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Mohammad Tavakoli 4 th Mini-Seminar in Physiology of Brain & Cognition Instructor: Dr. Gharibzadeh Spring 2008. Nanotechnology in Favour of Medical Imaging. Nowadays Hi-techs. Atomic Technology: Concerning Energy Biotechnology & Stem Cells: Concerning Life & Health IT: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mohammad Tavakoli4th Mini-Seminar in Physiology of Brain &
CognitionInstructor: Dr. Gharibzadeh
Spring 2008
Atomic Technology: Concerning Energy
Biotechnology & Stem Cells: Concerning Life & Health
IT: Concerning Information
Nanotechnology: Concerning Very Small Things ;)
How small would it be? Millimeter: ▪ Wavelength of microwaves
Micrometer: ▪ One millionth of a meter
Nanometer:▪ One thousand millionth of a meter
Angstrom: ▪ Hundred-millionth of a centimeter or 10-10 meter▪ Wavelength of light: 400 to 700 nanometers or .4-.7
Å
Submicroscopic things and phenomenon are not visible in analytical manner! Brownian motion in fluids -> Chaotic Environment
So What? Computational Science
Prof. Rafii-Tabar (IPM) Simplification & Idealization Numerical Modeling (Abstract) & Computer
Simulation Supercomputers & Parallel Processing Physics of Nanotechnology: 10-15 sec. & 10-7 -10-9
m.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) IBM (1980) Simulations @ IBM website, e.g. Nano-tubes
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Seeing like a blind person
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy The technique used here is same as MRI Academic researches
In AFM, a sharp probe is scanned across a surface, left, and by monitoring the motion of the probe from each pass across the surface, a 2-D line profile is generated.
Then the line profiles are combined to create a three dimensional image of the surface, right.
Quantum: Gaussian Wein2K Spresso GPMD
Molecular Dynamics: NAMD
Visualization: AVS VMD (Visual Molecular Dynamics)
Nanomagnetic Structures for Atomic Resolution MRI Nanowire-based sensor for
ultra-high sensitivity magnetic resonance force microscopy
Amplification of magnetic flux in magnetic resonance by magnetic nanoparticles that promises to significantly improve MRI performance
Problem 1: In 2001 a patient in a British hospital died of
heart failure shortly after being given an MRI brain scan!
Solution: “Nano-coated implants cut MRI scan
dangers” 2003Problem 2:
How can we improve the MRI resolution? Solution: Contrast Agents What can Nanotechnology do here?
Solution: Superparamagnetic contrast agents (e.g. iron
oxide nanoparticles) have become available. These agents appear very dark on T2*-
weighted images and may be used for liver imaging - normal liver tissue retains the agent, but abnormal areas (e.g. scars, tumors) do not.
They can also be taken orally, to improve visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, and to prevent water in the gastrointestinal tract from obscuring other organs (e.g. pancreas).
The End