Nanotechnology and Coatings

CEFIC Stakeholder Dialogue

2008-06-24

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Nanotechnology Context

Nanotechnology (NT) is a key enabling technology for the 21st century Worldwide sales expectations between €1000-3000bn up to 2015

Influence in almost all sectors of industry

Significant opportunities for sustainable development, growth and employment

Significant benefits for the environment

Like for all new technologies, knowledge gap is a main cause of concern Preliminary academic studies indicate that there could be unexpected adverse effects

associated to nanomaterials

Some researchers and NGOs advocate a strict use of the precautionary principle

Society at large is uninformed about NT but favorably inclined

Bayer is committed to the generation and communication of knowledge to ensure a responsible development of nanomaterials

www.baycareonline.com / www.baytubes.com

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Nanotechnology Areas at Bayer

Surface Modification:Scratch Resistance,UV-Protection,Easy-to-Clean Adhesives:Bonding StrengthThermal Stability

Nanocomposite

200 nm

Fire retardant plastics: Bayblend® FR incorporating nanoparticle

Thin Layer and Surfaces

Nanoparticle / - additive Nanobiotechnology

Liposome, Nanophosphore for Diagnostics, Drug Delivery

Carbon Nanotubes - Baytubes®

500µm73,7 : 1 B096501RE101

BTS

20 nm

200nm93390 : 1 B028202RE109

Fields of Nanotechnology at Bayer MaterialScience

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Potential Benefits of Nanotechnology for Coatings• Saving resources

• Longer use, less layers needed for corrosion protection• Saving energy

• Improved processes, weight reduction• Reduced impact on the environment

• Water based coatings• Improved life

• Products with better performance, easy to clean

Automotive OEM

Transportation

Corrosion Protection

Plastic Coatings

Construction & Flooring

General Industrial

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R&D

Exposure Potential along the Life Cycle

Production of nanoparticles for coatings

– Nanoparticle in dispersion produced in situ or

– Controlled production of powder in closed systems

Applications of coatings

– Brush, roll, flow, spray, cup gun, airless

Use of product

– Abrasion

– Weathering

End of life

– Recycling

– Incineration

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Development of Methodology for Measuring the Exposure

State of the art:

– Combination of particle counters and sampling on TEM filter/EDX (non-standard)

– In parallel gravimetric method (standard)

Nano Aerosol Sampler

“Air”Count

Identify /Characterise

100 nm

Stepping Mobility Particle-Sizer

+Condensation Particle Counter

Validation of the method– Validation/Standardisation efforts ongoing e.g. within NanoCare* and TRACER*

* Safety research projects sponsored by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research)

Real exposure has to be separated from the background– Measure exposure during routine activity and without activity

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Measurements of Exposure in the Air

During spraying– Measurement at R&D facility during spray application of coatings

– Background (no spraying) 1000-2000 / cm3

– Polyurethane (PU) coatings 7000-18000 / cm3

– PU coatings + nanoparticles 1800-3000 / cm3

Concentrations during spraying with nanoparticles weresimilar to background level and were not higher than with standard coating systems

During abrasion– VdL Study run at TU Dresden

» Abrasion with exemplary coatings (standard Taber abraser)

– TRACER project*

» Measurement of aerosol during mechanical processes

with nanocomposite (e.g. grinding, boring)

“Nanoparticle aerosols arising from mechanical processes are unlikely to be formed” (SCENIHR, 2006)

* Sponsored by BMBF: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research

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Efficient Worker Protection Measures are in Place

Efficiency of general protection techniques

For most processes and job tasks, the control of airborne exposure to nanoparticles can most likely be accomplished using a wide range of engineering control techniques similar to those used in reducing exposures to general aerosols (NIOSH, 2007)

Efficiency of filters

For conventional fibrous filtration media the most penetrating particle size lies around 300 nm, principally depending on air flow rate and fibre diameter. This has resulted in filter classification standards being based on filtration efficiency at this particle size, based on the philosophy that the penetration is lower for all other particle sizes (Norden, 2007)

Filter efficiency measured for NP (BGIA, 2005)

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Bayer Code of Good Practice on production and on-site use of nanomaterials

Recommendations for technical, organisational, personal protection measures (www.baycareonline.com)

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Nanotechnology Bayer is committed to product stewardship to ensure the safe use of its nanomaterials

(www.baycareonline.com)

R&D Case Study: Nanoparticles in Coatings Methods to measure the exposure in the air exist but are complex

Standardisation and differentiation of background level are important issues

Preliminary measurements confirms the SCENIHR opinion that nanoparticle aerosols

arising from abrasion are unlikely to be formed

Standard protection measures seem to be efficient to ensure the safe handling of

coatings with nanoparticles

Conclusions

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Thank you for your attention!

AcknowledgementsThe author gratefully acknowledges the kind support by the Working Group Nanotechnology at Bayer

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BMS Product Stewardship Concept

Hazard Identification

Exposure Assessment

Risk Characterization

Risk Communication

Risk Management incl. Control

Plan-Do-Check-Act

Hazard x Exposure = Risk

Ensure

safe use

of BMS materials

Define and implement

safety concept based on risk assessment

Our main goal:

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Product Stewardship for Nanotechnology

Bayer MaterialScience is committed to the generation of knowledge for safety aspects for nanotechnology

Participation to research projects e.g. NanoCare, TRACER

Work in Associations (DECHEMA, VCI, CEFIC, ACC)

Development and validation of measurement methods

Internal testing programme for (eco)-tox profile determination

Cooperations with academic institutes

Harmonisation (DIN, ISO, OECD)

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Target-oriented Communication Tools Available

Forums Safety Data Sheet

InternetSpecialised press Customer service

Technical Datasheet

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Communication of HSE Aspects via Internet

BayCare Webpage www.baycareonline.com

see “What’s new” section

Baytubes Webpage www.baytubes.com

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Typical Concentrations for Airborne Nanoparticles

Smokingroom

57200 / cm³

Highway 9200 / cm³

Office 2500 – 4000 / cm³

Spraycoating lab

600 - 2000 / cm³