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EditorialNanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion andStorage Technologies
Suresh Kannan Balasingam ,1 Karthick Sivalingam Nallathambi ,2
Mohammed Hussain Abdul Jabbar ,3 Ananthakumar Ramadoss ,4
Sathish Kumar Kamaraj ,5 and Manab Kundu 6
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim 7491, Norway2Electrochemical Materials and Devices Lab, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA4Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastic Engineering andTechnology (CIPET), Bhubaneshwar 751024, India5Laboratory of the Sustainable Environment, Technological Institute of El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL)/National TechnologicalInstitute of Mexico (TecNM), Aguascalientes C.P. 20330, Mexico6Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Suresh Kannan Balasingam; [email protected]
Received 20 December 2018; Accepted 20 December 2018; Published 11 April 2019
Copyright © 2019 Suresh Kannan Balasingam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original workis properly cited.
In this modern era, our society faces a serious energy crisisdue to increasing human population. Energy consumptionstarts from small-scale electronic gadgets to high power con-suming electric vehicles. To supply power on demand,researchers focus on alternative renewable energy resourcesincluding solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geother-mal energy, and bioenergy. Effectively, energy conversionand storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, second-ary batteries, supercapacitors, and other self-powered sys-tems are under rigorous investigation. The efficient energyconversion and storage performance of those technologiesrely on material properties of their electrode, electrolyte,and other device components. It is recently known thatnanostructuring of device components leads to enhancedefficiency in terms of robustness and reliability of the energyconversion and storage systems. Moreover, the nanostruc-tured materials have attracted great interest due to theirunique physicochemical and electrochemical properties.Hence, the utilization of such materials in nanodimensionswill create enormous impact on the efficiency of various
energy conversion and storage devices. The main objectiveof this special issues is to identify the significant researchparadigms of nanomaterials and their potential impacts onapplications. In particular, focus of this issue is on the syn-thesis and characterization of nanostructured materials forvarious applications such as supercapacitors, batteries,photoelectrochemical, and thermal enhancement systems.
The highlights of the published articles are summarizedas follows. In this special issue, Y. Yuan et al. synthesizedthe porous activated carbon materials from Pleurotuseryngii-based biomass material via carbonization, followedby KOH activation and utilized it for supercapacitor appli-cations. The as-prepared activated carbon presented a largespecific area with high porosity which exhibited a maximumspecific capacitance of 195 F g-1 with 93% capacitance reten-tion after 15000 cycles. It is known that Pleurotus eryngii isone of the readily available sources of carbon materials,potentially suitable for supercapacitor applications. Also, thisbiomass can be the resource for development of porous acti-vated carbon for other energy conversion and storage devices
HindawiJournal of NanomaterialsVolume 2019, Article ID 1089842, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1089842
in the future. Further, B.-X. Zou et al. synthesized hierarchi-cal porous N, O-doped carbon composites by combining lowmolecular weight phenol resin and silk fibers in various com-binations using a hydrothermal method and carbonizationprocess. The as-prepared electroactive materials showed alow resistance and good surface area with hierarchical poros-ity. The low molecular phenol resin and silk fiber combina-tion increases the surface area and enhanced the electrontransport within the active materials. The fabricated symmet-ric device delivered a maximum energy density of 7.4Whkg-1 and power density of 90.1W kg−1 using aqueouselectrolyte.
L. T. N. Huynh et al. prepared the LiFePO4@carbon com-posite material by hydrothermal method followed by thermaltreatment for lithium-ion battery application. The differentcalcination processes did not affect the olivine structure;however, the surface morphology, the quality of carbon coat-ing, and the electrochemical properties were significantlychanged. The sample annealed at 700°C showed a good spe-cific capacity of 170mAh g-1 and the decent cyclic stability upto 120 cycles due to an optimum amount of carbon coatingover olivine material. In another lithium-ion battery article,P. M. Nogales et al. developed a new method to estimatethe ageing evaluation of Li-ion batteries in a shorter time.The authors present the numerical analysis method usingcolumbic efficiency and capacity loss rate that could deter-mine the cyclic stability of electrode material within a shorterevaluation time.
Y. Liu and coworkers investigated the effect of surfacedefects density of zinc oxide films on the photoelectrochem-ical water splitting reaction. The surface defect density of zincoxide photoanodes was tuned by annealing the electrodes atvarious temperatures. The surface photovoltage of ZnOfilms was obtained by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Thesample annealed at 450°C showed minimum surface photo-voltage, which confirmed that the low surface defect densitysample showed enhancement in photoelectrochemical wateroxidation. The applied bias photon-to-current efficiency ofannealed ZnO photoanode reached to 0.237%, about 7.4times higher than that of unannealed ZnO photoanode. Thiswork provided a potential method to design innovativephotoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
S. Razvarz et al. performed the experimental research onthermal enhancement related to the heat pipe (with Al2O3nanopowder) at different title angle. The important observa-tion is the increase in heat transfer coefficient with theincreasing heat flux of the evaporator. While adding Al2O3nanoparticles to pure water, the thermal efficiency of the heatpipe enhanced considerably. Optimizing the quantity of theAl2O3 nanopowder assists in thermal efficiency enhance-ment. Also, the heat pipe thermal efficiency enhanced withincreasing nanoparticle concentrations and tilt angles.
Conflicts of Interest
We declare that there is no conflict of interests or privateagreement with companies regarding our work for thisspecial issue. We have no financial relationship through
employment, consultancies, and either stock ownership orhonoraria with industry.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all the contributed authors andreferees of this special issue, also grateful to the editorialboard for the smoother process flow and rapid publication.The lead editor would like to thank all the editors for theirtime spent in reviewing and assigning reviewers for the sub-mitted manuscripts.
Suresh Kannan BalasingamKarthick Sivalingam Nallathambi
Mohammed Hussain Abdul JabbarAnanthakumar RamadossSathish Kumar Kamaraj
Manab Kundu
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