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Naming AcidsNaming Acids
Dr. Jerry E. SipeDr. Jerry E. Sipe
Ivy Tech Community CollegeIvy Tech Community College
What You Need To KnowWhat You Need To Know
• Acid nomenclature is different from other compound nomenclature
• Acids are named for their anions because they have a common cation: H+
• Other compounds are named for their cations and their anions
Classification of AcidsClassification of Acids
• Classified by the number of hydrogen ions produced– Monoprotic: HCl H+ + Cl-
– Diprotic: H2SO4 2 H+ + SO4-2
– Triprotic: H3PO4 3 H+ + PO4-3
– Recognizing this classification is vital when stoichiometry/balancing equations are required
• Classified by type of anion
– Binary: monatomic anion: HCl
– Tertiary: polyatomic anion: H2SO4
– Recognizing this classification is vital in naming acids and writing formulas from their names
Classification of AcidsClassification of Acids
• Formula writing begins with analyzing the key parts of the name
• Binary acids are recognized by the following:
• HYDROELEMENTIC
Writing Acid Formulas:Writing Acid Formulas:Binary AcidsBinary Acids
H+ E-XCROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES
HXE
• POLYATOMICSTEMOUS ACID
Writing Acid Formulas:Tertiary Writing Acid Formulas:Tertiary Acids – Names ending in “ous” Acids – Names ending in “ous”
H+ ZO-XCROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES
HXZO
Nitrous AcidNitrous Acid
Indicates a polyatomic anion with lowest amount of oxygen in nitrogen series (nitrite)
H+ NO2-
H1 1NO2
• POLYATOMICSTEMIC ACID
Writing Acid Formulas:Tertiary Writing Acid Formulas:Tertiary Acids – Names ending in “IC” Acids – Names ending in “IC”
H+ ZO2-X
CROSS MULTIPLY CHARGES
HXZO2
Sulfuric AcidSulfuric Acid
Indicates a polyatomic anion with highest amount of oxygen in sulfur series
H+ SO4-2
H2 1SO4
Perchloric acidPerchloric acid
Indicates a polyatomic anion with highest amount of oxygen in chlorine series
H+ ClO4-
H1 1ClO4
Hypochlorous AcidHypochlorous Acid
Indicates a polyatomic ion with the lowest level of oxygen in the chlorine series
H+ ClO-
H1ClO1
• Acid names derived from the anion
• Binary acids: HYDROELEMENTIC ACID
• Example: HI IODIDE ion is anion
• Therefore the name of the acid is – HYDROIODIC ACID
Naming of Acids: Naming of Acids: Formula to NameFormula to Name
• Tertiary acids “ite” ending: ITE OUS– ION NAME STEMOUS ACID
– Example: HPO3; PO3-3
is the phosphite ion; therefore, the name of the acid is PHOSPHOROUS ACID
– Note: the “OR” in the name is added to complete the elemental name
Naming of Acids: Naming of Acids: Formula to NameFormula to Name
• Tertiary acids “ic” ending: ATE IC– ION NAME STEMIC ACID
– Example: HPO4; PO4- is phosphate ion; therefore,
the name of the acid is PHOSPHORIC ACID– Note: the “OR” in the name is added to complete
the elemental name
Naming of Acids: Naming of Acids: Formula to NameFormula to Name