Nano November 09

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DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials

CONTENTS 1. Editorial. 2. The South African Nanotechnology Initiative Student Chapter. 3. Report on the National Workshop on the Development of MSc Nanoscience Curriculum. 4. Wits Inaugurates New Nanoscale Transport Physics Laboratory. 5. Prof. Viness Pillay’s Inaugural Lecture: Breaking Barriers in Neuro- Nanopharmaceutics 6 ICPCNanoNet Project 7. South African Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Summer School. 8. Seminar on the Development of the Nanobioscience Curriculum. 9. Applying Nanotechnology to Gene Therapy for Treatment of Serious Viral Infections. 10. Post Doctoral Position in Nanotechnology at Wits 11. List of Forthcoming Nano–Conferences

Editorial This coming month will be a hectic month for many in the nano community. In Gauteng three nanoschools are to be held in late November. On top of that we have the meeting at UWC to investigate the feasibility of commencing a MSc course in Nanobioscience. And of course the inauguration of the SANi student chapter takes place this month as well. Plenty of action within this thriving community. Let us hope the 2010 SA budget that was announced this week will not impact on science and in particular in the nanoscience/technology arena this coming year. The shortfall in tax collection will mean tighter ‘soft’ money but hopefully ‘soft’ will not be interpreted as ‘research funding’. Remember – if you have contributions for the newsletter; please send to Patience. She is a great hustler and has really worked hard to get the articles in this newsletter. But anyone with something to add and to make this a mouthpiece of the community will be gratefully accepted. Neil Coville

Volume 6, November 2009 Edited by: Patience Iyuke Co-edited by: Neil Coville & Tanya Capecchi

DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials Phone: 011 717 6873 Fax: 011 717 6830 Email: [email protected]

University of Witwatersrand

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The South African Nanotechnology Initiative Student Chapter The South African Nanotechnology Initiative (SANi) Student Chapter will be launched on the 24th November 2009 at the Farm Inn Lodge, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa at 17h00. The launching will take place during the South African Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Summer School event that will take place on the 22nd - 2nd December 2009. The student chapter will be managed by the students in accordance with the vision of the SANi. While the SANi has identified an interim committee of the student chapter, the formation of a constitutionally elected committee will take place during the official launching of the student chapter. The constitution of the student chapter which bears the vision and objectives the student chapter will be presented during the event. The programme of the launch will be issued at the nanoschool. Post graduate students involved in nanoscience and nanotechnology (e.g. engineering, physical sciences, biotechnology, medicine etc) are encouraged to participate in the nanoschool and the launching of the student chapter. Students are encouraged to avail themselves or send nominations to any member of the interim committee. Interim Committee: Sabelo Mhlanga (chair); [email protected] Ntombi Mathe (secretary); [email protected] James Ramontja; [email protected] Nikiwe Kunjuzwa; [email protected] Thabo Gcwabaza; [email protected] Batsirai Magunje; [email protected] Submitted by Sabelo Mhlanga

Report on the National Workshop on the Development of MSc Nanoscience Curriculum. The workshop on the Development of MSc Nanoscience Curriculum was held in Room 1.35 Physics Building, University of the Western Cape, on Thursday 17 September 2009 from 10.00 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1.0 Aims and objective of the workshop The MSc Nanoscience programme is envisaged to have a national outlook and as a result every effort would be made to include and engage, as much as possible, all the nanoscience expertise within the country in the development and implementation of the MSc curriculum (including the delivery of lectures, performing of laboratory work and supervision of projects and internships).




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This is in recognition of the fact that there are several researchers and lecturers all across the country who specialize in various aspects of nanoscience. The programme is also expected to address the nanoscience skill needs of local industries and institutions (e.g. health, water and environment), which requires the participation of this class of stakeholders in the development of the nanoscience curriculum. The first national workshop focused on the engagement of academic and research institutions in the development of the MSc Nanoscience curriculum. The objectives of the workshop were to: (i) Properly inform the nanoscience community in South Africa about the intended MSc Nanoscience degree and request their full participation in the development of the curriculum. (ii) Assess the interest of the nanoscience community in participating in the development and delivery of the nanoscience programme. (iii) Initiate discussions on, and prepare an outline of, the general structure and content of the MSc curriculum. (iv) Form a National Working Committee on the MSc Nanoscience programme. 2.0 Participants Invitation were sent out to the heads of nanoscience research groups at universities and research institutes across the county including the University of Cape Town, University of Free State, University of Johannesburg, University of Kwazulu-Natal, University of Pretoria, Rhodes University, Stellenbosch University, University of Witwatersrand (WITS), University of Zululand, CSIR, Element 6. ITHEMBA LABS, MINTEK and National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA). In addition, an open invitation to the workshop was published in the September issue of Nano Newsletter published by Prof Neil Coville’s group at WITS. Of the 35 persons invited from outside the University of Western Cape (UWC), 16 people representing chemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, materials science and physics attended the conference. 16 UWC delegates from biotechnology, chemistry, medical biosciences and physics departments also attended the workshop. 3.0 Presentations at the workshop 3.1 Opening of workshop The workshop was opened by The UWC Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic Affairs), Prof R. Bharuthram, who spoke on the prioritization of nanoscience education and research in the new Institutional Operational Plan of UWC.




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In his presentation titled ‘Introduction to nanoscience centre’, Mr J. Molapisi from DST informed the workshop that the nanoscience centre was established to focus on nanoscience education, as part of the South African National Nanotechnology Strategy which included the establishment of the Nanotechnology Innovation Centres, Nanotechnology Equipment Programme, Nanotechnology Flagship Projects and the Nanocentre for Africa at the iThemba Laboratories. Dr L. Petrik gave the historical perspective of the UWC Nanoscience Centre including the fact-finding visits to three European institutions offering MSc degree programmes in nanoscience. The institutions visited were NEEL Institute at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)-Joseph Fourier University (UJF) Grenoble, France; CIVEN (Coordinamento Interuniversiterio Veneto per le Nanotechnologie) Venice, Italy; and Nanometer Structure Consortium at Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Dr Malik Maaza who is the Director of the Nanocentre for Africa at the iThemba Laboratories made a presentation on the status of nanoscience research in Africa and the role of the centre in nanoscience education across Africa and in the development of a network of nanoscience practitioners within the continent.

3.2 Keynote address by Prof Dan Hessman The Keynote address of the workshop was given by Prof Dan Hessman from the Nanometer Structure Consortium at Lund University and the Director of the MSc Nanoscience programme. In his presentation titled, ‘Nanoscience Education at Lund University’, Prof Hessman informed the delegates that the Lund MSc Engineering Nanoscience degree programme was launched in 2003 as part of the education programme of the Nanometer Structure Consortium of the Faculty of Engineering. The MSc programme was initially conceived as a 5-year programme which included a 3-year undergraduate nanoscience component. Later the 2-year MSc programme was developed to cater for those who already have BSc degree in science and engineering. The Lund curriculum has an interdisciplinarity foundation followed by specialisation in nanobiomed, nanomaterials, nanoelectronics and nanophysics.

4.1 Philosophical framework Prof E. Iwuoha presented the ‘Framework of the UWC Prospective MSc Nanoscience degree’. The workshop was informed that the framework was based on an interdisciplinarity philosophical approach that would allow students to think across domains and appreciate the unique recent developments in nanoscience. In addition the programme framework should be based on the required knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs) and learning goals shared by academia and industry. Accordingly, the UWC Nanoscience Centre was conceptualised as a strategic vehicle that would enable the development of a distributed and emerging nanoscience education community. In this regard the MSc Nanoscience degree programme would be based at UWC but




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would be developed and implemented by a concerted national effort. Such combination of effort from different institutions was found to be one of the accepted models for offering MSc nanoscience degree. For example, the participating institutions in the Grenoble MSc Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (MSc N2) degree programme include UJF, the Grenoble INP (Grenoble Institute of Technology), CEA (Centre for Atomic Energy, Grenoble), the CNRS, ILL (Institut Laue-Langevin) and other major research centres in Grenoble. Also the CIVEN MSc programme at Venice Italy, aptly called the Interuniversity MSc Nanotechnology (IMN), was jointly established in 2003 by University of Padova, University Ca'Foscari of Venezia and the University of Verona and it is funded by the Veneto Regional Government in Italy.

4.2 Prospective outline of the nanoscience programme (i) Degree: MSc Nanoscience (awarded by UWC). (ii) Composition: 50/50 research and course work. (iii) Graduates should be able to proceed to PhD or work in industry as nanotechnologists or be entrepreneurs. (iv) Curriculum Strategy: The curriculum should consist of an interdisciplinary nanoscience foundation followed by specialisation in Nanobiomed, Nanochem or Nanophysics. Course delivery will be implemented through a formal engagement of a pool of lecturers and use of facilities from national universities, research institutes, national facilities as well as international invitations. 4.3 Prospective curriculum content The development and sorting of curriculum ideas were managed by Prof Jasper Rees. This process involved all the delegates at the workshop and led to the identification of prospective topics to be included in the envisaged areas of specialisations of the MSc nanoscience degree, namely, Nanobiomed, Nanochem and Nanophysics. The suggested curriculum topics agreed by workshop are listed below.




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Table of suggested topics for the MSc Nanoscience Curriculum

Specialization Topics Content Description/Comments

Basics of Nanoscience

Introduction: what is nanoscience?

History, nature and development of nanoscience. Properties of nanomaterials

Types of nanomaterials

Nano-tubes, -rod, particles, etc.

Different fields of nanoscience.

Interdisciplinarity

Practical matters

Sources of information and nanoscience literature

Principles and techniques of nanoscience

Analytical approaches Synthetic approaches Research methodology Experimental protocols

Application of nanoscience

Materials and nanotechnology

Mathematics For Nanoscience

Modelling and Computation

Bridging courses

Introduction to Biology, physics and chemistry

Applications of Nanoscience

Devices and Nanotechnology

SA landscape, Current devices and possibilities (Engineering – Requirements)

Nanoscience and Society

Ethics Safety Toxicology Regulation Standards

Environmental protection, Public awareness , Gov-ernment policy, Monitor-ing, Networks, Funding, Job opportunity

Nano-Business Entrepreneurship Commercialization Marketing Innovation Skills IP Issues

Management Financial Planning (E Learning) Seminars by Experts Patenting




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Nanobiomed Fundamentals of bio-nanotechnology

Physiological, cellular, biological, etc.

Effect of nano-systems in vivo/vitro procedures .

Nanomedicine Techniques for nanomedicines

Drug Delivery systems Medical Devices Regenerative Medicine Bio-Sensors/Diagnostics

Characterisation of nanosystems

Biological, Physico – chemical characteriza-tion of nanosystems nvitvo/vivo Correlation (Parameters & Techniques)

Other topics Bio-electronics

Biomimetics

Social issues Safety, Toxicology & Ethical issues

Professional issues

Registration Requirements

Nanochemistry Introduction to Nanochemistry

Role of chemistry in nanoscience and technology

Synthesis of nanomaterials

Inorganic Organic

Typical examples Techniques

Characterization Spectroscopy Microscopy Physical Techniques

FTIR, NMR, TEM, SEM, UV – VIS, XPS, XRD, AFM Chemical

Electrochemistry

Structure Electron transport Size

Applications Energy Devices Fuel cell Lithium Super capacitors Catalysis

Health

Sensors Water Catalysis Mining & Minerals

Beneficiation Materials and manufacturing Chemical processes

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5.0 Other decisions of the workshop (i) Formation of the National Working Committee (NWC) on the MSc Nanoscience programme (ii) All the delegates at the conference voted unanimously to constitute the NWC.




Nanophysics

Physics for non physicists

Quantum Physics Solid State physics and chemistry Surface science Properties of nanomaterials

Basic theories, principles and examples.

Introduction to analytical methods

Microscopy Electron microscope based measurements ( TEM, SEM) Atomic force microscopy.

Spectroscopy FTIR, Raman; XRD.

Fabrication /synthesis

Physical methods for producing nanomaterials and nanostructures. Soft materials.

Carbon nanotubes, semi-conductors, plastic and polymers, etc

Quantum mechanics

Schrödinger equa-tions, wave functions for various systems, tunnelling in nanomaterials.

Nanotubes, nanorods, particles.

Analytic techniques

Microscopy Photon based Techniques Surface science (FTIR, Raman, XRD, etc)

Properties of nanomaterials

Physical properties Conductivity, thermal properties, electronic properties, etc.

Nanoelectronics/ Nanophotonics

Plastic electronics, LCDs, physical sensors

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(iii) The prospective curriculum content was discussed and approved as the working document for the development of the MSc programme. (iv) Representatives of industries and other interest groups should be invited to participate in the curriculum development process in order to incorporate their nanoscience knowledge, skills and materials requirements in the MSc programme. 6.0 Time line for the 2011 launching of the MSc programme (i) February – December 2009: Curriculum development workshops, curriculum drafting and curriculum presentation seminar/workshop. (ii) 28 February 2010: Submission of curriculum for Senate approval. (iii) January 2010: Appointment of Director and other staff of the Nanoscience Centre. (iv) March - August 2010: Finalisation of Memorandum of Understanding with Universities and Institutions that will participate in the nanoscience programme. (v) October 2010: Approval of MSc Nanoscience degree programme by the Department of Higher Education. (vi) January 2010 – December 2010: Identification of and planning for laboratory facilities required for the MSc programme. (vii) January 2011: Implementation of the MSc programme.

Prof Ramashwar Bharuthram: Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) Prof Emmanuel Iwuoha: Chairperson Steering Committee, Centre for Nanoscience Steering Committee Members of the Centre for Nanoscience: Prof Donald Cowan, Prof Emmanuel I. Iwuoha, Prof Basil Julies, Prof Dirk Knoesen, Dr Lindiwe Khotseng, Dr Leslie Petrik, Prof Jasper Rees and Chyril Abrahams (Administrative Assistant). Contacts - Tel: 021 959 3054; Fax: 021 959 1562; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Submitted by Prof. Emmanuel Iwuoha (UWC )




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Wits Inaugurates New Nanoscale Transport Physics Laboratory

Prof. B. Bozzoli, the Deputy Vice Chancellor Research of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) officially inaugurated the new “Nanoscale Transport Physics Laboratory on Thursday, 22nd October 2009. The event which took place in the School of Physics, Wits was presided over by Prof. J. Rodrigues, the Head of School of Physics. The Dean of the Faculty of Science, Prof Andrew Crouch, emphasized the importance of rejuvenating research efforts in the Faculty of Science, particularly in the School of Physics.

Prof. B. Bozzoli and Prof. S. Bhattacharyya during the

inauguration of the Nanoscale Transport Physics Laboratory (Photo: Douglas Clark)

At the inauguration ceremony of the laboratory, Prof Somnath Bhattacharyya, head of the new lab gratefully acknowledged the financial support from the Wits University Research Office (URC), School of Physics, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence and CSIR-NLC. Prof Bhattacharrya mentioned that the facilities in the laboratory are to be used to conduct research in carbon-based nano electronics and spintronics. He hoped in the future to convert it to a National Centre for Nano-electronics.

Guests were then taken on a tour of the laboratory and introduced to the new research facilities. Demonstrations were given on the instruments used in the laboratory, for example, the Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition equipment (HFCVD) is used for research in nano material synthesis; the High Field Measurement System, used for sample characterization; the PNA




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Network Analyser, used for high frequency measurements; and the Semiconductors device Analyser, used for electronic characterization of semi-conductor devices amongst others. The tour was concluded with explanations on some of the recent results stemming from this laboratory such as the “prediction of the first carbon tunnel diode, measurement of magneto-resistance at high field and low temperatures of metal-filled carbon nanotubes and the first measurements of angle-dependent magneto-resistance at 300mk showing high mobility in nanoscystalline diamond films”. Patience Iyuke

Prof. Viness Pillay’s Inaugural Lecture: Breaking Barriers in Neuro-Nanopharmaceutics Prof. Yunus Ballim, Chairman and Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academic cordially invites you to an Inaugural Lecture to be delivered by Prof. Viness Pillay from the School of Therapeutic Sciences entitled Breaking Barriers in Neuro-nanopharmaceutics: The Unnerving Thought of ‘Matter over Mind’. There is an unlimited potential for growth in knowledge based societies in neurotherapeutic drug delivery research with global benefits. This lecture will highlight the need for merging the fundamentals of Polymeric Science and Nanotechnology with Clinical Neuroscience to design and synthesize metamorphic scaffold-like implantable devices that would penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier and feed drug into brain tissue over a prolonged period of time for the effective treatment of NDs. Date: Thursday, 12 November 2009 Time: 17:30 for 18:00 Venue: Marie Curie Lecture Theatre, Wits Medical School, Parktown More info: Michelle Scorgie-Gallant on (011) 717-1194 or email [email protected]

ICPCNanoNet Project ICPCNanoNet is a 4-year project, funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, which aims to provide wider access to published nanoscience and nanotechnology research and opportunities for collaboration between organisations and scientists in the EU and International Cooperation Partner Countries (ICPC).




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Plans are underway for the 2nd annual workshop to be held in Beijing, China from the 14th -15th June 2010. Work has also commenced on the second set of annual reports on N&N in ICPC regions. If you are a researcher or part of an N&N organisation and would like your details to be registered on our networking database, contact the Project Coordinator, Lesley Tobin: [email protected] Read the latest research articles from NanoAfNet on the publications archive: www.nanoarchive.org and upload your own peer-reviewed papers. For further information on ICPCNanonet, please visit the project websites: www.ICPC-nanonet.org or email [email protected] Your involvement in the ICPCNanoNet project will help increase networking opportunities for nano-stakeholders across the globe. Source: Lesley Tobin, Institute of Nanotechnology, UK.

South African Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Summer School Aim The vision for the South African nanoscience and nanotechnology school is to create a pool of nanoscientists sufficiently trained to conduct nanoscience research. The theme for 2009 is “addressing the fundamentals of nanoscience and advanced applications in the field of health and water” The school will focus on training aspirant and experienced scientists from all corners of the globe, on the frontiers and fundamentals of nanoscience and the application of the technology in the field of water and health. The school will bring together experts in the field to present courses, covering topics in physics, chemistry, life sciences, advanced materials characterization, electronics and fabrication techniques. Participants will have an opportunity for hands-on experience in characterization techniques. In addition discussions and debates on very interesting topics such as Health, Safety and Ethics of Nanotechnology will be held. Date: 22 Nov – 2 Dec 2009 Venue: Farm Inn Lodge, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa Further Information: Ms. Thereza Botha t: +27 (0)12 807 0869 School Organizer f: +27 (0)12 807 1699 e: [email protected] www.sananoschool2009.co.za Submitted by: Refilwe Ngoata (DST)




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Seminar on the Development of the Nanobioscience Curriculum The Centre for Nanoscience at the University of Western Cape invites you to a Seminar on the Development of the Nanobioscience Curriculum for MSc Nanoscience Degree. The seminar is intended to articulate aspects of nanobiology, nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine that should be central to the nanobioscience curriculum. Date of Seminar: Friday 20 November, 2009. Time: 10.30 am - 2.30 p.m. Venue: Room 1.35, Physics Building, University of Western Cape. The Guest Speakers are: Prof Marc Block, Albert Bonniot Institute, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France. Dr Raymond Sparrow, Biophotonic Bionanodevices Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa. The Nanoscience Centre will provide same day (Friday 20 November, 2009) return flight ticket and airport transfer to/from the departure airport. Airport transfer to UWC will be provided at the Cape Town International Airport. If you will be available to attend the seminar please contact Prof. Emmanuel Iwuoha at [email protected] by Thursday 5 November, 2009. Your reply should include your name as it appears on your ID or passport for flight reservation. Submitted by Prof Emmanuel Iwuoha, CSci, CChem, FRSC. Chairperson, Nanoscience Centre Steering Committee.

Applying Nanotechnology to Gene Therapy for Treatment of Serious Viral Infections

Applying nanotechnology to medicine is rapidly gaining in importance and has particular relevance to the field of gene therapy. Since genes are central to all biological processes, controlled alteration of gene function has enormous potential for developing new approaches to disease treatment. The term ‘Gene Therapy’ was coined in the 1970s and refers to the use of procedures that are intended to treat or alleviate disease by genetically modifying the

cells of a patient. The approach may involve the repairing of damaged genes (e.g. inherited diseases) or silencing ‘rogue’ genetic elements (e.g. of cancers




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and viruses) to restore the health of cells. Gene therapy is rapidly becoming part of mainstream research of modern molecular biology and medicine. The technology has exciting possibilities and it is likely that new solutions to overcoming serious infectious diseases of importance to South Africa will emerge from harnessing gene therapy techniques. Most approaches to gene therapy require the delivery of nucleic acids to a site of action in target cells. Unlike traditional small molecule drugs, nucleic acids are large and highly negatively charged. This poses serious difficulties for drug development researchers who aim to achieve safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic sequences across the lipid bilayers of target cells. Several approaches have been used to engineer nanoparticles as vectors (carriers) to deliver therapeutic nucleic acids to cells. These include the use of genetically manipulated (recombinant) viruses and chemically synthesised lipoplexes. The focus of the Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit (AGTRU), directed by Patrick Arbuthnot, has been to use these nanoparticle vectors to deliver nucleic acids that are capable of silencing gene expression of viruses that are responsible for infections of serious public health importance to South Africa, viz. persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV infection. Globally it is estimated that there are 387 million carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and most of these individuals are from the developing world. The infection is endemic to sub Saharan Africa, east and south east Asia as well as the western Pacific islands. Chronic infection with the virus is associated with a very high risk for the serious complications of liver cancer and cirrhosis. Liver cancer is a particularly aggressive malignancy and the prognosis is grave. Licensed treatments for HBV infection do not have a durable effect and development of new effective therapy to prevent HBV-related liver cancer is an important global medical priority. Recent discovery of the naturally occurring RNA interference (RNAi) pathway has led to considerable enthusiasm for advancing novel nucleic acid-based HBV therapies. The pathway can be harnessed to bring about powerful and specific gene silencing of pathology-causing genes, such as those of viruses. Work to date from the AGTRU has entailed the optimisation of antiHBV and antiHIV RNAi sequences. To develop nanotechnology for their ultimate therapeutic application, the focus of research is to incorporate HBV silencing sequences into viral (adenoviral), non viral and virus-like vectors that can achieve sustained HBV knockdown in vivo. Although significant hurdles remain before RNAi-based therapy can be used for treating viral diseases, the field now has significant momentum. Enthusiasm, the enormous potential of RNAi-based therapy and multidisciplinary efforts of nanotechnology researchers are likely to result in considerable progress during the coming years. By Prof. Patrick Arbuthnot: Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology University of the Witwatersrand




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Postdoctoral Positions in Nanotechnology at Wits Professor V. Pillay who is the National Research Chair in: “Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Polymer-engineered drug delivery technologies” at wits medical school, department of pharmacy is in the process of recruiting suitable candidates who would want to work as members of a team within the drug delivery research platform for pharmaceutics as postdoctoral fellows in 2010. What would you be doing? • undertaking cutting-edge research in advanced and globally-competitive

drug delivery laboratories employing state-of-the-art equipment and techniques

• breaking the frontiers in novel biomaterials, polymers and drug delivery

systems design • leading to patents and potential pharmaceuticals. For more details on funding, projects and duration of study contact Professor Viness Pillay : [email protected], Tel: 011-7172274. Mr. (Yahya Choonara ([email protected]) or Ms. Lisa du Toit ([email protected])

List of Forthcoming Nano Conferences Local conferences i) Entrepreneurship for Scientists and Engineers from Developing

Countries in Africa, iThemba Labs, Cape Town, South Africa, 9th-13th November 2009.

http://www.saip.org.za/events/entrepreneurship/ ii) Seminar on the Development of Nanobioscience Curriculum for MSc

Nanoscience Degree, Room 1.35, Physics Building, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, Friday, 20th November 2009

iii) South African Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Summer School, Farm

Inn Lodge, Pretoria, 22nd November-2nd December 2009: www.sananoschool2009.co.za




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International conferences i) Indo-Us Workshop on Nanotechnology: Applications and Implications,

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India, 10th-12th November, 2009: http://www.iictindia.org/nano/

ii) The Nano Petro, Gas and Petro-Chemical Industries Conference,

Cairo, Egypt, 13th-15th November 2009: http://www.npg.sabrycorp.com iii) NanoBio-Tech, Montreux, Switzerland, 16th-18th November 2009 http://www.nanotech-montreux.com/ iv) Cambridge CNT Symposium 2009, University of Cambridge, UK, 13th

November 2009: http://www.nanopaprika.eu/profiles/blogs/cambridge-cnt-symposium-2009

or www.cambridgecnt.org v) First Nanosafety Autumn School, Venice, Italy, 16th-20th November

2009 http://www.unive.it/nanosaf vi) NanoEurope Symposium 2009, Rapperswill, Switzerland, 25th-26th

November 2009: http://www.nanoeurope.com

vii) Nanotech Business Summit, Cairo, Egypt, 4th-7th December, 2009 http://www.nanobus.sabrycorp.com/conf/nanobus/09/

viii) The 5th International Conference of the African Materials Research

Society and the 8th Nigerian Materials Congress, Abuja, Nigeria, 14th-18th December 2009: http://mri63.adtech.icair.org/pls/portal/docs/ PAGE/IVI_IUMRS/DOC/5TH%20AFRICA-MRS%20CONFERENCE%

20POSTER.PDF ix) Nanotech 2010: International Nanotechnology Exhibition & Conference, Tokyo, Japan,17th-19th February 2009: http://www.nanotechexpo.jp/en/ x) The 2nd Annual ICPC NanoNet Workshop, Beijing, China, 14th-15th June 2010: http://www.icpc-nanonet.org/




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