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Napoleon Seizes Power Early Life• Napoleon Bonaparte—born (1769) in
Corsica, @ 9 years oldattends military school,
• When the revolution breaks out, joins army of the new government
Hero of the Hour• In 1795, Napoleon defeats French
royalist rebels attacking National Convention
• Seen as savior of the French Republic• Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy,
gaining popularity• News of his defeats in Egypt is
suppressedCoup d’État• In November 1799, he carries out coup
d’état—seizure of power • Assumed dictatorial powers & ends the
French Republic• Napoleon defeats British, Russians,
Austrians who join forces against him
Napoleon Rules France w/ the ideas from the Republic
Vote of Approval• New constitution is approved through
plebiscite—vote of the people• Takes power as First ConsultRestoring Order at Home1) Efficient tax collection (fair and orderly) 2) Kicks out dishonest government workers3) To fix economy, he sets up national banking
system4) Establishes lycées— (for ordinary citizens)
government-run public schools to train officials
5) Signs concordat—agreement—with pope restoring Catholicism in France
6) Creates Napoleonic Code—uniform system of laws
- Gave all French citizens the same rights- Yet, took away some rights gained by the
revolution & republic( e.g. Limited free speech and restored slavery in the colonies
Coronation of Napoleon & JosephineNapoleon Crowned as Emperor
In December 1804, Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France
Crowned Emperor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBqaf8orsP0&feature=related
Napoleon Creates an EmpireLoss of American Territories• In 1801, Napoleon attempts to
retake colony of Saint Domingue (Haiti) but fails
• Gives up on the Americas and concentrates on Europe
• Sells the Louisiana Territory to United States for $15 million in 1803 (largest part of France’s North American lands)
Conquering Europe• Napoleon tries to take control of all
of Europe• Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden
join forces against Napoleon• Napoleon crushes enemy forces in
several brilliant battles• Napoleon forces Austria, Russia,
Sweden to sign peace treaties
continued Napoleon Creates an Empire
The Battle of Trafalgar• In 1805, British win Battle of
Trafalgar—ensures British naval superiority
• This defeat forces Napoleon to give up plan of invading and conquering Britain
• Looks for another way to control Britain
The French Empire• Napoleon controls Europe
except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans
• Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others
• French Empire reaches largest extent from 1807 to 1812