Chapter 20Section 4

Key Terms

Czar Alexander I Hundred Days Duke of Wellington Prince Klemens von Metternich Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Indemnity Reactionary

The Russian Campaign

Czar Alexander I- Russian leader

Concerned that Napoleon stationed troops at his border

Worried about imports for his country

Napoleon moved his troops into Russia

The Russian Campaign

• 600,000 soldiers invade

• Most soldiers were new recruits

• Supplies were lost or spoiled

• July heat tough on men and horses

• Disease, desertion, hunger thinned the ranks

The Russian Campaign

Napoleon wanted a quick victory

Russian troops withdrew

Peasants moved and set their fields on fire

August French troops moving to Moscow

French won a battle

The Russian Campaign

Russian army 90000 strong retreated

French army in Moscow in September

City deserted and in flames

Napoleon could not support his troops

Left Moscow in October

The Russian Campaign

• Russians forced the French to retreat as they entered

• Russian peasants attacked isolated French soldiers

• Harsh Russian winter kills thousands

• 94,000 out 600,000 return to France

Defeat and Exile to Elba

Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain become allies

October 1813 met with Napoleon

Napoleon defeated Allies enter Paris in

triumph

Defeat and Exile to Elba

Napoleon has to give up the throne

Keeps title of emperor

Sent to island of Elba

Off the coast of Italy with 400 guards

The Last Campaigns

Allies restore French monarchy

Louis XVII takes the throne

Return France to 1792 borders

King became unpopular

French feared a return to the old ways

The Hundred Days

• After a year in exile Napoleon escapes

• Louis XVII flees to Belgium

• French had despised Napoleon

• Thousands of citizens were excited

• Troops sent to arrest Napoleon pledged their loyalty

The Hundred Days

March 20 Napoleon arrives in Paris

People cheered Hundred days

begins Hundred days-

brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon

Battle of Waterloo

• Napoleon’s enemies gathered for another battle

• Duke of Wellington –British commander

• June 18, 1815 armies met at Waterloo

• Prussia and Britain combine forces

• Push the French off the battlefield

Battle of Waterloo

French and British suffer huge loses

Casualties total 50,000 men

Waterloo crushing defeat for Napoleon

End of the Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon’s Final Days

Tried to escape to America

Exiled to Saint Helena, 1200 miles from mainland

Napoleon did not escape

Died 6 years later at 51

The Congress of Vienna

Purpose was to create a stable Europe

Diplomats redrew map-of-Europe

700 diplomats attend

Only a few were crucial to negotiations

The Congress of Vienna

Lord Castlereagh, Czar Alexander I, King Frederick William III, Prince Klemens von Metternich, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

Meeternich had a strong distaste for democracy

• Wanted to restore the old balance of power

• Restore old monarchies, compensate allies

• Wanted to make sure France would never rise again

• Congress wanted to put down revolution where ever it occurred

Redrawing the Map

• Congress of Vienna changed many borders

• Strengthened nations around France

• 38 German states for the German Coalition

• Britain gains oversea territories

• France lost all its conquered territory

• Indemnity- France had to pay back damages to other countries

Restoring Monarchies

Restored some monarchies Napoleon had eliminated

Old Bourbon family returned to Spain and Sicily

Monarchies restored in Portugal and Sardinia

Metternich’s Influence

Reactionary-ideals not only oppose progress but want things to return to the old ways

Metternich was a reactionary

Believed in absolute monarchy

Despised constitutions, voting rights, freedom of religion

Metternich’s Influence

Austria, Germany, Italy, suppressed liberal ideas with secret police

Newspapers were not allowed to publish opposing views

Revolution’s Legacy

After Congress of Vienna monarchs ruled much of Europe

Citizens rights were again restricted

French Revolution changed many things

Nobles and monarchs were not secure in their positions

Revolution’s Legacy

Enlightenment ideas would not go away

Common people knew they could make changes

People no longer assumed nothing can change

Revolution lasted 10 years

Revolutions Legacy

Inspired people for 200 years

Survived worst horrors of French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

Massive revolutions occurred in France and Rumania

Inspired Latin America to overthrow colonial rule