Nano – Composites “ “the Smart

8/14/2019 Nano Composites the Smart

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Jitendra Chaure, ShadabJitendra Chaure, Shadab

ImamImam

Abstract--Nanocomposites are, as their name implies,composite materials in which at least one of theingredients has a size on the nanometer length scale

The term nanocomposites encompasses a wide rangeof materials mixed at a nanometer scale.

Three dimensional metal matrix composites, twodimensional lamellar composites and onedimensional nanowires and zero dimensional coreshells all represents many variations of nano-mixedand layer materials.

These constructs combine the best properties of eachof the components to give rise to new and uniqueproperties for advanced applications.

By incorporating nanostructures in the normalpolymers its natural characteristics can greately bechanged so that its application area can be increased.

By using nanocomposite technology manufacturingof smart shirt is possible that reads your body parameters and sends information to a remotecomputer through a wireless communication system.

Athletes can perform better on the tracks due tosmart fabrics they wear.

Mechanical properties like tensile strength, modulusof rigidity, wear and tear resistance, heat distortion,and permeability can greatly be increased.

WHAT ARE NANOCOMPISITES

Nanocomposites are nano scale spherical inorganicparticles of dimensions less than 100 nanometre diameter.Naocompsite technology is having a great impact in

polymers.

WHY NANOCOMPOSITES ?WHY NANOCOMPOSITES ?

Because size does matters and nanocomposites haveincreased surface area on nanoparticles.

MICROPARTICLES

NANOPARTICLES

By inserting the nanometric inorganic compounds,the properties of polymers improve and this has a lotof applications depending upon the inorganic

material present in the polymers

Polymer nanocomposites are materials in whichnanoscopic inorganic particles, typically 10-100armstrong in atleast one dimension, are dispersed inan organic polymer matrix in order to dramaticallyimprove the performance properties of thepolymer.Because of the nanometer sizes , fillerdispersion nanocomposites exhibit markedly

NANO COMPOSITES NANO COMPOSITES

the smartthe smart


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improved properties when compared to the purepolymers of their traditional composites.

TYPES OF NANOCOMPOSITES

A.A. 1.) LAYERED SILICAT NANOCOMPOSITES1.) LAYERED SILICAT NANOCOMPOSITES

Layered silicate nanocomposites exhibit superiormechanical properties ( 40% increase of roomtemperature tensile strength), heat resistance( 100% increase in the heat distortiontemperature) compared to the neat filled resins.

22.) -- IRON NANOCOMPOSITES

These nanocomposites are used as advanced tonnermaterials for high quallity colour copiers and printers

and as contrast agents in NMR analysis, memorydevices. Polymer composites containing ferrites areincreasingly replacing conventional ceramicmagnetic because of their mouldability and reductionin cost.

4.) NANOCLAYS4.) NANOCLAYS

The most common type of clay is montmorillonite(MMT), a layered aluminosilicate in the family ofclays. MMT is a component of bentonite clay formedwhen volcanic ash settled into ancient brine seas.

MMT can be delaminated and dispersed intoindividual layers only one nanometre thick by about70 nm to 150 nm across. The result is a radicalincrease in the surface area to volume ratio : with asurface area of 750 squaremetre/gram 20 g of MMTplatelets could cover a football field.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES GAIN DUE TOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES GAIN DUE TO

NANOPARTICLE ADDITIONSNANOPARTICLE ADDITIONS

1. Tensile strength improvements of approximately40 and 20% at temperatures of 23C and 120Crespectively.

2. Modulus improvements of 70% and a veryimpressive 220% at temperature of 23C and120C.

3. Heat distortion was shown to increase from65C for the unmodified polyamide to 152C forthe nanoclay modified material achieved withjust a 5% loading of montmorillonite clay.

4. 10 fold decrease in oxygen and hydrogendioxide permeability.

5. These new materials are aimed at being asubstitute for more expensive technical parts forexample, gear systems in wood drillingmachines, wear resistance materials and in theproduction of barrier plastic film for foodindustry.

AREAS OF APPLICATIONAREAS OF APPLICATION

1. Gas barriers 2. O

3. Food packaging 4. F

5. Films 6. E

7. Flammability reduction 8. M

9. Door handles 10. E

DESCRIPTION OF SOME APPLICATIONDESCRIPTION OF SOME APPLICATION

1.)1.)GAS BARRIERSGAS BARRIERS

Data provided from various sources indicates oxygentransmission rates for polyamide-organoclaycomposites which are usually less than half that ofthe unmodified polymer.

These excellent barrier characteristics have resultedin considerable interest in nanoclay composites infood packaging applications, both flexible and rigid.


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3.) FOOD PACKAGING3.) FOOD PACKAGING

The requirement here is for a non-refrigerated packaging system capable of maintaining foodfreshness for three years. Nanoclay polymer

composites are currently showing considerablepromise for this application.

It is likely that excellent gaseous barrier propertiesexhibited by nanocomposite polymer system willresult in their substantial use as packaging materialsin future years.

4.) FUEL TANKS4.) FUEL TANKS

The ability of nanoclay incorporation to reducesolvent transmission through polymers such aspolyamides has been demonstrated.

Data reveals significant reductions in fueltransmission through polyamide-6/66 polymers byincorporation of nanoclay filler. As a result,considerable interest is now being shown in thesematerials as both fuel tanks and fuel line componentsfor cars. The reduced fuel transmissioncharacteristics are accompanied by significantmaterial cost reductions.

6.)6.)ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Water laden atmospheres have long been regarded asone of the most damaging environments whichpolymeric materials can encounter.

Thus an ability to minimize the extent to which wateris absorbed can be a major advantage. Nanoclayincorporation can reduce the extent of waterabsorption in a polymer.

Hydrophobic enhancement would clearly promote both improved nanocomposite properties anddiminish the extent to which water would betransmitted through to an underlying substrate.

8.)8.)NANOTEXTILENANOTEXTILE

Did you hear of a shirt that reads your body parameters and sends information to a remotecomputer through a wireless communication system?Have you watched leading athletes perform better onthe tracks due to smart fabrics they wear?

This is the wonder of nanocomposite technology.

HOW IT WORKS?HOW IT WORKS?

When a glass trips on your trousers, its nanotechfabric will simply repel the juice drops. The Nano-Tex fabric coated with nanotech engineeredmolecules attaches themselves to one another, andthen attach to the fabric forming a nano shieldagainst juice stains

World's 20 largest textile mills have acquired Nano-Tex licensing technology so far. You may soon getto wear its products as this revolutionary innovationbegins to appear in every-day life, though invisible tothe naked eye, as yet. Working the military,emergency workers and doctors in this sunrise area,Bethesda, Md. based Sensatex, developed what itcalls a 'smart shirt' - clothing having tiny microscopicwires interwoven into the fabric itself. Vital parameters like heart rate, respiration rate, bodytemperature, caloric burn, body fat, and UV exposurecan be communicated to the doctors from the fielditself.

Sensatex technology can be incorporated into any

fabric (cotton, Lycra, wool, silk, etc.) or blend offabrics without effecting the look, feel or integrity ofthe fabric that it is replacing.

The SmartShirt System integrates advances in textileengineering, wearable computing, and wireless datatransfer to permit the collection, transmission, andanalysis of personal health and lifestyle data.


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CURRENT & POSSIBLE FUTURE USES OFCURRENT & POSSIBLE FUTURE USES OF

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITESPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES

It is estimated that there will be 55 million pounds ofPNCs (Polymer Nanocomposites) in production by

2004. The value of this market is forecast to reach$195 million by then.

It is estimated that widespread use of PNCs by carmanufacturers could save over 1.5 billion liters ofgasoline annually and reduce CO2 emissions bynearly 10 billion pounds!

Using heat-resistant PNCs to make fire fighterprotective clothing.

Building new structures out of fire retardant PNCs

Using light weight PNCs in high temperature/stresssituations such as under the hoods of automobilesand in the skins of jet aircraft, as opposed to heavierand costlier metal alloys.

Replacing corrosion-prone metals in the building ofbridges and other large structures with potentiallylighter and stronger Polymer Nanocomposites.

CONCLUIONCONCLUION

1. It appears that Nanocomposites have a verybright future, considering how many possibleuses PNCs could have.

2. 20 years from now it is possible that you couldown a car made completely out of advancedThermoplastics!

3. P.S. Thermoplastics are merely plastics whichare capable of being repeatedly softened by heatand hardened by cooling.

4. Increased filler weight percentage.

5. Increase in modulus of elasticity.

6. Increase in scratch resistance.

7. Increase in yield strength.

8. Decrease in glass transition temperature.

REFERENCES

Conductive Polymer Bronzes. IntercalatedPolyaniline in V2O5 Xerogels" M.G. Kanatzidis, C.-G. Wu, H.O. Marcy, C.R. KannewurfJ. Am. Chem.Soc., 1989, 111, 4139-4141

"Low-Dimensional Electrically Conductive Systems.

Intercalated Polymers in V2O5 Xerogels" C.-G. Wu,M.G. Kanatzidis, H.O. Marcy, D.C. DeGroot, C.R.Kannewurf NATO-ASI "Lower-DimensionalSystems and Molecular Devices" R.M. Metzger Ed.Plenum Press, Inc. 1991, 427-434.

"V2O5 Xerogels as Hosts for Conductive Polymers.Intercalative Polymerization of Aniline, Pyrrole and2,2'-Bithiophene" C.-G. Wu, H. O. Marcy, D. C.DeGroot and C. R. Kannewurf, M. G. KanatzidisMat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.1990, 173, 317-322

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Nano – Composites “ “the Smart