Nanotechnology: The Engineer’s Frontier - ewh.ieee.orgewh.ieee.org/soc/cpmt/presentations/cpmt0410l.pdf · Early Adapters Next 13.5% ... This means science and engineering ... Technology

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“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.

Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano

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Dr. Anthony F. [email protected]

310. 524-4145October 2004

Nanotechnology:The Engineer’s Frontier



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Crossing the Delaware on 22 December 2002

The VisionIEEE Los Angeles Council 14 December 2002 Meeting

NANOWorld

21-23 September 2004

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Acceptance of Ideas for ApplicationInnovators First 2.5%

Early Adapters Next 13.5%

Early Majority Next 34%

Late Majority Next 34%

Laggards Remaining 16%



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You may ask me, “What is Nanotechnology?”

My answer is this.

“Nanotechnology is the collaboration of chemistry, biology,

physics, computer, and material sciences integrated with

Engineering, Application and Education entering the

Universe of Nanoscale. This means science and engineering

focused on creating materials, devices, and systems at the

atomic and molecular level.”

Dialogues for The Cookie Jar by Dr. Anthony F. Laviano

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Electronics, January 22,1960 Button like Amplifier

Now and BeyondPalm Airplane

Then

Now

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U.S. Funding Trends



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BAE

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Also….Universities and IEEE



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Nanotechnology

Senate Bill 2515 dated 27 June 2002Established Nanotechnology

in DOD Organization

House Bill 766 dated 7 May 2003Nanotechnology Research and Development Act

Approved by CongressSigned by President

NSF2004

Funded

Education

WorkforceFor

21st Century

S. 189 Dec 2003$3.7B

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1996 – 2002 Nano-Patents“Nano” in the patent: 2812

“Quantum” in a claim: 1469

“Nano” in a claim: 195

“Nanotechnology” in the patent: 148

“Nanoparticle” in the claim: 90

“Nanotube” in a claim: 60

‘Nanowire” in a claim: 7…and growing!



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Generic Technology Readiness Levels

TR1

TR2

TR4

TR9

TR6

TR5

TR3

TR7

TR8

Basic Principles Observed & Reported

Technology Concept and/or Application Formulated

Component and/or Bread Validation in Laboratory Environment

Analytical & Experimental Critical Function (Proof of Design)

Component and/or Breadboard Validation in Relevant Environment

Systems/Subsystem Model or Prototype Demo, in Relevant Environment

System Prototype Demonstration in a Flight Environment

Actual System Completed & Flight Qualified Through Test & Demonstration

Actual System Flight Proven Through Successful Mission Operations

BasicResearch

Prove Feasibility

TechnologyDevelopment

TechnologyDemonstration

Flight Tests &Operations

S.A.G.

Aerospace

LifeSciences

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NanotechnologyNano-biosensors

Nanowires and nanotubes interact with the biochemical world for DNA, protein characterization and sensing

GHz frequency nano-electronics and NEMSUnderstanding the ultimate speed limits of molecular electronics and single-electron-transistor devices

Nano-electromechanical devices

Nanotube and Nanowire growthChemical vapor deposition for devices beyond the lithographic limit

Development of thin-film based catalyst technologies

Towards THz electronic devicesDeep-submicron HEMT devices

Quantum transport in the ballistic regime



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Electronics at the Molecular ScaleSynthesis of Novel Nanomaterials

We can now synthesize and characterize a wide range of nanowire and nanotube materials, allowing investigation of electronics at the scale of individual molecules.

Development and Testing of NanoelectronicsNanoscale circuits can be 100x smaller than state-of-the art electronics and can operate with single electrons or from quantum physics principles. To take advantage of these circuits, however, further research is required to learn how they truly operate.

Nanocircuit Devices for Chemical SensorsNanowire electronics are exquisitely sensitive to tiny changes, such as when a molecule from the air lands on the device. This research is leading towards new types of detectors able to sense ultralow concentrations of harmful chemicals.

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Atomic & Molecular Basis of NanotechnologyAtom by Atom Assembly of 1-D Metal Wire

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to move single atoms and to assemble them into 1-D chains, thus revealing the formation of band structure.

Chemical Sensors – single molecule on 1-D metal chainThe adsorption of a single CO molecule on a 1-D Au chain causes dramatic changes in the electronic structure which determines electrical conductivity.

Molecular Electronics – single molecule bridgeIndividual atoms are moved to form two atomic chains separated by a gap. A molecule is manipulated to bridge this gap, connecting the molecule to two leads.

Nanomagnetism – novel magnetic nanostructuresMagnetic atoms are assembled into novel nanostructures and molecules containing a magnetic atom are connected to two magnetic leads.

I

Tip

Vacuum

Surface

V



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Nanowires in Analytical ChemistryNanowire Synthesis by Electrodeposition

Why does the attachment of molecules to the surface of metal nanowires modify their conductivity?

BioSensorsBy anchoring virus particles to metal nanowires, highly selective biosensors can be prepared.

Gas SensorsMetal nanowire arrays that rapidly and selectively detect gases including hydrogen and ammonia have been developed.

Effects of adsorbed molecule layers on Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires.

A new method for preparing arrays of size-similar metal and semiconductor nanowires has been developed.

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Bucky Ball

Fullerenes

Nanotubes



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SYNTHESISSimple & Modular

ThePossibilities

Molecular SwitchesMolecular Electronics

MECHANISMElectromechanical

withMetastability

SWITCHINGRedox-Controllable

SWITCHINGBistable & Hysteretic

MOLECULESFunctionalized

forSelf-Assembly

MOLECULESAmphiphilic

for Self-Organization

MOLECULESRobust

DEVICESMolecular DependentSwitching Signatures

DEVICESGood Interfacial Interactions

Between Molecules and Electrodes

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Although it measures only 2 s 1.5 cm, up to 24 functions can be fit on an eight-channel chip. Besides saving space, the chip can decrease costs by using semiconductor batch fabrication techniques for its manufacture.

Developing better, faster and cheaper laser-based products is the incentive behind increased MOEMS development. There is no clear benefit to low-volume production of the devices. Companies want to move away from the high-cost precision manufacturing componentsused in huge, room-size printers and photocopiers to MOEMS, which could reduce the size

and cost of its machines while also enhancing image

MOEMS



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This photograph is a close-up of a computer chip approximately one square centimeter in area. In integrated circuits, a process called photolithography is used to introduce a precise pattern of conduction lines (wires).

Integrated Circuit

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Nano IC Roadmap



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Competitive Cost Through EngineeringDesign

Influences 70% of Initial Product Cost

Graph - Courtesy ofMunro and Associates

%

10 0

90

8 0

70

6 0

50

40

30

20

1 0

D E SIGN5%

M AT E R IA L50%

LABO R15%

MANUFACTURING30%

5% %520%

70%

TRADITIONAL COST

ACCOUNTING

ACTUALINFLUENCEON TOTAL

COST

Supply Chain ManagementBuy and Apply



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Performance,Functionality,Reliability, etc

Today

and Today

Size

Design

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Time Line for Evolution of Life on Earth

15 bi

llion –

Univers

e beg

ins (B

ig Ban

g)

1 bill

ion –

Simple

plan

ts for

m (alga

e)

5 bill

ion –

Form

ation

of Su

n and

Solar

Syste

m

2 bill

ion –

O 2atm

osph

ere fo

rms b

y pho

tosyn

thesis

2.5 bi

llion –

Contin

ents

form

4.5 bi

llion –

Life be

gins i

n oce

ans o

n Eart

h55

0 mill

ion –

Diverse

anim

al sp

ecies

form

(Cam

brian

explo

sion)

65 m

illion

–K/T

mas

s exti

nctio

n eve

nt (D

inosau

rs be

come e

xtinc

t)

2 mill

ion –

First

appe

aranc

e of H

omo h

abilu

s (fir

st hu

mans)

400,0

00 –

First

appe

aranc

e of H

omo s

apien

s

Years Before Present Today15 billionyears ago

475 m

illion

–Fir

st lan

d plan

ts

350 m

illion

–Fir

st lan

d vert

ebrat

es

Nano E

ngine

er“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.


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Shunt RegulatorShunt Regulator

Series RegulatorSeries RegulatorHeater SchematicHeater Schematic

Buck ConverterBuck Converter

Electronics Today…



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Molecular Sensors

Nanocrystals (n,0)

(n,n)

Photonics

Nanoparticles• 1. Surface Pre-organisation

• 2. Plasmon sensing “antenna”

• 3. Optoelectronic assemblies

• 4. Potentially mobile “reporters” S

HO2C

S

HO2C

S

HO2C

HS

HS

HS

SH

HS

SHSH

S

CO2H

S

CO2H

S

HO2C

∆λ = m ∆є -dependence on EM field strength

Electronics Today…

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…and Today

On the Head of a Pin



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April, 2005Santa Clara, California USA

www.wescon.com/nanoworld

Concluding Remark

Mission: Education

Goal: Application

Objective: USE

NANOWorldSM

“… Application and Use is the essence of Technology. This means, Nanotechnology is the Engineer’s Frontier, a place to build an Industry”.

www.nanoworldusa.com

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From all of us in the NANOWorld…

Thank You!

Documents

Nanotechnology: The Engineer’s Frontier - ewh.ieee.orgewh.ieee.org/soc/cpmt/presentations/cpmt0410l.pdf · Early Adapters Next 13.5% ... This means science and engineering ... Technology