12-16 August 2012 San Diego (California) Convention Center Recommended Papers

Nanoscience 8455-9: Metadevices; Nikolay Zheludev, Optoelectronics Research Ctr. 12 August, 1:45-2:30 We define metadevices as devices with all sorts of useful functionalities that can be achieved by structuring of materials responsive to external stimuli on a scale smaller than the operational length. We report an overview on our recent work on developing photonic and microwave electromagnetic metadevices, in particular metadevices exploiting phase change media, electrostatic and opto- mechanical forces, coherent effects and nonlinear and quantum response of superconductors.

8455-14: Plasmonic and semiconductor building blocks for metadevices ; Mark Brongersma, Stanford Univ. 12 August, 3:45-4:10 Metamaterials and nanophotonic devices are most commonly constructed from metallic (i.e. plasmonic) nanostructures. However, recent research has begun to also exploit the optical resonances of high-permittivity semiconductor and dielectric nanostructures to realize similar optical functionalities. I will discuss how subwavelength plasmonic and semiconductor building blocks can be put together to generate metadevices in which the metals and semiconductors perform several functions in the same physical space. 8455-47: Diffraction and sub-diffraction optics of planar metal lenses; Alexander Kildishev, Satoshi Ishii, Xingjie Ni, Vladimir Shalaev, Vladimir Drachev, Purdue Univ. 14 August, 2:20-2:45 We review our recent progress in developing planar metal nanoslit lenses, including the LC-tunable plasmonic slit lenses, discuss their application as elements of diffractive optical devices, and present simulation methods for optimizing lenses fabricated as arrays of nanoslits milled in metal films with thicknesses comparable to the wavelength of incident light. We show that the subwavelength light confinement peak can be obtained in a loss-compensated hyperbolic metamaterial slab with the diffraction pattern produced by a double-slit gold mask. We present the experimental demonstration of the subwavelength diffraction pattern obtained in a hyperbolic medium, hence, confirming the predictions of our modeling. 8455-63: Amplification and spasing; Mark Stockman, Georgia StateUniv. 15 August, 10:35-11:00am For a metamaterial with gain, we analytically establish conditions of spasing, amplification, and gain compensation. We show that the conditions of spasing and full loss compensation are identical. These

are relatively easily achieved with silver as a plasmonic metal but can be also achieved with gold with a significantly higher gain. If this condition is satisfied, the metamaterial will always spase on localized modes and on the band-edge modes as in the distributed feedback lasers. In the highly idealized case of no localized or band-edge modes present in the spectral region above the spasing threshold, we find a condition of spasing due to mode mismatch at the facets of the system.

8455-64: Amplification and lasing in nanoplasmonic metamaterials; Sebastian Wuestner, Andreas Pusch, Joachim Hamm, Kosmas Tsakmakidis, Ortwin Hess, Imperial College London 15 August, 11:00-11:25am The two prevalent forms of light and plasmon emission, amplified spontaneous emission and coherent stimulated emission, are integrated into a self-consistent theoretical framework of a Maxwell-Bloch Langevin approach to study an optically pumped nanofishnet metamaterial with an embedded laser dye (four-level) medium exhibiting a negative refractive index. The transition from loss-compensation to amplification and to nanolasing is demonstrated, observing ultrafast relaxation oscillations of the bright negative-index mode with frequencies just below the THz regime. The dynamics and spectra of the emitted light indicate that coherent amplification and lasing are maintained even in the presence of noise and amplified spontaneous emission.

8455-65: Bringing gain in metamaterials; Costas Soukoulis, Iowa State Univ. and Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas 15 August, 11:25-11:50 The need for reducing or even compensating of the losses is a key challenge for metamaterial tech-nologies. One promising way of overcoming the losses is based on incorporating a gain material into the metamaterial structure. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand the mechanism of the coupling between metamaterials and the gain medium. In addition, these ideas can be used in plas-monics to incorporate gain to obtain new nano-plasmonic lasers. We will present our FDTD numerical new results with gain in metamaterials.

8455-87: Applied metamaterials; Augustine Urbas, Air Force Research Lab. 16 August, 11:35-12:00 Metamaterials provide the ability to design materials properties to meet the unique needs of applications beyond what is possible with conventional materials. In an effort to develop a full set of application tools and gain an engineering understanding of metamaterials, defense researchers have embarked on a series of application focused research efforts to apply metamaterials. These span a range of frequencies and a diversity of venues. The aim of this work is to gauge the readiness and maturity of metamaterials for the field.

8455-98: Tunable quantum metamaterials; Ruzan Sokhoyan, Harry Atwater, California Institute of Technology 16 August, 5:05-5:20pm We report a theoretical investigation of the cooperative behavior of quantum emitters embedded in nanostructured materials. We first address collective spontaneous emission process of a dense ensemble of two-level quantum emitters embedded in a classical metamaterial. We observe a modified power-law dependence of the emission timescale and intensity, as compared to the case of the emitters placed in vacuum. Further, we analyze the dynamics of quantum emitter ensembles under continuous pumping. Finally, we discuss routes to modified emission, e.g., by applying external electric fields. As a possible applied implementation we consider a model of quantum superlenses with tunable focal point.

8457-1: Super-oscillatory lens far-field to far-field optical microscope: breaking diffraction limit; E. T. F. Rogers, Jari Lindberg, T. Roy, Salvatore Savo, Optoelectronics Research Ctr.; J. E. Chad, Univ. of Southampton; Mark Dennis, Univ. of Bristol; Nikolay Zheludev, Optoelectronics Research Ctr. 12 August, 8:50-9:35am We report a new superresolution microscope for optical imaging that beats the diffraction limit of conventional instruments and the recently demonstrated near-field optical super-lens and hyper-lens. It uses a binary amplitude mask for direct focusing of laser light into a sub-wavelength spot in the post-evanescent field by precisely tailoring interference of a large number of beams diffracted from a nanostructured mask. The new non-invasive technology could be universally used for imaging at any wavelength, and it does not depend on luminescence of the object, which can be tens of microns away from the mask.

8457-2: Graphene nanoplasmonics; Sasha Grigorenko, Kostya Novoselov, Univ. of Manchester 12 August, 9:35-10:20 We discuss benefits of combining plasmonic nanostructures with graphene. We consider both cases: a modification of graphene properties with the help of suitably chosen plasmonic nanostructures as well as using graphene for manipulation of optical properties of plasmonic nanomaterials. Special attention will be paid to photovoltaic, biosensing and optoelectronic applications. We show that the combination of graphene with plasmonics could results in extremely fast, relatively cheap and very small optoelectronic devices.

8457-4: Photovoltaic devices based on 2D heterostructures; Kostya Novoselov, Sasha Grigorenko, Liam Britnell, Andre Geim, Univ. of Manchester 12 August, 11:35-11:55 Graphene is a remarkable material with myriads of unique properties, from electronic to chemical and from optical to mechanical. Most importantly, it has opened a floodgate for many other 2D crystals to be discovered and studied. Such crystals are stable, mechanically strong and carry many properties which cannot be found in their 3D counterparts. Combining such crystals in one heterostructure allows one to gain novel functionality. Here we report the photovoltaic properties of heterostructures based on graphene connected to various metals and layers of molybdenum disulphide.

8457-34: Graphene nanoplasmonics: a novel platform for capturing and manipulating light at the nanoscale; Frank Koppens, ICFO/ Institut de Ciències Fotòniques 14 August, 2:00-2:45 In this talk, I will discuss recent experimental and theoretical work on exploiting graphene as a host for capturing, guiding, switching and manipulating light and at nanoscale dimensions. This work is related to the emerging and potentially far-reaching field of graphene plasmonics: surface waves coupled to the charge carrier excitations of the conducting sheet. Due to the unique characteristics of graphene, light can be squeezed into extremely small volumes and thus facilitate strongly enhanced light-matter interactions. I will discuss recent observations of propagating and localized optical plasmons in graphene nano-structures. By gating the graphene, in-situ control of the plasmon wavelength is demonstrated, which allows us to control the resonance frequency of graphene-based plasmonic cavities. In particular, we demonstrate the capability to completely switch on and off plasmon modes in a graphene ribbon, paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors.

8457-35: The smallest plasmonic resonators: graphene nanocavities at near-infrared telecom wavelengths; Min Seok Jang, Victor Brar, Stanley Burgos, Harry Atwater, California Institute of Technology

14 August, 2:45-3:05 We have theoretically investigated plasmonic cavities consisting of bridges and patches of graphene of dimensions of 5 by 10 nm. Full field simulations of these structures demonstrate that they exhibit extraordinary light confinement at the telecom wavelengths. Using a random phase approximation to model the dielectric function of the graphene and taking a Fermi level at 0.6 eV, we calculate that these structures can have effective mode volumes of $10^{-9}-10^{-8} \lambda0^3$ with quality factors of 10-30. These mode volumes are at least three orders of magnitude smaller than what has been previously demonstrated in plasmonic cavities, thus displaying the most dramatic example thus far of light confinement in nanostructures.8457-51: Coherent, hybrid, and active Plasmonics; Naomi Halas, Rice Univ.

8457-52: Light emission from metal; Meir Orenstein, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 15 August, 3:05-3:35 Interesting science and applications are evoked when nano metalic structures are involved in light emission process. We will describe linear and nonlinear light emission processes from the metal itself, from metal-semiconductor boundaries and from semiconductor emitters in the vicinity of a metal structure. In the latter - light emission is also actually occurring from the metal carriers' acceleration. Examples will include multiphoton excitation of emission in metal, parametric process in metal boundaries, LED and OLED rate enhancement and two photon emission near metallic structure. Finally we describe our progress towards electrically operated plasmonic particle based Spaser.

8458-14: Forces and torques on the nanoscale: from measurement to applications; Giovanni Volpe, Bilkent Univ. 12 August, 4:00-4:30 The possibility of measuring microscopic forces down to the femtonewton range has opened new possibilities in fields such as biophysics and nanophotonics. I will review some of the techniques most often employed, namely the photonic force microscope (PFM) and the total internal reflection microscope (TIRM), which are able to measure tiny forces acting on optically trapped particles. I will then discuss several applications of such nanoscopic forces: from plasmonic optical manipulation, to self-propelled microswimmers, to self-organization in large ensembles of particles.

8458-19: Laser tweezers and scissors: a photonic toolbox to study cells and their organelles; Michael Berns, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic 13 August, 1:30-2:00 Laser tweezers have been used to study sperm motility, and specfically to relate motility to evolution as well to the biophysics of sperm motion. The angular momentum of laser tweezers has also been used to rotate birefringent vaterite particles to create microfluidic flow to study nerve fiber growth. Combined laser tweezers and scissors have been used to cut chromosomes inside a living cell and move them about on the mitotic spindle.

8458-21: Femtosecond laser surgery on a chip shedding light on nerve regeneration; Adela Ben-Yakar, Univ. of Texas at Austin 13 August, 2:30-3:00 No abstract available.

8458-28: The optical stretcher: are biomechanical changes necessary for tumor progression? Josef Käs, Univ. Leipzig (Germany) 14 August, 8:00-8:30am With an increasing knowledge in tumor biology an overwhelming complexity becomes obvious which

roots in the diversity of tumors and their heterogeneous molecular composition. Nevertheless in all solid tumors malignant neoplasia, i.e. uncontrolled growth, invasion of adjacent tissues, and metastasis, occurs. Biomechanical measurements with the Optical Stretcher shed some new light on cancer by approaching this problem from a functional, materials perspective. Recent results indicate that all three pathomechanisms require changes in the active and passive cellular biomechanics. Malignant transformation causes cell softening for small deformations which correlates with an increased rate of proliferation and faster cell migration. The tumor cell's ability to strain harden permits tumor growth against a rigid tissue environment. A highly mechanosensitive, enhanced cell contractility is a prerequisite that tumor cells can cross its tumor boundaries and that this cells can migrate through the extracellular matrix. Insights into the biomechanical changes during tumor progression may lead to selective treatments by altering cell mechanics. Such drugs would not cure by killing cancer cells, but slow down tumor progression with only mild side effects and thus may be an option for older and frail patients.

8459-11: Electronic energy transport in nanomaterials: influence of host structure; David Andrews, Jack Ford, Univ. of East Anglia Norwich 12 August, 4:30-4:50 Electronic energy transport within molecular nanomaterials generally entails a multi-step migration between distinct chromophores. The Förster model portrays the host influence in terms of a dependence on refractive index, but fails to register the specific effect of material in the vicinity of the energy transfer. A quantum electrodynamical analysis leads to results that identify optical and electronic attributes expediting or inhibiting energy transport, exhibiting a significant interplay of influence between the local architecture and the structural symmetry of the host material. The results lend new physical insights into mechanisms contributing to involvement of the host.

8460-7: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging: towards clinical reality; Sylvain Gioux, Hak Soo Choi, Summer Gibbs, John Frangioni, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr. 12 August, 10:40-11:10 Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is rapidly evolving from a bench technique to a routine clinical modality. Among the driving forces is the capability to provide image feedback regarding the presence of fluorescent contrast agents deep (up to several millimeters) into living tissues, non-invasively and in real-time. Such technology promises potential solutions to longstanding clinical problems, especially in cancer and reconstructive surgeries. However, many complex challenges, both scientific and regulatory, remain. In this presentation, we will provide our latest results and perspective on imaging device and contrast agent design and clinical translation.

8460-38: Theranostic nanomaterials based on porous silicon; Michael Sailor, University of California, San Diego 14 August, 1:30-2:00 This presentation will discuss the synthesis and properties of a biodegradable nanomaterial based on electrochemically prepared porous silicon. Luminescent nanoparticles constructed from silicon offer a non-toxic alternative to Cd-based quantum dots for in-vivo applications. In particular, porous silicon nanoparticles have been shown to be biodegradable and to safely image tumors and organs in live animals. The use of the photoluminescence and reflective optical characteristics of this material for in-vitro and in-vivo sensing and drug delivery will be highlighted. 8461-16: Perpendicular CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction; Hideo Ohno, Tohoku Univ

13 August, 2:00-2:30 bcc(100) CoFeB-(100) MgO is a preferred system for magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) applications, because it offers a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of > 100% through symmetry filtering of wavefunctions, which is required for nonvolatile memory cells. Integration of high performance MTJs in the CMOS back-end not only enables non-volatile, high density, and fast stand-alone and embedded RAMs, but also makes it possible to realize nonvolatile logic-in-memory CMOS VLSIs [1]. To this end, we showed that a perpendicular interface anisotropy at the CoFeB-MgO interface [2, 3] is strong enough (Ki = 1.3 mJ/m2) to overcome the demagnetization when the CoFeB layer is thin enough and can be utilized

to realize 40 nm perpendicular MgO-CoFeB MTJs with high TMR (>100 %) and low switching current of

49 A [3]. Analysis of the junction size dependence of the properties of MTJs revealed that "activation

volume" of the system determines the thermal stability factor of MTJs with diameter 40 nm and greater [4]. This means that the thermal stability factor is governed by a product of exchange stiffness and the thickness of the free layer material, which has been experimentally verified [5]. It has also been shown that the CoFeB-MgO system withstands a high annealing temperature of 400 oC required for logic integrated circuit applications [6]. I will end my talk by discussing about the scalability of MTJs from the materials point of view.

8461-40: Spinoptics in nanostructures; Erez Hasman, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 15 August, 8:30-9:30am Spin-symmetry breaking in nanoscale structures caused by spin-orbit interaction, leading to a new branch in optics - spinoptics is presented. Spin-dependent plasmonics based on the interference of topological defects in the near-field was observed. We utilize the surface plasmons' scattering dynamics from localized vortex sources to create spinoptical devices as an ensemble of isolated nanoantennas to observe a "giant" spin-dependent plasmonic vortex, and a spin-dependent plasmonic focusing lens. Moreover, an observation of optical Rashba effect from spinoptical metamaterials consisting of nanoantennas is presented. The observed spin split dispersion arises from the inversion symmetry violation in the lattice. 8461-65 : Domain wall motion driven by current in magnetic nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy; Luc Thomas, See-Hun Yang, Kwang-Su Ryu, Timothy Phung, Stuart Parkin, IBM Almaden Research Ctr. 12 August, 1:30-2:00 8462-29: Modified carbon nanotubes: from nanomedicine to nanotoxicology; Massimo Bottini, Burnham Institute for Medical Research; Nunzio Bottini, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology 15 August, 3:15-3:45 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are receiving considerable attention for biomedical applications due to their extraordinary properties. In particular, their chemical nature and high aspect ratio make them ideal carriers to achieve delivery of high doses of therapeutic and imaging cargos in a specific site of interest. Suitably modified CNTs have shown increased solubility under physiologic conditions, improved biocompatibility profile and lack of toxicity after injection in living animals and, after being loaded with cargos (small molecules, proteins, peptides or nucleic acids) they have been successfully evaluated as pharmaceutical, therapeutic and diagnostic tools.

Nano-engineering

8463-10: Nanotechnologies for efficient energy conversion, energy storage, water treatment, and water purification; Louay Eldada, Amprius, Inc. 14 August, 2:10-2:40 We present nanotechnologies that improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy into electricity, and enhance the round-trip efficiency of energy storage systems. We describe nanostructures that enhance light concentration, light trapping, photon absorption, charge generation, carrier multiplication, hot electron extraction, charge transport, and current collection in photovoltaic systems, as well as nanomaterials that enhance the efficiency of electrochemical processes, boost gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, reduce the rate of self-discharge, increase the peak power rating, and extend the cycle life of secondary batteries. We also describe nanomaterials that can be used for water filtration. Membrane processes are key components of advanced water purification and desalination technologies, and nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Additionally, we describe nanotechnologies for water remediation, which can be grouped into thermal, physico-chemical and biological methods. 8464-22: DNA, sugars, and proteins at work in optics; Koen Clays, Katholieke Univ. Leuven 14 August, 10:30-11:10 We will review the use of selected biosystems in relevant optical applications. Complementary DNA strands can be used to put chromophore couples, e.g. for energy transfer between donor and acceptor, at a desired distance. Amylose can be used to optimize the conformation of extended chromophores by including the molecule as a guest in the amylose host. Fluorescent proteins can be used in cellular imaging. We will focus on the development (by genetic engineering) and characterization (by hyper-Rayleigh scattering) of fluorescent proteins for combined multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic imaging. 8465-1: Organic photovoltaics: current status and future opportunities; Bernard Kippelen, Georgia Institute of Technology 14 August, 8:30-9:00am In this talk, we will review the current status of organic photovoltaic materials and devices and discuss recent advances that generate new opportunities. In particular, we will discuss the important role played by interfaces in the operation of organic photovoltaic devices and how the tailoring of these interfaces can lead to novel device architectures. We believe that these strategies can pave the way to very low-cost photovoltaic technologies with light weight and highly flexible form factors. 8467-5: III-nitride nanowires: from the bottom-up to the top-down; George Wang, Qiming Li, Jonathan Wierer, Daniel Koleske, Jeffrey Figiel, Jeremy Wright, Ting Luk, Igal Brener, Sandia National Labs. 15 August, 9:30-9:55am Compared to planar films, III-nitride semiconductor nanowires have several potential advantages for device applications. I will discuss results involving the aligned, bottom-up growth of Ni-catalyzed GaN and III-nitride core-shell nanowires, along with extensive results providing insights into the nanowire properties obtained using cutting-edge structural, electrical, and optical nanocharacterization techniques. I will also describe a more recent "top-down" approach for fabricating ordered arrays of high quality GaN-based nanowires with controllable height, pitch and diameter. The fabrication, structure, optical properties, lasing characteristics, and device performance of top-down-fabricated nanowires and nanowire LEDs and solar cells will be discussed.

Solar Energy + Technology 8468-11: Wavelength selective solar concentrators for sustainable electricity generation in coexistence with agriculture and natural ecosystems; Sue Carter, Glenn Alers, Carley Corrado, Shin Woei Leow, Melissa Osborn, Ian Carbone, Derek Padilla, Michael Loik, Univ. of California, Santa Cruz 15 August, 11:10-11:35am While photovoltaic (PV) technologies are being developed that have the potential for meeting the cost target of $1/W for installed systems, competition over land resources could curtail wide scale deployment. Such large scale power generation will require solar farms to be installed in agricultural and deserts, thereby competing with food production, biofuels, and desert ecosystems. I will discuss our results on wavelength selective solar collectors (WSSC). The absorption of the WSSC is controlled to optimize plant growth. I will present our results on the power generated and plant photosynthesis and crop yield as a function of outdoor conditions measured on 1 kW WSSC arrays that have been installed in greenhouse roofs at the UCSC Arboretum. Installed cost targets for WSSC-integrated greenhouses and prototypes are demonstrated that can meet an installed cost target below $1/W, with a power efficiency up to 6%, where over half the power comes directly from the luminescent solar absorber. 8469-1: Assessment of research and development needs in solar to hydrogen production technologies; Eric Miller, Sara Dillich, Sarah Studer, U.S. Dept. of Energy 14 August, 8:30-9:15am The US Department of Energy's (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Program (FCT) has made significant progress in fuel cell technology advancement and cost reduction, highlighted by reducing the cost of automotive fuel cells by more than 80% since 2002. The next major challenge is the widespread production of affordable renewable hydrogen. To address this challenge, the federal Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee (HTAC), established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, has worked with FCT to assemble a Blue Ribbon Panel on Hydrogen Production. The Panel, comprised of leading experts from industry, academia and the national laboratories, was charged with evaluating the current status and future prospects for viable hydrogen production technologies. Key emphases were the importance of near-term utilization of current reforming and electrolytic processes in early hydrogen markets as well as the critical need for transitioning to industrial-scale renewable hydrogen production for the longer term. Central to the long term vision are the solar-to-hydrogen conversion processes, including the photoelectrochemical, biological and thermochemical routes. The Panel assessment of the research and development needs for advancing these technologies are discussed, as well as strategies for leveraging research collaborations across DOE programs and other federal agencies. 8471-8: Coupled optical and electrical modeling for optimization of nanostructured solar cells; Michael Deceglie, California Institute of Technology; Vivian Ferry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.; Paul Alivisatos, Univ. of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.; Harry Atwater, Jr., California Institute of Technology 14 August, 9:20-9:40am We investigate how variations in light absorption profiles affect current collection in amorphous silicon solar cells for various light trapping structures. We find that IQE varies by 10% absolute for cells of the same thickness but with different light trapping structures. We identify maximizing the fraction of light absorbed in the intrinsic region as an important design consideration along with maximizing overall absorption. The full device structure is simulated both optically and electrically in two and three dimensions. This provides insight into the connection between optical and electrical device design, and provides a route toward full optimization of photovoltaic efficiency.

8473-2: Influencing and enabling laser processing of solar materials through temporal pulse shaping ; Mathew Rekow, ESI-PyroPhotonics Lasers Inc. 15 August, 8:25-8:50am In this work we will examine the role of laser pulse shape, pulse duration, and wavelength in optimizing laser processes for these various applications utilizing a single, advanced programmable pulse fiber laser for all work. The results from the various processes both in terms of performance, materials science, and morphology as they relate to temporal pulse shape and duration are presented. 8473-8: Laser doping for high-efficiency silicon solar cells; Ulrich Jäger, Andreas Wolf, Bernd Steinhauser, Jan Benick, Jan Nekarda, Ralf Preu, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesystem 15 August, 11:10-11:30am The application of laser doping in the fabrication of highly efficient silicon solar cells is presented. Laser doping provides the possibility to easily fabricate a selective emitter structure, which helps to suppress recombination on the front side of the device. The choice of the right pulse width and spatial beam profiling enables a stable process with an industrially required throughput. Laser doping can also be used for the fabrication of point contacts featuring a high doping underneath the metallization. This process can be implemented in n-type solar cells and allows for high open circuit voltages beyond 700 mV and conversion efficiencies above 22%. 8477-33: Improving the light-harvesting of second generation solar cells with photochemical upconversion, Yuen Yap Cheng, Burkhard Fueckel, Tim F. Schulze, Rowan W. MacQueen, Murad J. Y. Tayebjee, Andrew Danos, Tony H. Khoury, Raphael G. C. R. Clady, The Univ. of Sydney (Australia); Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes, Imperial College London (United Kingdom); Maxwell J. Crossley, The Univ. of Sydney (Australia); Bernd Stannowski, Klaus Lips, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (Germany); Timothy W. Schmidt, The Univ. of Sydney (Australia) 16 August, 1:30-1:55 Solar energy devices with a single energy threshold suffer from an inability to harvest more than about 30% of the energy available from the sun. This limit, first derived by Shockley and Queisser, is due, in part, to the inability to harvest photons with energies below the threshold. A way to address this loss is by manipulating the solar spectrum with upconversion. Recent progress has been made in the field of photochemical upconversion which has the potential to operate under unconcentrated sunlight in the future. We have applied photochemical upconversion to amorphous silicon solar cells, demonstrating proof-of-principle. In this presentation, I will outline the pathway required to move this technology towards practical application.

Organic Photonics + Electronics 8474-21: Liquid photonics: a new platform for ultra-efficient nonlinear optics; Robert Norwood, College of Optical Sciences,Univ. of Arizona 13 August, 10:30-11:00am Liquids provide intriguing opportunities for nonlinear optics by virtue of their excellent linear optical properties, compatibility with organic molecules and ability to suspend nonlinear nanoparticles, among other properties. We have developed a technique that allows splicing of liquid core optical fiber (LCOF) to standard single-mode optical fiber with low loss (<1dB). We have used this approach to demonstrate low power threshold all-optical switching via inverse Raman scattering, and we will discuss additional applications including ultralow threshold Raman generation, supercontinuum generation and third order

NLO materials characterization. 8476-8: Design of charge transport molecules for organic light emitting devices; Asanga Padmaperuma, James Swensen, Evgueni Polikarpov, Lelia Cosimbescu, Pacific Northwest National Lab. 12 August, 11:15-11:35am The efficiency and stability of blue OLEDs continue to be the primary roadblock to developing organic solid-state white lighting as well as power efficient displays. The use of the emitter will determine the resulting efficiency of the device. The use of organometallic phosphors is known to result in internal quantum efficiencies close to 100%. Materials used in the transport layers can be designed to increase the carrier density as a way to reduce the drive voltage. With this in mind we have developed a comprehensive library of charge transporting molecules using combination of theoretical modeling and experimental evidence. Our work focuses on using chemical structure design and computational methods to develop host, transport, emitter, and blocking materials for high efficiency blue OLEDs, along with device architectures to take advantage of these new materials. Through chemical modification of materials we are able to influence both the charge balance and emission efficiency of OLEDs. Design rules, structure-property relationships and results from state of the art OLEDs will be presented. 8478-36: Organic doping: new approaches for enhancing the performance of organic transistors; Björn Lüssem, Axel Fischer, Hans Kleemann, Max L. Tietze, Karl Leo, Technische Univ. Dresden 14 August, 3:55-4:10 Doping of organic layers is a key technology for the realization of highly efficient optoelectronic devices, but its application in organic field effect transistors is much less common. In this contribution it will be shown how organic transistors (OFETs) can be improved by doping. In particular, the control of the Fermi Level position by doping will be used to tune the threshold voltage of OFETs. Furthermore, doping can be used to realize novel vertical transistors. These transistors show high driving currents at low operation voltages. The basic working mechanisms and potential applications are discussed. 8479-3: Biologically-inspired materials for renewable energy; David Ordinario, Long Phan, Anthony Burke, Alon Gorodetsky, Univ. of California, Irvine 15 August, 11:20-11:45am Our work focuses on the development of materials that mergeUnique structural and recognition features of biological macromolecules with the favorable electronic properties of π-conjugated organic systems. We will discuss the characterization, self-assembly, and device integration of such materials, with an emphasis on renewable energy applications. 8479-6: Integrated sensors for point-of-care detection, John C. de Mello, Imperial College London (United Kingdom) 15 August, 1:55-2:20 Microfluidic devices have shown themselves to be highly effective for laboratory-based research, where their superior analytical performance has established them as efficient tools for genetic sequencing, proteomics, and drug discovery. However to date they have not been well suited to point-of-care diagnostic applications, where cost and portability are of primary concern. Although the microfluidic chips themselves are cheap and small, they must generally be used in conjunction with bulky optical detectors, which are needed to identify or quantify the analytes or reagents present. Here we report the use of miniature on-chip light sources and photodetectors based on light-emitting polymers, together with a range of low cost strategies for the sensitive detection of low concentration analytes.

Optical Engineering + Applications 8480-12: Crepuscular rays, Stanley D. Gedzelman, City College of New York (United States) 13 August, 2:00-2:30 Paintings, photographs and simulations of crepuscular rays are presented. The rays result from scattering and are produced when finite obstacles such as clouds cause adjacent regions of the atmosphere to be alternately shaded and illuminated. Lighting contrasts, which can be quite dramatic, depend on the length of the shaded path, the thickness of the cloud, the scattering angle, and the height of the sun in the sky. Simulations are presented for a variety of different geometrical situations and resemble photographs of the rays. 8481-17: Photonics Explorer: Changing the way photonics is taught at school; Robert Fischer, Univ. Federal de Alagoas 12 August, 4:20-4:40 In order to attract the next generation to photonics related careers, it is crucial to give this field a positive image already in the classroom. Making school classes on light interesting and fun is therefore essential to hold against the lack of skilled workforce which becomes a growth-limiting factor for the photonics industry. From September to December 2011, a new photonics educational kit (Photonics Explorer) was tested in 7 European countries. We report how this guided inquiry-based learning material affects the way photonics is taught in class and its impact on the interest in and image of physics among students. 8482-1: Science and technology's role in a world of increasing challenges , Mathew J. Burrows, Counselor, National Intelligence Council (United States) 12 August, 8:05-9:00am We sit on the edge of a precipice with the world changing rapidly. Science and technology plays a critical part. Over the next 15-20 years, the demand for basic resources will grow exponentially. We are not necessarily headed into a world of scarcities, although we will need to be pro-active. The National Intelligence Council is publishing Global Trends 2030 to help inform decisionmakers of their choices. The alternative worlds facing us run the gamut from a reversal of the present globalization course to a new level of cooperation. 8482-5: Agile optics concepts and materials, Nelson V. Tabiryan, BEAM Engineering for Advanced Measurements Co. (United States); Timothy J. Bunning, Air Force Research Lab. (United States); Brian R. Kimball, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Ctr. (United States) 12 August, 10:35-11:00am With development of novel materials and technologies for fabrication of thin anisotropic films allowing modulation of optical axis orientation at high spatial frequencies, optics and photonics are at the point of breakthrough due to availability of a set of powerful factors for controlling light. Micrometer-thin coatings exploring these opportunities are able to cause changes in light propagation comparable to thick prisms and lenses both in the strength and the width of the spectral bandgap, while challenging the efficiency of gratings and holograms. Novel optical components enable electro- and nonlinear-optical systems for full use of light, fast response and low-power/low-voltage drive. 8482-6: Innovation at the US Naval Research Laboratory, Craig A. Hoffman, U.S. Naval Research Lab. (United States) 12 August, 11:50-12:15

The US Naval Research Laboratory is, by organization and culture, interdisciplinary both throughout the lab and through its collaborations with academia and industry. This perspective exerts a significant influence on the manner in which research is approached at the lab to solve complex problems for the national defense. This presentation will explore several innovative technologies with an optics/photonics core that have been developed at the lab. These will span the space from biological applications to free space optical communications to hyperspectral imaging to new optical materials. Emphasis will be on the interdisciplinary nature of the research and the advantages afforded by that perspective. 8482-7: Innovation inspired by nature: capabilities, potentials, and challenges; Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Jet Propulsion Lab. and California Institute of Technology 12 August, 11:25-11:50am Over millions of years, evolution allowed nature to come up with many effective solutions to its challenges and the solutions are continually improving. Humans have always made efforts to use nature capabilities for innovation and problems solving. These efforts became more intensive in recent years where systematic studies of nature are being made towards better understanding and applying more sophisticated capabilities. Successes include even the making of humanlike robots that are capable of performing various lifelike tasks including walking, talking, interpreting speech, making eye-contact and facial expressions, as well as performing many other humanlike functions. Generally, once humans are able to perform a function or achieve a capability that is inspired by nature then thru advances in technology capabilities are developed that can significantly exceed the original model from nature. This includes flight where there is no creature that can fly as high, carry so much mass, has so large dimensions and perform so well in terms of speed of flying and sustain operation in extreme conditions as our aircraft and other aerospace systems. However, there are many challenges which are not feasible to address using the capabilities of today's technology or the ability to mimic various characteristics of biological systems. In this paper, state-of-the-art of biomimetic capabilities that were developed, potentials and challenges will be reviewed. 8482-15: Title to be determined, Aleksandr Simonian, National Science Foundation 12 August, 4:20-4:45 8484-36: Optics for efficient focusing of LED light; Ivan Moreno, Maricruz Ramirez-Sierra, Diego Esparza, Univ. Autónoma de Zacatecas 16 August, 11:20-11:40am The development of techniques for focusing light has centered on laser and solar radiation for many years. In this work, we address the nonimaging optics problem of efficient concentration of LED light into an intense and very small focal spot. Traditional lenses and concentrators, which are used extensively in laser and solar optics, are inappropriate for focusing LED light, because the LED radiation is not collimated and an LED is not a point source. Here we analyze and develop efficient free-form optics for applications such as phototherapy, ignition, plasma induction, microscope illumination, among others. Focusing the light from a large multichip LED by one such free-form condenser is still difficult, but we demonstrate how a compound condenser can efficiently focus rays to a tight spot. 8485-9: First-ever direct measurement of the spatial coherence of sunlight; Heylal Mashaal, Alex Goldstein, Daniel Feuermann, Jeffrey Gordon, Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev 12 August, 2:10-2:30 We report the first-ever direct measurement of the spatial coherence of solar beam radiation. The partial coherence of sunlight raises tantalizing prospects for a new paradigm for solar power conversion

via the antenna effect exploited so successfully in radio-frequency and microwave technologies, albeit at frequencies of order 1 PHz for solar. After reviewing the drawbacks of several potential experimental techniques for measuring the equal-time mutual coherence function of sunlight, we explain the particular suitability of a lateral shearing interferometer wherein the solar beam is split into two parts that are subsequently recombined with a relative lateral displacement. The method is relatively uncomplicated, inexpensive and obviates the problem of component dispersion (potentially problematic for a light source as broadband as sunlight). The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the recent theoretical predictions. 8486-25: Light weight silicon mirrors for space instrumentation; Vincent Bly, Peter Hill, John Hagopian, Carl Strojny, Timothy Miller, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. 14 August, 11:00-11:20am Each mirror is a monolithic structure from a single crystal of silicon. Due to silicon's extraordinary homogeneity, we light weight after optical polishing. Mirrors produced by our original process were about 1/4th the mass of an equivalent quartz mirror and were typically 1/50th wave or better. We have recently revised our process, replacing the isogrid structures with ones optimized to minimize distortion due to self-weight or mounting errors. We have also switched from ultrasonic machining to CNC grinding. We report current results for mirrors produced by the revised process and cryogenic test results for an ultrasonically light weighted mirror. 8490-21: Active beam shaping in multiple laser guide stars; Katharine J. Jones, WBAO Consultant Group 13 August, 5:30pm Adaptive beam shaping is a critical part of multiple Laser Guide Stars (LGS) for Multiple Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) for ground-based astronomical telescopes. There are two kinds of Laser Guide Stars: Sodium Laser guide Stars and Rayleigh Laser Guide Stars. MCAO corrects each "layer" of atmosphere independently. Multiple Laser Guide Stars achieve a measure of tilt and increase the isoplanic patch. Because Laser Guide Stars are launched in the atmosphere, adaptive beam shaping is applied before the laser is launched to effect the tightest beam which can be achieved at the required power level to provide requisite return to the telescope wavefront sensors. Beam attenuation and beam divergence will take place. The multiple Laser Guide Stars of major observatories (LBT, ESO VLT, MMT and Gemini) will be compared for effective adaptive beam shaping and impact on performance. 8491-5: Optical alignment for space spectrometers explained; Oana van der Togt, Folkert Draaisma, TNO 12 August, 11:00-11:20am State-of-the-art space based spectrometers request accurate alignment in order to maintain the nominal design performance. This article discusses the purpose, the criteria, the method, the results of the tolerance analysis procedure and the alignment plan, the challenges and the lessons learned during the integration of the ESA's Visible Near-infrared and Short-wave-infrared (VNS) Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) instrument. In addition, we will present the verification tool for performing MTF measurements, a free-form multi-mirror optical system, and the test results. Similar discussions will be related to the alignment of the telescope of the Tropospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). 8492-6: Measurement of the accumulation of water ice on optical components in cryogenic vacuum environments; Trevor Moeller, Montgomery Smith, Frank Collins, Jesse Labello, James Rogers, Univ. of Tennessee Space Institute; Heard Lowry, Dustin Crider, Aerospace Testing Alliance 13 August, 10:30-10:50am Experiments were conducted to measure the deposition of ice on optical component surfaces under

high-vacuum cryogenic conditions. Water was introduced into an ultra-high-vacuum chamber and impinged upon a first-surface gold-plated mirror. A laser was used to measure the growth of the deposited ice layer using multiple-beam interference while a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) measured mass. It was found that under these conditions, ice accumulates on optical component surfaces as a thin film to thicknesses over 45 microns. Under development is a mitigation technique for reducing ice accumulation on optical components via the application of an electric field to their active surfaces. 8494-6: Eliminating atmospheric optical noise through digital holography; James Trolinger, Frank Wu, Eddie Scott, Ben Buckner, Jacob George, MetroLaser, Inc. 15 August, 4:00-4:20 Systems that image through a turbulent atmosphere are limited in resolution by aberrating refractive index variations. Images can be improved if the complex wave function of the aberrated wave can be recorded, reconstructed and analyzed. This paper describes application of digital holography for recording, reconstructing, and processing complex wave functions to complement other methods such as adaptive optics and lucky imaging. Unlike intensity averaging, when complex wave functions are averaged, the random fluctuations cancel since phase terms include both positive and negative values. We show experimentally and theoretically that averaging atmospherically aberrated complex wave functions can remove random aberrations. 8495-31: Sophisticated light scattering techniques from the VUV to IR regions ; Sven Schröder, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik; Marcus Trost, Tobias Herffurth, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik (Germany) and Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena; Alexander von Finck, Angela Duparré, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik 16 August, 8:50-9:20am Light scattering based characterization techniques are best suited to meet the challenging requirements for a fast and sensitive finish assessment of optical surfaces. Further advantages are the high flexibility and robustness which enable the inspection of large geometries and freeform optics. In this presentation, we report on the developments of measurement systems for total and angle resolved light scattering at several wavelengths ranging from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared spectral region. Extremely high sensitivities down to a surface roughness of below 0.1 nm and a dynamic range of up to 15 orders of magnitude for angle resolved scattering measurements have been achieved. In addition to laboratory-based instruments, compact and table-top tools which are currently developed are briefly discussed. Instructive examples of application are presented ranging from the characterization of superpolished substrates to complex multilayer coatings. 8496-13: Nonlinear optical THz-wave sources and applications; Kodo Kawase, RIKEN and Nagoya Univ.; Shin'ichiro Hayashi, RIKEN; Kei Takeya, Nagoya Univ. 12 August, 4:00-4:30 THz wave generation based on nonlinear frequency conversion is promising way for realizing a widely tunable monochromatic bright THz-wave source. Such a development of THz-wave source depends on the discovery of novel brilliant nonlinear crystal.. Recently, we showed that Cherenkov radiation with waveguide structure is an effective strategy for achieving efficient and extremely wide tunable THz-wave source. On the other hand, we have suggested a wide range of real-life applications using novel terahertz imaging techniques. As an example, a high-resolution terahertz tomography was demonstrated by ultra short terahertz pulses using optical fiber and a nonlinear organic crystal.

8498-7: Real-time multiclass object recognition system based on adaptive correlation filtering; Viridiana Contreras, Victor Díaz-Ramírez, Francisco Ramirez-Arias, Kenia Picos, Ctr. de Investigación y Desarrollo de Tecnología Digital 15 August, 10:50-11:10am A real-time digital processing system for multiclass object recognition is presented. The system is able to identify and correctly classify several dynamic targets from an input scene by using a bank of adaptive correlation filters and a graphics processing unit. The bank of correlation filters is synthesized with the help of an iterative algorithm which monotonically improves performance metrics and determines the minimum number of filters in the bank to set an optimal trade-off between pattern recognition performance and real-time operation speed. Computer simulation results obtained with the proposed system in real scenes are presented and discussed in terms of pattern recognition performance and real-time operation efficiency. 8499-73: Speech emotion recognition using associative memories; José Francisco Solís, Juan Carlos Valdiviezo-Navarro, Carina Toxqui-Quitl, Alfonso Padilla-Vivanco, Univ. Politécnica de Tulancingo 13 August, 5:30pm Speech emotion recognition is one of the research areas with most interest at present. Typically, the recognition of emotions from voice comes by extracting features based on digital signal processing, mainly computed from energy, pitch, and frequency analysis. One of the features with more emotive information is the energy. Therefore in this work the energy is represented by a discrete image function. The possibility of represent the energy as an image allows the use of models that are oriented tower the image processing such as Alfa-Beta Associative Memories. However a model that best fits the classification of emotions has not been identified. This paper presents a comparative study of Alfa-Beta and Lattice Associative Memories in order to show the potential of using associative memories for this particular application. 8502-5: Multilayer optics for novel sources in x-ray analytics; Andreas Kleine, Paul Radcliffe, Jenss Schmidt-May, Bernd Hasse, Jürgen Graf, Jörg Wiesmann, Carsten Michaelsen, Incoatec GmbH 13 August, 9:40-10:00am In this contribution, we will be providing an insight into current developments of multilayer optics for X-ray analytics in the lab and at synchrotrons. We explain the manufacturing process and summarize the different types of optics and their properties. We further give some examples of typical applications which benefit from the new possibilities, especially in combination with modern microfocus X-ray sources, novel liquid metal jet X-ray sources and beamlines. Moreover, this presentation will give the latest development of liquid metal jet sources and their corresponding optics. 8503-6: The Gemini Planet Imager: near-IR adaptive optics with nanometer precision; Bruce Macintosh, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. 14 August, 10:50-11:10am Operating at optics or near-IR wavelengths with Strehl ratios of 20-60%, ground-based astronomical adaptive optics systems typically have error budgets with terms on the order of 100 nm - orders of magnitude easier than the challenge of x-ray adaptive optics. However, one class of astronomical systems has requirements at the nanometer level - so-called "extreme" adaptive optics for direct detection of extrasolar planets. When attempting to extract an exoplanet signal10^7 fainter than the on-axis star, systematic wavefront errors at the 1 nm level can completely swamp an exoplanet signal. I will discuss these challenges in the context of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), an extreme AO system now undergoing final integration for the Gemini Observatory. GPI combines a 4096-actuator deformable

mirror with nanometer-quality optics and high-accuracy wavefront sensing through three different techniques. I will discuss similarities and differences to the problem of x-ray AO and lessons learned. 8504-1: Status and future of SACLA; Makina Yabashi, SPring-8/RIKEN; Kensuke Tono, Tadashi Togashi, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute; Yuichi Inubushi, Takahiro Sato, SPring-8/RIKEN 15 August, 8:30-9:00am Latest status and future perspective of SACLA (SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser) are presented. SACLA started operation for users in March, 2012. In parallel with the user operation, development of beam manipulation/diagnostics techniques and experimental methodologies have been continued. Furthermore, we are upgrading SACLA beamlines, such as commissioning of the SACLA-SPring-8 experimental facility, development of optical instruments for self-seeding XFEL, and construction of a beamline for SX-FEL. 8506-9: RevealingUnreadable: the Apocalypto project; David Mills, Queen Mary, Univ. of London; Oksana Samko, Cardiff Univ.; Anthony Evershed, Queen Mary, Univ. of London; Kate Thomas, Tim Wess, Cardiff Univ.; Graham Davis, Queen Mary Univ. of London 13 August, 11:55-12:15 In archives around the world, there are documents whose content is unknown. Due to entropic and autocatalyic degradation they cannot be handled or read without destroying them in the process. The new generation XMT TDI scanner being developed at Queen Mary enables very high contrast, artifact free imaging of the tiny quantities of metals in the iron gall ink used for writing. A 3D volumetric dataset produced by XMT scanning the document is modeled and digitally restored, producing a readable image of the text. Post-processing is performed in six stages, denoising, segmentation, surface construction, flattening, data projection and image generation. 8507-21: Search and development of radiation detectors; Edith Bourret Courchesne, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. 14 August, 8:30-9:00am High demand for efficient scintillating crystals for gamma detection that can be produced at low cost has driven the search for new scintillators in the last 5 years. Alkali-earth halides scintillators have received much attention due to their high luminosity close to the theoretical limit. We will present recent progress in the growth and performance of these scintillators, specially the Ba based halides. We will highlight our approach to screen materials prior to their study as single crystals. The properties of the produced crystals will be presented as well as the specificity of their growth by various techniques. 8509-10: Development of imaging hard x-ray detectors for the NuSTAR Mission, Fiona Harrison, Varun Bhalerao, Walter R. Cook III, Brian W. Grefenstette, Takao Kitaguchi, Peter Mao, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Vikram Rana, California Institute of Technology (United States) 15 August, 1:30-2:00 No abstract available 8509-12: Optimal x-ray source spectrum for imaging coherent scatter signal; Amarpreet Chawla, Andrew Holmgren, Ehsan Samei, David Brady, Duke Univ. 15 August, 2:20-2:40 No abstract available 8510-38: NPP VIIRS early on-orbit geometric performance; Robert Wolfe, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr.; Guoqing Lin, INNOVIM (United States) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr.; Nishihama Masahiro,

Sigma Space Corp.; Krishna Tewari, INNOVIM; Enrique L. Montano, Sigma Space Corp. 15 August, 4:30-4:50 The NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite was launched in October, 2011. The instrument geometric performance includes sensor spatial response, band-to-band co-registration (BBR), and geolocation accuracy and precision. The geometric performance is an important aspect of sensor data record (SDR) calibration and validation. In this paper we will discuss geometric performance parameter characterization using the first seven-month of VIIRS' earth and lunar data, and compare with the at-launch performance using ground testing data and analysis of numerical modeling results as the first step in on-orbit geometric calibration and validation. 8511-9: LINC-NIRVANA for the LBT: setting up the world's largest NIR binoculars for astronomy; Ralph Hofferbert, Harald Baumeister, Thomas Bertram, …, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, et al. 13 August, 1:50-2:20 LINC-NIRVANA is the near-infrared Fizeau-mode interferometric imager for the Large Binocular Telescope. Combining light from both 8.4m primary mirrors will allow us to reach the sensitivity of a 12m telescope and the spatial resolution of a 23m telescope within a 10.5arcsec x 10.5arcsec scientific field of view. While interferometric fringes of the combined beams can be tracked in a 1arcmin x 1.5arcmin oval field, both individual beams are corrected for atmospheric turbulence by LN's multi-conjugated adaptive optics system using natural guide stars selected from a 6arcmin field of view. The talk will give an overview of the instrument's detailed design, its performance capabilities and the overall verification process aiming for shipment to LBT in 2014. 8513-16: Dynamic modelling of future land-use change: a comparison between CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO models; Wei Yi, Zhiqiang Gao, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Nature Resources Research 13 August, 5:30pm The objective of this paper is to compare two widely use land-use dynamic models, CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO, from the perspective of land-use change amount, spatial characteristics, and their utility. A case study was conducted to examine the ascendants of each model and Kappa coefficient was used to compare the simulation accuracy. The modelling experiments reflected that the predictions of land-use change based on CLUE-S and Dinamica EGO matched broadly with actual situation. CLUE-S was better in overall accuracy whereas the Markov process in Dinamica EGO could precisely predict the amount of land-use change. Moreover, the spatial pattern of simulation map based on Dinamica EGO was more consistent with empirical result. 8514-22: A new technique for hyperspectral compressive sensing using spectral unmixing; Gabriel Martin, Univ. de Extremadura; José Bioucas-Dias, Univ. Técnica de Lisboa; Antonio Plaza, Univ. de Extremadura 13 August, 9:30-9:50am In this paper, we develop a new lossy compression framework for hyperspectral images, which combines the ideas of linear spectral unmixing and compressive sensing. Our proposed approach intends to exploit the fact that the high dimensional hyperspectral data lives in a subspace of much lower dimension due to the mixing phenomenon. It also exploits the high spatial correlation that can be observed in the data in order to provide a high-quality reconstruction from incomplete observations once the data has been transmitted to Earth. The proposed approach has been tested using real hyperspectral data collected by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Airborne Visible Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument over the Cuprite mining district in Nevada. The results obtained with

this widely used data set in spectral unmixing applications reveal that the method can obtain high compression ratios with acceptable error reconstruction levels. 8515-14: Latest developments in active remote sensing at INO; François Babin, Rosalie Forest, Bruno Bourliaguet, Daniel Cantin, Pierre Cottin, Ovidiu Pancrati, Simon Turbide, Simon Lambert-Girard, Félix Cayer, Jean-François Cormier, François Châteauneuf, INO 14 August, 8:40-9:00am Remote sensing or stand-off detection using controlled light sources is a well known and often used technique for atmospheric and surface spatial mapping. Today, ground based, vehicle-borne and airborne systems are able to cover large areas with high accuracy and good reliability. This kind of detection based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or active DOAS technologies, measure optical responses from controlled illumination of targets. Properties that can be recorded include volume back-scattering, surface reflectivity, induced fluorescence and Raman scattering. The various elastic and inelastic backscattering responses allow the identification or characterization of content of the target volumes or surfaces. INO has developed instrumentations to measure distance to solid targets and monitor particles suspended in the air or in water in real time. Our full waveform lidar system is designed for use in numerous applications in environmental or process monitoring such as dust detection systems, aerosol (pesticide) drift monitoring, liquid level sensing or underwater bathymetric lidars. Our gated imaging developments are used as aids in visibility enhancement or in remote sensing spectroscopy. Furthermore, when coupled with a spectrograph having a large number of channels, the technique becomes active multispectral/hyperspectral detection or imaging allowing measurement of UV laser induced fluorescence (UV LIF), time resolved fluorescence (in the ns to ms range) as well as gated Raman spectroscopy. These latter techniques make possible the stand-off detection of bio-aerosols, drugs, explosives as well as the identification of mineral content for geological survey. This paper reviews the latest technology developments in active remote sensing at INO and presents on-going projects conducted to address future applications in environmental monitoring. 8518-2: Quantum superresolution imaging in fluorescence microscopy; Osip Schwartz, Jonathan Levitt, Dan Oron, Weizmann Institute of Science 15 August, 2:10-2:35 Experimental realization of superresolution imaging using quantum optics has been elusive despite significant interest to this subject. We experimentally demonstrate quantum imaging beyond diffraction limit in fluorescence microscopy using a technique relying on photon antibunching in non-resonant fluorescence. Antibunching microscopy enables superresolution imaging of regular fluorophores at room temperature, which makes quantum imaging relevant to life science microscopy. 8519-8: Terahertz nanophotonics for space applications; Eric Donkor, Univ. of Connecticut 13 August, 11:50-12:15 The capacity to tailor the structural configuration of nanophotonic metamaterials and devices to effect enhanced electromagnetic response in the terahertz regime provides a technological motivation for the application of nanophotonics in space instrumentations, communications, spectroscopy, and sensing. Potential advantages include high spectral and spatial resolutions, high dynamic range, wideband tunability, high detector sensitivity, and radiation hardness. This talk will review the current state-of-the art and emerging trends, in the application of terahertz nanophotonics to space technologies. 8520-1: Multiple laser guide stars (LGS) for multiple conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO); Katharine Jones, WBAO Consultant Group 14 August, 8:00-8:20am

For wavefront sensing and control, the most extensive use of multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics (AO) systems for extended-path aberration compensation lies with the use of multiple Laser Guide Stars (LGS) for Multiple Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO). Ground-based adaptive optics systems were initially developed by the Starfire OptiCAL RANGE (SOR). Both Rayleigh guide stars and sodium guide stars have been developed. More recently, both laser systems will be combined in the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Many other multiple LGS MCAO observatories (MMT, VLT and GeMS) are being developed. These will be compared for effective design and projected performance 8521-5: Microfossils and biomolecules in carbonaceous meteorites: implications to the origin of life on Earth; Richard Hoover, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr. 14 August, 10:00-10:30am Biomarkers, biomolecules and well-preserved remains of filaments with undeniably biological features are present in carbonaceous meteorites. High resolution visible light and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies reveal many meteorite filaments are recognizable and exhibit undeniably biological features. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) studies show they are typically enriched in carbon and rarely contain detectable nitrogen levels. This is inconsistent with nitrogen in biomolecules of living and Pleistocene microorganisms. Optical and FESEM images and EDS data will be presented and implications of the existence of extraterrestrial life to the origin of life on Earth will be discussed.