Nanoscale Science and Engineering at NSF

Mike RocoNSF and NNI

19-th NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference Alexandria, December 9-10, 2019

2010 2009

2008

2012

2011

2013

2014

2008

ICONIC NANO MOZAIC 20152018

2017

2019

Vision-inspired view of nanotechnology development

2000 - 2030

MC Roco, Dec 6 2018

a b c d

Four NTGenerations

Creativephase

Integration/Fusion phase Innovationphase

Spin-off phase

DisciplinesBottom-up& top-down

MaterialsMedical, ..Sectors

Tools &Methods

Knowledgeconfluence

Innovation spiral

New Products, Applications $30 T

2000-2030 Convergence-Divergence cycle for global nanotechnology development

Spin-off disciplines,and productive sectors

New expertise (NBIC..) New applications& business

New nanosystemarchitectures

Control of matter at

the nanoscale

Based on Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Fig. 8 (Ref 7)

Immersion in to new technology platformsAssembly of

interacting partsNew

systems

nano12000

2010

2020

2030

nano3

1999

30 year vision to develop nanotechnology in three stages changing focus and priorities

20102013

Reports available on: www.wtec.org/nano2/ and www.wtec.org/NBIC2-report/ (Refs. 3-6)

Create library of nanocomponents

2000-2010

2. Active Nanostructures

2000

nano1 Component basics

2030 New socio-economic capabilities,

2020-2030nano3 Technology divergence

To general purpose technology

2010-2020

nano2 System integration

Based on NANO 2020, Fig. 5 (Ref. 4)

1. Passive Nanostructures

3. Systems of Nanosystems

4. Molecular Nanosystems

5. NBIC TechnologyPlatforms

GENERATIONS OFNANOPRODUCTS

CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES

6. NanosystemConv. Networks

MC Roco, Nov 10 2016

Twelve global nano trends to 2020 10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/ (Ref. 4 and its summary paper)

• Theory, modeling & simulation: x1000 faster, essential design• “Direct” measurements – x6000 brighter, accelerate R&D&use• A shift from “passive” to “active” nanostructures/nanosystems• Nanosystems- some self powered,self repairing, dynamic, APM• Penetration of nanotechnology in industry - toward mass use;

catalysts, electronics; innovation– platforms, consortia• Nano-EHS – more predictive, integrated with nanobio & env.• Personalized nanomedicine - from monitoring to treatment• Photonics, electronics, magnetics – new integrated capabilities• Energy photosynthesis, storage use – solar economic • Enabling and integrating with new areas – bio, info, cognition• Earlier preparing nanotechnology workers – system integration• Governance of nano for societal benefit - institutionalization

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

NSFHHS/NIH

DHS

NRC

HHS/FDA

CPSC ITC

DOC/ USPTO

HHS/CDC/NIOSH

DOC/BIS

USDA/FS

DOEd

DODDOE

NASA

DOC/NIST

EPA

DOT

DOTr

DOJ

IC/DNI

DOS

USDA/NIFAUSDA/ARS

DOI/ USGS

OMBOSTP

DOC/EDA

DOL

U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2000-2030Other 80 countries have created nanoscale R&D programs

I. I. Nanotechnology programs: S&T divergence

OSTP

phys

chem

bioneur

2019: 31 agencies

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,00019

90

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

# o

f p

ub

licat

ion

s USAJapan

EU27

P.R. China

Korea

9

Nanotechnology publications in the WoS: 1990 - 2018“Title-abstract” search for nanotechnology by keywords for five regions

(update of NANO 2020, Fig 1 [3] )

2000-2018 Average worldwide annual growth rate ~15%U.S. ~ 20%

China ~ 43% in 2018

U.S.# ~ 30%China ~ 9% Citations ~in 2000

U.S. ~ 23% China ~ 24%

in 2010

Rapid, uneven growth per countriesU.S. contribution from ~29% in 2005 to ~20% in 2018 (about -0.7% per year)

U.S. ~ 29% China ~ 16%

in 2005

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

self-assembl*

molecular model*

STM or AFM

quantum dot*plasmonic*

microfluidic*

graphen*

optoelectronic*

proteomic*

0

900

1800

2700

3600

4500

201820172016201520142013201220112010

self-assembl* atom* model*molecular model* STM or AFMmolecular motor* quantum dot*NEMS plasmonic*metamaterials* microfluidic*spintronic* molecular system*supramolecul* fullerene*dendrimers* graphen*2D material* atom* layer depositionartificial photosynthe* cellulose fiber*optoelectronic* biophotonic*optogenetic* DNA computing

Nanotechnology publications in United States 2010 - 2018“Title-abstract” search in WoS by individual keywords: nano* + 27 (method Nano2020, Ref 3)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 journals in 2018

(about the average for last 5 years)

0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%

3 Journals Nature PNAS Science

USGermanyFranceP. R. ChinaJapan

* Each article is assigned to multiple countries if its authors have different nationalities. Therefore, the sum of percentages from five countries exceeds 100%; ** Combined Keywords

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

# o

f P

aten

ts

USAJapanEU27P.R. ChinaKoreaTotal

2000-2017 Average worldwide annual growth rate ~15%

Nanotechnology patents at USPTO: 1991-2018 “Title-abstract” search of nanotechnology by keywords (updt. Chen & Roco [7]); (data May 2019)

U.S. patent authors maintain the lead at USPTO in 2018U.S. patent authors from ~70% in 2005 to ~53% in 2017 (about -1.4% per year)

U.S. ~ 70% in 2000

U.S. ~ 70% in 2005

U.S. ~ 62% in 2010

U.S. ~ 53% in 2017

Total - allcountries

U.S.

0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%

10%11%12%13%14%15%16%

1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

NSF-

NSE

Awar

d/Pa

per/P

aten

t Per

cent

age

Year

Top 20 Journals' Nano Paper Percentage 3 Selected Journals' Nano Paper Percentage Title-claim Search's Nano Patent Percentage NSF Nano New Award Percentage #REF!

World > $ 1T (Lux Res.)

Percentage rate of penetration of nanotechnology in NSF awards, WoS papers and USPTO patents (1991-2018)

Searched by keywords in the title/abstract/claims (update Encyclopedia Nanoscience, Roco, 2016)

2012-2017 NSF grants ~ 14%

2017 Top 20 nano J. ~ 13%

2017 Top 3 Journals ~ 6.0%

2017 USPTO patents ~ 2.7%

Est. US Market / US GDP: 2014 ~ 2%; 2018 ~ 4.6%; 2020 ~ 6% (if 25% market growth rate)

Revenues market / GDP

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

US Market~ 4.6%

INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING and APPLICATIONS

www.wtec.org/NBIC2-Report; M. Roco et al.

2002

Springer 2013Foundational study

Three hierarchical stages of STI convergence

I Nanotechnology (NT) ; IT ; AI

II Foundational fields (NBICA)

III Global society oriented initiatives (CKTS)

MC. Roco, Dec 9 2019

I

II

III

Nanotechnology development also is guided by the convergence principles

A. Holistic view – Unity of matter; essential interactions; deep integration of disciplines

B. Common goal – Systematic nano-control to get target properties/functions/devices/systems

C. Dynamic pattern - Spiral convergence to nanosystems & emerging applications

D. Unifying actions - Nanosystem-logic deduction in decisions & problem solving

E. Cross-domain – Nano concepts and methodsF. Multi-tasking - Concurrent nanoscale

phenomena and processes G. Added-value - Confluence of effects leading

to novel nanosystems and applications

PRINCIPLES FORCONVERGENCE

Ref 7: “Science and technology convergence..”, JNR, 2016, 18:211

(applied to NT neural network ecosystem)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

‘Metallic wood’ has the strength of titanium and the density of water

U.Penn, UIUC, U Cambridge; Nature Scientific Reports, Jan 2019MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Motion harvesters enabled by nanomaterials

Mechanical energy harvesters convert body motion to electrical energy.• Nanostructured lead

zirconium titanite piezoelectric materialsdeposited on thin Ni foils are strained upon body motion

• ~ 150 microWatts with normal walking

Polished metal dowels

RotorBeam clamps

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Credit: ASSIST, 2019

Three-dimensional nanowiretransistor probes for intracellular recording

Charles Lieber group (Y. Zhao et al, Nature Nanotech 2019)MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

“3D Nanoprinting” architecturally complex microfluidic channels• 3D, interwoven microvessels

with inner diameters < 10 μm and wall thicknesses of 2 μm

• The smallest 3D printed microfluidic transistor (wall thicknesses = 500 nm)

University of Maryland, College Park, and the University of Utah; CMMI NM 1761395 & 1761273

Image Credit: Ryan D. Sochol Lab, University of Maryland, College ParkCaption: False-colored SEM image of eight intertwined 3D nanoprinted tubular microvessels

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

A multi-purpose, reprogrammable molecular computer

• “Self-assembly molecular computers” uses artificial DNA

• The research includes developing algorithms to perform programmable functions (similar to a standard computer)

Damien Woods et al., Maynooth University (NSF 1219274 et al)

A molecular circuit built using DNA (funding by the NSF and NASA). Photograph: Demin Liu (Molgraphics) and Damien Woods (Maynooth University) (2019) https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/monaghan-scientist-involved-in-molecular-computing-breakthrough-1.3832929

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Quantum computing breakthrough: with 53 qubits (nanostructured)

Sycamore processor (Google Oct. 2019) takes about 200s to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times— equivalent task for a state-of-the-art classical supercomputer would take approximately 10,000 years.”

• Tested only for “For a suitable computational task of sampling the output of a pseudo-random quantum circuit”; Not yet confirmed by others. Arute et al., Nature, Oct. 24, 2019

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

• Initial discovery by Supryio Datta’s team (2017) in the STARnet; C-SPIN Center; ASCENT Center, Purdue University, SRC JUMP, , K. Camsari et al.

• The nCORE NSF CAPSL center is investigating P-bits in complementaryways. CAPSL is the Purdue Center for Probabilistic Spin Logic for Low-Energy Boolean and Non-Boolean Computing.

Probabilistic Bits“Poor Man’s Qubit” shown to rival Quantum Computing

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Build an 8 "P - bit" computer using stochastic nanoscale magnets (Nature article. -18 Sept 2019). Can split alarge number into prime-number factors, a problem that only quantum computers werepreviously expected to solve efficiently.

https://www.src.org/calendar/e006710/https://rdcu.be/bRnJa

Number of NNI related I-Corps awards FY 2011-2019

5

16

2624

36

4442

36 36

0

10

20

30

40

50

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Evolution of enzymes (nanobiotechnology)

Frances Arnold, Nobel Laureate, 2018

Credit: Directed Evolution: Bringing New Chemistry to LifeFrances H. Arnold, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018 Apr 9; 57(16): 4143–4148

Using enzymes mutation and selection for fitness advantagesvia evolution one can produce novel synthetic catalysts for a sustainable chemistry/ chemical engineering

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Development of lithium-ion batteries using nanostructured composite materials

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 awarded jointly to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Picoscale science: electron dynamicsto diversify and improve nanomaterials

Electronic systems of various kind of atoms can be coupled at the picoscale level by controlling positioning of atoms.Manipulating the orbital energies of valence electrons significantly affects the nanomaterial properties

Example: Sheets of titanium oxide one-atom thick are positioned between sheets of cobalt oxide with the same thickness. The process changes the electronic configuration and magnetic properties of the cobalt oxide sheet.

(Credit: S. Lee, Phys Review Letters 117201, 2019)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

NSF Network for Computational

Nanotechnology:

Hierarchical Nanomanufacturing

Node (U. Illinois)

Layered computational tools infrastructure

U. Illinois, Award: 1720701, http://nanomfgnode.illinois.edu/ MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Examples of exploratory research

• Ferroelectric materials, topological insulators,…• Teleportation of information and quantum calculations• Atomically precise manufacturing (for quantum devices,….)• Nanodevices for AI, and AI design of nanosystems• Synthetic biology, DNA editing and replacing• Electronic & quantum biology and medicine• Hierarchical self-assembly systems that can adapt and

evolve according to environmental changes (“room at the top”)• Bottom-up agriculture (molecular food supply)• Economical solutions for medical care, distributed energy

conversion and water filtrationMC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Ex I. Nanotechnology Spin-offs

• Quantum systems - Quantum S&T 2003; NQI 2018• Metamaterials - 2004• Plasmonics – 2004• Synthetic biology - 2004• Modeling / simulation - Materials Genome Initiative 2011• Nanophotonics - National Photonics Initiative 2012• Nanofluidics • Carbon electronics • Nano sustainability • Nano wood fibers • . . . DNA nanotechnology, Protein nanotechnology,

Nanosystems-mesoscale, Quantum BIO, Nano NEUROMC. Roco, Dec 9 2019

NBIC 2001: NSF Workshop “Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nano-Bio-Information-Cognition”

NBICA 2015: add general purpose “Artificial intelligence” as a foundational emerging field

Synergistic combination of 5 foundational emerging fields from their basic elements (atoms, bits, genes, neurons, logic step) up and using similar system architecture & dynamic networking concepts, for common core goals such as learning, productivity & aging

II. Nano-Bio-Info-CognitiveConverging Technologies

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

National Robotics Initiative

National Nanotechnology Initiative(nano.gov) (with coordinating office)

Materials Genome

BRAIN Initiative(whitehouse.gov/share/brain-initiative)

National Information Technology R&D(nitrd.gov)(with coordinating office)

Biomedical /Health focus

National Strategic Computing Initiative

Converging foundational technologies (NBICA) leads to II. U.S. emerging S&T initiatives

Ref 10: “NBIC”, in Handbook of S&T Convergence, 2016

Big Data

NNI Grand Challenges

Brain

–like

Com

putin

g; S

mart

syste

ms

Precision Med

Photonics

Biology centered

Microbiome

Artificial Intelligence

Genome(s)

OSTP

Architecture, Life, Human-technology

InfoCogno Bio

Nano

AI

5G AI systems

Quantum IS

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Ex II: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (4 research ideas) • Understanding the Rules of

Life: Predicting Phenotype • Work at the Human-

Technology Frontier • Data Science

• The Quantum Leap

• Windows on the Universe: Multi-messenger Astrophysics

• Navigating the New Arctic

Ex II-III: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (2 research ideas)

What is the minimal cell?

What mechanisms of signaling are used between cells and between organisms; changes in diff. environments?

Could another set of genetic polymers be used to sustain life?

How do the same basic biochemical building blocks generate the diversity of life?

What different mechanisms enable adaptation in different environments

What are the constant mechanisms and the variable mechanisms that define life’s challenges?

Key challenge: building a synthetic cell

Ex II: Understanding the Rules of Life: Predicting Phenotype

Understanding from the nanoscale - nanobiosystems, synthetic cells MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Synthetic Neuronal Network (Caltech)

Ex II. “Understanding the Rules of Life” (NSF programs)

Signals in the soilImage credit: S. Daunert, S. Deo and E. Dikici, Dept. ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology and Dr. JT MacdonaldBiomedical Nanotechnology Institute, U. of Miami

SemiconductorsyntheticbiologyImage credit: Nicolle RagerFuller, NSF

Synthetic cellImage courtesy PLOS

MC. Roco, Dec 9 2019

Understanding from nanoscale cells & nanobiosystems

robotics

human-robot interaction

computationalneuroscience

reasoning and representation

speech and language

computer vision

data mining

information extraction

multi-agent

systems

machine learning

collaborative systems

social computing

databases

bioinformatics

visual analytics

augmented human

intelligent interfaces

Ex II: Penetration of Artificial Intelligence in NSF “core” and targeted programs

Core AI areas

Allied AI areas

Real-time learning

modernized infrastructure

smart nanosystems

transportation, navigation

AI enabled systems

materials discovery

advancedmanufacturing

mind, machine,

motor nexus

AI is a foundational S&E field, similar to NNI and ITRD MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

National AI Research Institutes (NSF, FY 2019)

•Planning grant proposals in any areas of relevant foundational and use-inspired research

•Themes of Institutes proposals• Trustworthy AI• Foundations of Machine Learning• AI-Driven Innovation in Agriculture and the Food System• AI-Augmented Learning• AI for Accelerating Molecular Synthesis & Manufacturing• AI for Discovery in Physics

•President’s AI strategy: https://www.whitehouse.gov/ai/MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Twelve challenging ideas from 2001 NBIC Report for 2030 that are in reality or in development

• Hierarchically interconnected world using nano-el. - reality in 2015• Non intrusive brain-to-brain communication – accepted• Computer Personal Advisor – Intel.Cogn.Assistant – at beginning • Brain machine and brain robotics systems – in development• From physics/chemistry to mind and education – in BRAIN R&D• Centers of leaning: for brain to education methods – in function• Regenerative medicine, Gene editing, 3-D print parts - accepted• Nano-info-biomedical developments• Proteases activated by brain - done• Education earlier for NBICA - modules• Intelligent environments – in development• ELSI community – organized in 2013Ref. 5: NBIC Report, 2003

Nature (2002): NBIC - ‘too exploratory’ “Futurists predict body swaps for planet hops”

NATURE|VOL 418 | 25 JULY 2002 |www.nature.com/nature

“Direct brain-to-brain communication and the transfer of minds between bodies seem more like the stuff of Hollywood movies than of government reports — but these are among the advances forecast in a recent report by the US National Science Foundation and Department of Commerce.”

“Improving human performance has been a dream for centuries,” says Mihail Roco, chairman of the government-funded National Nanotechnology Initiative, and lead author of the study Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance, released on 8 July — says that the convergence … may help to break those limits in the next 20 years.”

III. Global society-oriented initiatives

Convergence of Knowledge and Technology (CKTS) leads to III. U.S. global society-oriented initiatives

SunShot GC (DOE..)

Asteroid GC (NASA..)

Global Change Research Program(Global Change.gov) (with coord office)

Advanced manufacturing: National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI)

(http://www.manufacturing.gov/nnmi)

Smart and Connected Communities

Navigating the New Artic

STEAM EducationInitiative

“Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Ref 8)

Innovation

Space Station (NASA..)

Aging Population

Productivity, Sustainability, Equality, Safe

I-Corps

OSTP

MC. Roco, Dec 9 2019

Windows to Universe (NSF)

SustainabilitySocietal

Earth Human

NBICA+

• Growing Convergent Research at NSF

• NSF 2026: Seeding Innovation

• INCLUDES: Enhancing Science & Engineering through Diversity and Inclusion

• Mid-scale Research Infrastructure(I) $6M-$20M ; (II) $20M - $100M

Ex III: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (4 enabling ideas)

NSF 2026

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

NSF Convergence Accelerator

Accelerates use-inspired, convergence research from concept to deliverables in areas of national importance Employs partnerships between academic and non-academic stakeholders

• Pilots in 3 tracks– Open knowledge network– AI and future jobs– National talent ecosystem

• 43 new awards announced in FY 2019

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Ex III: WH-OSTP Industries of the Future(March 2019)

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) (incl. nanosystems)

• Advanced Manufacturing (incl. nanomanufacturing)

• Quantum Information Science (QIS) (confluence Nano)

• 5G networks (incl. using nanosystems)

• Emerging techs to help aging Americans stay independent (incl. using nanomedicine and robotics)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

NNI at NSF in 2018

I. National Nanotechnology Initiative in 2020

Sustainable Nanomanufacturing

Nanoelectronics for 2020 and

Beyond

Water Sustainability

Through Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology for Sensing

Nanotechnology Knowledge

Infrastructure

Signature Initiatives (2016~2020 ) + Grand Challenges

2018, 2019 NNI Supplements to the President’s Budget

(including NSF, NIH, DOE, …)

2016-2019; New NNI Strategic Plan to be approved in 2000by WH and

be submitted to Congress(available on www.nano.gov)

PCAST report on NNI

NAS/NRC report on NNI

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

To be replaced in 2020

NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

www.nsf.gov/nano , www.nano.gov

- FY 2019 - 2021 Budgets - various planning stages

– Fundamental research > 6,000 active projects in all NSF directorates

(annual increases ~15% first decade, then ~ constant, with qualitative changes)

– Establishing the infrastructure > 30 centers & networks, general - NNCN, NCN

– Training and education > 10,000 students and teachers/y; ~ $50M/y

FYs 2018 actual ~ $568 M (including other core programs)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Confluence of NS&E with artificial intelligence (AI)

0 1 3 3 5 2 2 3 4 6 7 7 9 916 23 16

4772

157

0

50

100

150

200

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of new NS&E with "AI" AwardsFY 2000-2019

$0

$20,000,000

$40,000,000

$60,000,000

$80,000,000

$100,000,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

New nano amount for NS&E with "AI" awardsFY 2000-2019

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

26 4667 100

133190

241300 314

387454

511588

649 670710

752 721 704

0

200

400

600

800

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Number of active nanomedicine awards in all categories: FY 2000-2018

$0$20,000,000$40,000,000$60,000,000$80,000,000

$100,000,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Nano amounts for active nanomedicine awards in all categories: FY 2000 - 2018

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

AK 4; AL 84; AR 40; AZ 130; CA 788; CO 149; CT 93; DC 62; DE 70; FL 215; GA 188; HI 10; IA 71; ID 24; IL 345; IN 220; KS 48; KY 31; LA 63; MA 429; MD 167; ME 10; MI 228; MN 91; MO 111; MS 31; MT 18; NC 229; ND 10; NE 48; NH 30; NJ 178; NM 50; NV 22; NY 555; OH 241; OK 44; OR 74; PA 442; PR 19; RI 77; SC 71; SD 21; TN 89; TX 423; UT 74; VA 163; VT 17; WA 131; WI 98; WV 19; WY 8

NSF’s NS&E number active awards per stateFY 2019: Total Active Awards = 6,853

#1 CA 788 awards in 2019

Awards in Nano with International Activity (21%)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

NSF’s NS&E amount new awards per capitaFYs 2000 - 2019: U.S. average ~ $44 /capita

#1 MA $159 / capita (2000-2019)2018: ~ 7,000 active awards

(abstracts on www.nsf.gov/nano)

AK 6.23; AL 41.27; AR 36.96; AZ 48.11; CA 50.55; CO 73.19; CT 43.72; DC 149.06; DE 110.97; FL 14.81; GA 30.50; HI 4.9; IA 29.22; ID 24.28; IL 65.30; IN 55.65; KS 29.92; KY 19.49; LA 21.14; MA 158.89; MD 52.51; ME 10.76; MI 41.02; MN 41.65; MO 20.91; MS 34.99; MT 34.41; NC 48.49; ND 35.07; NE 67.61; NH 40.12; NJ 34.12; NM 39.49; NV 10.52; NY 77.11; OH 39.19; OK 21.08; OR 35.23; PA 68.01; PR 27.32; RI 108.76; SC 25.73; SD 62.70; TN 21.28; TX 28.18; UT 38.15; VA 35.22; VT 28.88; WA 35.59; WI 53.24; WV 26.12; WY 30.98

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Several future trends• Hierarchical, modular, NBICA manufacturing

• Sustainability nanotechnology: recyclability, W, En, F

• Gene editing in medicine, agriculture, energy

• Brain–to-brain and -machine communication

• Quantum entanglement, communication and computing

• NT for smart systems: general purpose AI and IA

• Convergence with other foundational technologies to accelerate discovery to create new emerging S&T platforms for societal progress and sustainability

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Related publications1. “Coherence and Divergence of Megatrends in Science and Engineering”

(Roco, JNR, 2002)2. “Nanotechnology: Convergence with Modern Biology and Medicine”,

(Roco, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2003) 3. NANO1: “Nanotechnology research directions: Vision for the next decade”

(Roco, Williams & Alivisatos, WH, 1999, also Springer, 316p, 2000)4. NANO 2020: “Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in

2020” (Roco, Mirkin & Hersam, Springer, 690p, 2011a)5. NBIC: “Converging technologies for improving human performance: nano-

bio-info-cognition” (Roco & Bainbridge, Springer, 468p, 2003)6. CKTS: “Convergence of knowledge, technology and society: Beyond

NBIC” (Roco, Bainbridge, Tonn & Whitesides; Springer, 604p, 2013b) 7. The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of

knowledge, technology and society” (Roco & Bainbridge, JNR 2013a, 15)8. “Principles and methods that facilitate convergence” (Roco, Springer

Reference, Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence, 2015) 9. “Science and technology convergence, with emphasis for

nanotechnology-inspired convergence” (Bainbridge & Roco, JNR, 2016)10. HSTC: “Handbook of Science and Technology Convergence”

(Bainbridge & Roco, Springer Reference, 2016)

(4 re

ports

with

R&D

reco

mm

enda

tions

for 2

020)

NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference

Alexandria, December 9-10, 2019

www.nseresearch.org/2019/

RESERVES

Science and technology convergence (Ref 6: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society”, Springer, 2013)

Convergence approach: - the deep integration of knowledge, tools, domains, and

modes of thinking, driven by unifying concepts and common goal,

- to form new frameworks, paradigms or systems,

- from where emerge novel pathways, opportunities & frontiers for problem solving and progress.

Convergence science – Creating or changing a system for a goal based on 10 theories, 7 convergence principles, and specific methods (Ref 7-10)

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Ex III: Convergence characterization in research and education (at NSF, 2017-2020)

www.nsf.gov/od/oia/convergence/index.jsp

Convergence is the (intentional) deep integration of knowledge, techniques, and expertise to form new and expanded frameworks for addressing scientific and societal challenges and opportunities, with two primary characteristics:1. Deep integration across disciplines, from which new

frameworks, paradigms or disciplines can form from sustained interactions across multiple communities.

2. Driven by a specific and compelling challenge or opportunity, whether it arises from deep scientific questions or pressing societal needs.

Ex: GCR; Upstream: Germination; Downstream: Innovation Corps; CORE; from Up- to Down-stream: Convergence Accelerators

MC Roco, Dec 9 2019

Ex III. NSF “INCLUDES” - Development Launch Pilots Example: The 50K Coalition (NSF 17-522)

50K Coalition Partners- 30 colleges and universities- 21 professional engineering

societies- 3 community colleges- 5 corporations

Goal: Produce 50,000 diverse engineering graduates by 2025

Utilizing a Systems ApproachDesigned for ChangeAction Network Groups•Undergraduate Support and Retention•Public Awareness/Marketing•Funding and Financial Support•K-12 Support•Community College Linkages•Culture/Climate•Data Council

8

A part of the NSF INCLUDES National Network MC. Roco, Dec 9 2019

16 NNCI Sites13 Partners 17 States

68 Facilities>2000 Tools

NSF Funded2015-2020$81M total

A cyber ecosystem for science

Slide Number 12010Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES Twelve global nano trends to 2020 10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/ (Ref. 4 and its summary paper)Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 journals in 2018 (about the average for last 5 years)Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Contents�Convergence of Knowledge integrative approach� ‘Metallic wood’ has the strength of titanium and the density of water �Motion harvesters enabled by nanomaterials Three-dimensional nanowire�transistor probes for intracellular recording“3D Nanoprinting” architecturally complex microfluidic channelsA multi-purpose, reprogrammable �molecular computer Quantum computing breakthrough: with 53 qubits (nanostructured) Probabilistic Bits“Poor Man’s Qubit” shown to rival Quantum Computing� Number of NNI related I-Corps awards FY 2011-2019 Evolution of enzymes (nanobiotechnology) Development of lithium-ion batteries using nanostructured composite materials Picoscale science: electron dynamics� to diversify and improve nanomaterialsNSF Network for Computational Nanotechnology:�� Hierarchical Nanomanufacturing Node (U. Illinois)� Examples of exploratory researchEx I. Nanotechnology Spin-offs NBIC 2001: NSF Workshop “Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nano-Bio-Information-Cognition” ��NBICA 2015: add general purpose “Artificial intelligence” as a foundational emerging field ��Synergistic combination of 5 foundational emerging fields from their basic elements (atoms, bits, genes, neurons, logic step) up and using similar system architecture & dynamic networking concepts, for common core goals such as learning, productivity & agingSlide Number 32Ex II: 2016- NSF 10 Big Ideas (4 research ideas) Slide Number 34Ex II. “Understanding the Rules of Life” (NSF programs) Slide Number 36National AI Research Institutes �(NSF, FY 2019)Twelve challenging ideas from 2001 NBIC Report for 2030 that are in reality or in developmentNature (2002): NBIC - ‘too exploratory’ “Futurists predict body swaps for planet hops”Slide Number 40Convergence of Knowledge and Technology (CKTS) leads to III. U.S. global society-oriented initiatives Slide Number 42NSF Convergence AcceleratorEx III: WH-OSTP Industries of the Future�(March 2019)Slide Number 45I. National Nanotechnology Initiative in 2020 NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)� www.nsf.gov/nano , www.nano.gov Confluence of NS&E with artificial intelligence (AI)Slide Number 49Slide Number 50Slide Number 51Several future trendsRelated publicationsSlide Number 54RESERVES�Science and technology convergence �(Ref 6: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society”, Springer, 2013)�Slide Number 57Ex III. NSF “INCLUDES” - Development Launch Pilots Example: The 50K Coalition (NSF 17-522)National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI)A cyber ecosystem for science