Upload
dorthy-caldwell
View
222
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nanocharacterization:Nanocharacterization:Goals, Challenges, and SolutionsGoals, Challenges, and Solutions
John Henry J. Scott
Microanalysis Research Group
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop
January 27, 2004
Levels of NanostructureLevels of Nanostructure
moleculesproteins
supramolecular complexesribosomes
organellesmitochondria
cellsliver cell
tissuesliver
1-10 nm 10-100 nm 100 nm - 1 m 1-10 m macro
3D structure
3D elemental
3D chemical
3D propertiesWant to Know
Supramolecular ComplexesSupramolecular Complexes
integrins mediate extra-cellular matrix interactions
tissue engineering
cancer
apoptosis
metastasize
Supramolecular ComplexesSupramolecular Complexes
mutant Ras found in 50% of all human
cancers
mutant Ras found in 90% of pancreatic
cancers
GPCRs
60% of all drugs
$60B/year
Protein MisfoldingProtein Misfolding
Dec 25, 2003
Disease Misfolded Protein
Alzheimer's amyloid
Parkinson's -Synuclein
Creutzfeld-Jakob,
mad-cow, kuru, scrapie...
(TSEs)
Prion protein (PrPsc)
Huntington's,
spinocerebellar ataxiasGlu repeats
MD, CF, ... various
rough ER
co-translational
importprotein sorting
& transport
Tissue EngineeringTissue Engineering
• $½ trillion per year lost to tissue damage• Liver transplants
• in US between 1987 and 1989
• 4,166 transplants (1,887 patients died)
• after 5 years, total cost = $960 million
• estimated cost of engineered liver = $50,000• plus $2,000/year for 5 years follow-up
• tissue-engineered artificial liver currently under development• outside the body• for temporary use
• Diabetes• cost = $120 billion/year
• artificial pancreas demonstrated experimentally
• estimated cost = $20,000
ChallengePossible Solution
coherent research, leverage
roadmapping
more info neededmultiple modalities,
multispectral, hyperspectral
extract knowledge, understanding from data
multivariate analysis, chemometrics
data integration informatics, XML
public concern, fear education, success
• infrastructure• standards• rôle for NIST?
EELS and EDS in the AEMEELS and EDS in the AEM
Upper Pole Piece
Lower Pole Piece
carbon substrate
copper grid bar
EDS Detector Snout
To EELS Spectrometer
bremsstrahlung
x-rays
Hyperspectral AnalysisHyperspectral Analysis
• guaranteed spatial registration of datasets• complementary information about the sample
x
y
E
x
y
E
EELS EDS
Multiple ModalitiesMultiple Modalities
Get data into and out of the system
ImportExport
Analyze Register
Fuse
Quantify
VisualizeData
Management
Analyze raw data and intermediate results:chemometricsclassificationSegmentationetc…
Image registration:- resolution matching,- aligning.
Map images to concentration
Integrate data from multiple modalities:Morphing,mapping
Flexible data visualization, presentation
Storing and accessing images and descriptive characteristics
Data FusionData Fusion
PVC/PMMA blend XPS+LSCMPVC/PMMA blend XPS+LSCM
bottom(LSCM)
top(XPS)
activeknowledge
mesh
Julia Fulghum, Univ New Mexico
XML and InformaticsXML and Informatics
SampleComposition
InstrumentData
AnalyticalConditions
SpectrumData
SpectrumData
k-ratiosIntensitiesMLLSQ
ZAF(z)
MonteCarlo