Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends
Joe KostkowskiDan McDonaldApril 29, 2005
Applications and Impacts
Applications and Impacts
Energy
energy efficiency and supply provide food and water worldwide
dwindling fossil-fuel reserves solar power
Batteries nanotube technology
Applications and Impacts
Environment and Health
environmental protection source reduction
manufacturing process raw materials
“As we enter the 21st century, nanotechnology will have a major impact on the health, wealth and security of the world’s people that will be at least as significant in this century as antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and man-made polymers.”
-Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology Report (1999)
Applications and Impacts
Defense
Smart UniformsSelf-contained computer networkLighter, more durable body armor “nanomuscle fibers” to enhance a soldier’s
strengthNanomaterials in weaponsNanotechnology-based information
systems
Applications and Impacts
Aerospace
Size, weight, and power consumption are all critical factors
NanoelectronicsBatteries, fuel cells, and solar cells
Applications and Impacts
Electronics Industry
Current lithography techniques have limitations
Molecular electronics
Applications and Impacts
SNAP
Superlattice Nanowire Pattern TransferReliably creates small features cheaper
than E-beam lithography
Trends
Trends
Energy, Environment and Health renewable energies - Consumption, Dependence
• Liability – Trust, “wow to yuck” trajectory
Trends
Automotive Industry
Trends in safety and efficiencyNanomaterials in catalytic convertersFuel additives to increase fuel efficiencyLightweight materials
Trends
Intellectual Property Rights
Rapidly increasing number of patents containing “nano”
Patent Office must protect intellectual property rights with-out stifling creativity
Challenges
Challenges
Energy
Research to consumers demand Clear schedule
dot-com explosion Biotechnology Military
Battery packs
Challenges
Electronics
Will nanowires or carbon nanotubes appear in next-generation transistors?
CNTsGood performanceHigh carrier mobility
NanowiresCan be doped for specific applications
Challenges
Environment and Health
flow of nanoparticles into the environment quantum dots Bioaccumulation
exposure to nanopollution inhalation, dermal, eye, and oral Examples
Titanium Dioxide, Carbon Black, and Diesel particles
Societal Activities transportation, urban development and information
management
Challenges
Ethical Issues
Will nanotechnology live up to the hype?
“Grey goo” theory Ill-defined
boundaries of nanotechnology will make regulation difficult
Questions?
