Naming Ionic Compounds

Naming Ionic Compounds

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons.

Metals Nonmetals

Metals ________________ electrons.This gives them a ____ charge.

Positive ions are called ___________.

lose / donate+

Nonmetals _____________ electrons.This gives them a ____ charge.

Negative ions are called ___________.

gain / accept_

cations

anions

Remember that the charge of an ion can be determined by its place on the Periodic Table.

+1

+2 +3

+4or-4 -3 -2 -1

0

Look for the Roman Numeral!

For each elements on your notes, predict the charge of its most

common ion using the periodic table.

-3+1

-2

0+2

+1

+2-1-3

+2-2+1

-1+1-1

0-1

0

When metals lose electrons they become ions, but their name does not change.

Rules for Naming Ions

Na Na+ + e-

sodium sodium electron

Mg Mg+2 + 2e-

magnesium magnesium 2 electrons

When nonmetals gain electrons they become ions, and their name does change.


F-F + e-

fluorine fluorideelectron

S-2S + 2e-

sulfur sulfide2 electrons


2. Changing the name of nonmetals:root of element name + -ide = name of ion

Examples:

The name of chlorine’s ion:

The name of nitrogen’s ion:

chlor- + -ide = chloride

nitr- + -ide = nitride

1. The names of metals do not change.

Examples of naming ions:

The name of calcium’s ion:

The name of oxygen’s ion:

calcium (The names of metals don’t change!)

ox- + -ide = oxideThe name of aluminum’s ion:

aluminum(The names of metals don’t change!)

Write the name of each of the ions on your notes.

sulfidenitride

potassium

oxide

lithiumbromide

chloridehydrogen (+), hydride (-)

There are also ions that form after elements have shared electrons. These ions are known as polyatomic ions, and each polyatomic ion already has a name.

Write the name of each of the polyatomic ions on your notes using

your reference sheet as a guide.

sulfate

permanganate

hydroxide

carbonatesulfite

nitrate

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds

CaBr2

Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.Step 3: YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.

calcium bromide

1. NaFsodium fluoride

2. MgOmagnesium oxide

3. SrCl2strontium chloride

4. Li2Slithium sulfide

5. CaOcalcium oxide

6. KIpotassium iodide

1. NH4Fammonium fluoride

2. CaSO4calcium sulfate

3. Mg(NO3)2magnesium nitrate

4. NaOHsodium hydroxide

When polyatomic ions are used, simply use the name of the polyatomic ion in the compound.

Name the ionic compounds that are found on your notes.

calcium chloride

potassium sulfide

cesium chloride

barium oxideammonium chloride

potassium permanganate

magnesium sulfate

sodium bromide

aluminum phosphide

You can also determine the formula of an ionic compound from its name. To do this, you will need to use what you already know about the Periodic Table.

magnesium iodide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Mg I+2 -

MgI2

This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the name of the polyatomic ion.

strontium nitrate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Sr NO3+2 -

Sr(NO3)2

Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to naming.Decide which name goes with each ion.

N-3 NO3-nitrate

nitride

S-2 SO3-2

sulfitesulfide

P-3 PO4-3phosphate

phosphide

Remember that the names of transition metals include their charge because their charges are less predictable.What are the charges of the transition metals below:

Iron (II) _______ Iron (III) _______Copper (II) _______ Copper (I) _______Tin (IV) _______ Tin (II) _______Lead (II) _______ Lead (IV) _______

+2 +3+2 +1

+4 +2+2 +4

We know they are positive because metals are always positive.

The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.

iron (III) oxide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the cation.Step 2: Write the symbol of the anion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the roman numerals.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Fe O+3 -2

Fe2O3

Helpful Hint: If the ion ends in –ide, it is probably from the periodic table. If the ion ends in –ate or –ite, it is a polyatomic ion.

Examples:

SO4-2

sulfate

S-2

sulfide

NO2-

nitrite

N-3

nitride

sulfite

SO3-2

nitrate

NO3-

Write the formula of each of the ionic compounds named on your notes.

KISnCl4

BaSO4

NaClSrSCuCO3

AlBr3

Li3N

Naming Binary Covalent Compounds


Sharing electrons creates a covalent bondNonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals

shared electrons

Determining if a compound is ionic or covalent is easy.

Ionic compounds contain a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent compounds contain only nonmetals.

What elements do ionic compounds contain?

What elements do covalent compounds contain?

Decide whether the compounds on your notes are ionic or covalent.

I

C C

C

I

I

Important Facts:Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron, it behaves differently than any other element on the periodic table of elements.

Hydrogen can donate its 1

electron.H+

Hydrogen can gain 1

electron.H-

Hydrogen can share

electrons.

This means that hydrogen can act as either a metal or a nonmetal!

H2

There are 7 elements that exist in nature as diatomic molecules.

What elements exist as diatomic molecules?

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

There are millions of covalent compounds. These can be classified into many different types of compounds. Each type of compound has a different set of rules for naming. You will be learning about the easiest type of covalent compound to name:

What does binary mean? Binary means 2.Binary covalent compounds are

between 2 different nonmetals.

Binary Covalent Compounds

Nonmetals can share electrons in many different ways. This means that two nonmetals can create multiple compounds together.

CO2CO

Each of these contains a different ratio of elements. Because of this, we have to make sure that the name of the compound explains the correct ratio.

carbon and oxygen

PCl5PCl3

phosphorous and chlorine

N2O3N2O4

nitrogen and oxygen

To show the correct ratio of elements, we use prefixes.

Steps for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

N2O4

Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.

Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present.

nitrogen oxidedinitrogen tetroxide

Rules for Using PrefixesRule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT compounds.

Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide.

Example: CO2 is carbon dioxide, and not monocarbon dioxide.

Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and not carbon monooxide.

How would you write each of the prefixes in front of oxide?

mono- ____________ di- ____________tri- ____________ tetra- ____________penta- ____________ hexa- ____________hepta- ____________ octa- ____________nona- ____________ deca- ____________

monoxide dioxidetrioxide tetroxide

pentoxide hexoxideheptoxide octoxidenonoxide decoxide

Remember: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Leave -i alone.

Name the binary covalent compounds that are found on your notes.

carbon dioxidecarbon disulfidephosphorous tribromidephosphorous pentabromidediphosphorous pentasulfidedinitrogen monosulfidesilicon disulfidenitrogen tribromidedinitrogen tetrachloride

Because of the prefixes, it is very easy to go from the name of a binary

covalent compound to its formula.dinitrogen tetrafluoride

Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

N2 F4

Write the formulas of the binary covalent compounds in your notes.

CCl4PCl5

N2OCS

BH3S2Br6

SiS2PI3

NCl3

IF7N2O4

PCl3COIClS4N4H2OClF5

NO2

Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds Review


This is what creates compounds!

Metals ________________ electrons.This gives them a ____ charge.

Positive ions are called ___________.

lose / donate+

Nonmetals _____________ electrons.This gives them a ____ charge.

Negative ions are called ___________.

gain / accept_

cations

anions



Metals

Nonmetals

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds

MgCl2

Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.

YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.

magnesium chloride

Remember that we change the name of nonmetal ions to –ide.


Sharing electrons creates a covalent bondNonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals

shared electrons



Nonmetals

Steps for Naming Covalent Compounds

P2S4

Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.

Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present.

phosphorous sulfidediphosphorous tetrasulfide

Rules for Using Prefixes with Covalent Compounds

Rule 1: Prefixes are only for COVALENT compounds.Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide.

Example: PCl3 is phosphorous trichloride, and not monophosphorous trichloride.

Example: N2O4 is nitrogen tetroxide, and not nitrogen tetraoxide.

Determining if a compound is ionic or covalent is easy.





Decide whether the compounds on your notes are ionic or covalent.

I C I IC C I I

I C C I

Once you decide if a compound is ionic or covalent you know whether or not to use prefixes.

Only COVALENT COMPOUNDS use PREFIXES!

Do NOT make the mistake of using prefixes with ionic compounds. You will be forced to decide between answer choices with and without prefixes on your exam. Know the difference!

Steps for Naming a Compound

Step 1: Decide if the compound is ionic or covalent.

Step 2: Write the name of the first element as it appears on the periodic table, change the name of the second element to end with -ide.

Step 3: If, and only if, the compound is covalent, add prefixes.

Ionic compounds are finished at this point.

1. NH4Clammonium chloride

2. MgSO3magnesium sulfite

3. Ca(NO2)2calcium nitrite

4. KOHpotassium hydroxide

Remember, if polyatomic ions appear in an ionic compound, simply use the name of the ion as it appears in the table of polyatomic ions.

Write the names of the compounds that appear on your notes.

carbon tetrabromidecarbon monosulfide

sodium permanganatestrontium iodide

potassium sulfatedinitrogen tetrasulfidemagnesium nitrate

silicon tetrachloridediphosphorous pentoxide

Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound from Its Name

potassium sulfide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

K S+ -2

K2S

This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the table of polyatomic ions found on the naming compounds reference sheet.

barium sulfate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Ba SO4+2 -2

BaSO4

The charges are the same, so they cancel!

Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to naming.Decide which name goes with each ion.

N-3 NO2-nitrite

nitride

S-2 SO4-2

sulfatesulfide

P-3 PO4-3phosphate

phosphide

Remember that the names of transition metals include their charge because their charges are less predictable.What are the charges of the transition metals below:

Tin (IV) _______ Tin (II) _______Lead (II) _______ Lead (IV) _______Iron (II) _______ Iron (III) _______Copper (II) _______ Copper (I) _______

+4 +2+2 +4

+2 +3+2 +1

We know they are positive because metals are always positive.

d-block

The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.

copper (II) nitrate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.Step 2: Write the symbol of the polyatomic ion.Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table, polyatomic ions table, or the roman numerals.Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Cu NO3+2 -

Cu(NO3)2

Because of the prefixes, it is very easy to go from the name of a binary

covalent compound to its formula.dihydrogen monoxide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

H2O

Remember: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

Example: carbon dioxide

CO2

Write the formulas of the compounds that appear on your

notes based on their names.HCl

BaF2

SnSN2O

CS2S2Cl6

Na3PO4

PtCl2

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Naming Ionic Compounds