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Nanoscience
Nanoscience@Cambridge
IRC inNanotechnology
James Bendall
Nanoscience CentreIRC in Nanotechnology
University of Cambridge
Email: [email protected]: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk
Definitions
• Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ where properties differ significantly from those at larger scale.significantly from those at larger scale.
• Nanotechnology is the design, characterisation, production of and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometre scale.
Surface area
• Surface area proportional to 1/size:
Given 1cm3 of material1cm3 cube 6cm2
1m3 cubes 6m2
1nm3 cubes 6000m2
Proportion of surface atoms:1cm3 cube 1 in
107
1m3 cube 1 in 103
1nm3 cube 80%
Properties at the nanoscale - optical
Lycurgus chalice ~400AD
Diffused light Focussed light
70nm particlesof gold and silver
[Johann Kunckel ~1670, Germany]
“Nanotechnology has given us the tools…to play with the ultimate toy box of nature – atoms and molecules. Everything is made from it….The possibilities to create new things appear limitless”
Horst StormerLucent Technologies and Columbia
University, Nobel Prize winner.
Shape - synthesis
Flow rate
(50-500 sccm)
Pressure
(1-20 Torr)
Temperature
(900-1190C)
ConeCone
NanowiresNanowires
Nanowires flowersNanowires flowers
FlowersFlowers
Big catalyst flowerBig catalyst flower
Family of SiC nanostructures
GraphiteGraphite
Same element…different properties
CARBON•Soft•Electrical conductor
•Hard•Electrical insulator
•Strong•Metallic or semiconducting
•Semiconductor•Perfectly symmetrical molecule
World Funding for Nanotechnology (2004)
Source : European Commission(2004) : Private figures based on upon Lux Research
Courtesy : E. Andreta
Predicted value of Nano Industry
Many studies of the MNT industry have been carried out and have predicted the future value of business
Estimated at $1,000 million p.a. in 10 years time
It is not just the value of the MNT industry that is important, but also the economic impact MNT will have across manufacturing, the medical field, and defence
Additional annual sales of nearly $3,000 million p.a. in new or improved industrial products and medical systems are predicted through the use of MNT devices in 10 years time
Key MNT Market Areas for the UK
Healthcare and Biotechnology
Automotive and Aerospace
Information and Communications Technologies
Food and Drink
Advanced Manufacturing
Advanced Materials
Energy
Security and Environmental
• Nanomembranes for water purification, desalination, detoxification
e.g. carbon nanotube
engineering
Nanotechnology for water applications
• Nanosensors for detection of contaminants and pathogens
Nanotechnology for water applications
• Nanoporous material for water purification
Nanotechnology for water applications
• Oxide nanomaterials for pollution degradation
• Magnetic nanoparticles for water treatment and remediation
Nanotechnology for water applications