Napoleonic Europe 1799-1815

1. This map shows:

2. What lands did Napoleon gain by 1812?

3. Name two allies of Napoleon.

Napoleon’s Empire

• 1799- France at war Napoleon sees need for peace.

• 1802- peace treaty with continental Europe not Britain

• 1807-1812- “master of Europe”– French Empire– Dependent states– Allied states– (see map)

Spreading Principles

• Within the empire- legal equality, religious toleration, and economic freedom

• Destroy old order• Clergy and nobility lost special privileges

Europe Responds

• Great Britain- great sea power, island country• Napoleon attacks at Trafalgar but Britain wins– He institutes Continental System- all Europe

agrees to blockade goods to Britain and British goods to Europe

– European countries don’t agree and “cheat” on Napoleon

• Nationalism• Made it possible for the French spirit and

mass armies in support of Napoleon• But also made them hated by controlled

countries who generated own nationalism

Fall of Napoleon

• Attacks Russia– Russians drop out of Continental System– Retreat, destroy, burn own country– French follow– By October attack at Moscow but city gone.– Retreat to France but disaster– 40,000 of 600,00 + return

• European states see chance• Rise up and capture defeated French army• Capture Paris 1814• Exile Napoleon to Elba• Louis XVIII restored as monarch

Final Defeat

• New king had little support• Napoleon with supporters comes back to

France• Army sided with him and captures Paris 1815• Europe pledges to rid world of Napoleon• “Disturber of the Tranquility of the World”

• Waterloo • June 1815• British and Prussian forces led by Duke of

Wellington against Napoleon and French army• Defeat Napoleon and exile him to St. Helena• (island in Atlantic)