Nanotechnology Solutions for Energy

- Innovation and Sustainable Development with nanotechnology -

Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Solutions for EnergySolutions for Energy

-- Innovation and Sustainable Innovation and Sustainable Development with nanotechnology Development with nanotechnology --

Professor Rüdiger Iden

Polymer Research

BASF Aktiengesellschaft

Professor Rüdiger Iden

Polymer Research

BASF Aktiengesellschaft

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Definition Nanotechnology

We define nanoscience as the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale

and nanotechnologies as the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.

– [i] Nanoscience and nanotechnologies | July 2004; A Report by |The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering

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Change of Propertiesat the Nanometer Scale

Chemical reactivity is higher

Electronic properties depend on the exact size

Optical properties are changing (absorption, scattering)

Mechanical properties (hardness)

Transport properties (heat, current)

Bioavailability

...

Next to quantum effects surface properties are playing a major roledue to the increased surface-volume ratio at the nanometer scale

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Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years

1. ENERGY

2. WATER

3. FOOD

4. ENVIRONMENT

5. POVERTY

6. TERRORISM & WAR

7. DISEASE

8. EDUCATION

9. DEMOCRACY

10. POPULATION2003 6.5 Billion People2050 8-10 Billion People

Source: Prof. R.E. Smalley, „Our Enery Challange“, Colombia University, NYC, 23 September 2003

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Shortage of fossil fuelsIncrease of energy costs Import dependenceClimate change

The energy challengeSustainable Development with nanotechnology

Nanotechnology leads to sustainable developments

in new materials

Energy sources Energy storageEnergy conversion Energy conservation

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Nanotechnology in chemical productsfor conserving fossil resourcessustainable solutions

Household Transportation Home

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Nano-Research for energy systems

NanocubesHydrogen storage

NanostructureInsulation material

NanoparticleFuel additive

Novel catalyst technology for diesel fuels based on nanoparticlesImprovement in fuel economy and

reduction in particulate emissions

MOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasing the amountof stored gas per system volume

NanoparticleLithium-Ion-Battery Nanoparticle

Solarcells

> Dye Solarcells

> Organic solarcells

New design, new processes, eco-friendly, low productioncosts, not commercially available

Nanomaterials based separator for safety

Ultra high capacity with tailor made nanomaterialelectrodes

Decrease pore size of polymerfoams to around 100 nm

Use a process which is cost efficient and environmentally friendly

Cerium dioxidenanoparticle

coated 8 - 25 nm

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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions

NanostructureProblem

Architectural paints have insufficient dirt pick-up resistance and are formulated using organic solvents to achieve curing at ambient temperature

SolutionUsing nanocomposites(polymer and 10-20 nm silica particles) as paint binder

100 nm100 nm

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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions

Advantages

cominbation of high hardness and low film formation temperature

solvent-free formulations are possible

high water vapour permeability

high solvent resistance

high adhesion to mineral substrates

low dirt pick-up

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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions

AND

No energy wasted for cleaning

Longer Durability, less repainting

Less Energy needed for production

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Energy storageNanocubes

ProblemNeed for low cost and low weight storage system

For hydrogen to be appliedin mobile FC applicationsor for gaseous energy carriers

SolutionMOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasingthe amount of stored gas per system volume

NanostructureNanostructure

20 20 µµmm

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Novel Materials –Metal-organic frameworks MOF

Superior performance in gas processing and gas storage

´́

MOF-materials (BASOCUBE™ ) allow triple amount higher gas uptake per volume and 100-times faster gas uptake

Gas-Uptake[gGas / Lsystem ]

Pressure [bar]

++ == ++ ++

BASOCUBE™

State-of-art

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Nanotechnology and EnergyWhy nanofoams?

Thermal conductivity: λtotal = λmatrix + λgas + λradiation

λtotal : EPS = 37 mW/m*K

λmatrix : EPS = 1.8 mW/m*K

λgas : EPS = 25.4 mW/m*K

λradiation : EPS = 9.8 mW/m*K

Typical commercial polymer foam

Target: Minimation of LAMBDA in nanoporous foams

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Thermal Insulation –Our Vision for Nanofoams

ΔT

„Bulk“ Diffusion Gas-Gas Collisions

„Knudsen Diffusion”Gas-Wall Collisions

ΔT

State-of-the-art The vision

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The Smart Energy Home Concept

Energy / ResourcesEnergy / Resources

• Thermal insulation

• Fuel cells/ batteries

• Efficient domesticappliances

• Phase changing materials

• Efficient lighting

• Photovoltaics

• Water and waste management

• Awareness enhancingtechnologies

• Domotics

• Smart materials

• Remote shopping

• Security

SmartnessSmartness

• Self cleaning surfaces

• Remotediagnostics - monitoring

• Sound insulation

• Sustainable consumerproducts

• Personalized nutrition

Health / comfortHealth / comfort

• Air quality

Lead Market Smart Energy Efficient Home

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What’s new in the SEHIntegration vs. fragmentation

Energy / resources

Health/ comfort Smartness

In summary the Smart Energy Home will provide

Partner platform to facilitate testing and scaling up

Demonstration platform to showcasing the importance of chemistry and material development for a sustainable future in Europe

Direct feedback from end users ‘living innovations’

Implementing results of leading FP projects in real life solutions for consumers

With the right support considerable

market uptake could be achieved within 3 to 5

years rather than 10 to 15 years

Much more than another prototype of the ‘house of the future’:

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The Smart Energy Home ConceptTriple C Concept

Develop a wide range of

NanoMaterialsAppliancesEquipment and integrated technologies

to create next generation efficiencies in areas such as energy use andconsumer convenience without extra CO2 emissions

Consumer driven resource Conservation enabled by Chemistry

The potential of technologies for the creation of world class markets

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4 Product categories for lead markets

Highly efficient next generation construction materials

Ultra efficient next generation appliances (in the widest sense) that have been validated for the required consumer acceptance by actual in home use

Service, know-how and licensing opportunities from integrating new power generation technologies within a house in a manner that is acceptable from a social, appearance, consumer use and economic perspective

Modular home building technologies applicable to both individual homes, but also to larger scale construction opportunities such as social housing and public buildings

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Building the Lead MarketSmart Energy Efficient Home

Harmonization of regulations, accelerate market development,

Public promotion, increase awarenessand SME support …

• stimulate research and market• speeding up market uptake• strengthen European competitiveness(Research & Industry)

• implementation of new eco-efficient production methods and facilitate nextgeneration high value-added products

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Visionary Project –Smart Plus Energy Home

New Nanomaterials for• Innovative energy

conversion, management and storage systems (fuel cells, thin film solar cells, small biorefineries, biogas, …)

• Photovoltaic, self cleaning facade paints

• White OLEDs for lighting

• thermal insulation (e.g. nanofoams)…

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The Strategic Research Approach -Lead Market Initiative

Home as self sufficient energy generators, e.g.:PhotovoltaicsBattery technology

Home as eco-efficient environment, e.g.:New washing processesSuperior insulation

Feeling at home in a healthy house, e.g.:Sustainable consumer productsHome health systems

We need an integrated funding effort to achieve this bold vision

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Summary & Outlook

Promising product properties can already be achieved using nanoscale materials

Future developments will be towards complex formulations and multifunctional materials for various energy applications

Nanotechnology helps us to satisfy customer expectations (costs, resources, savings …)

And is the key for sustainable development and innovation in the chemical industry and many downstream industries

If the gap between research and market can be closed