2 member
North of Shale 2 the shallow and deep groundwater systems are fully connected
South of Shale 2 the shallow groundwater is perched 150 ft above the deeper groundwater
These differences affect the potential for contaminant movement at the site
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Will Deepen Existing Corehole
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Potential Aquifer Testing Location
Peter Lawson/CH2M HILL
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Potential off-site migration of contamination is a concern at this site due to the proximity to the southern SSFL boundary
Potential migration pathways are different in the shallow and deep groundwater systems –additional wells proposed to better define these pathways
The Burro Flats Fault appears to act as a barrier to off-site contaminant migration
Data collection proposed to better define fault properties
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Coca/Delta Passive Soil Gas Surveys
Transect 4
Delta Test Stand Support Area
Coca SkimPond
Draft results; coordinate confirmation pending
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Potential Aquifer Testing Location
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Website: www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Santa_Susana_Field_Lab
Send written or verbal comments on the NASA AIG Work Plans by April 1, 2015 to:
Paul Carpenter, Sr. Engineering GeologistDepartment of Toxic Substances Control8800 Cal Center DriveSacramento, California 95826
Email: [email protected]: (916) 255-3691