Name€ Chapter 1 (Multiple Choice)--Introduction to ......Answer € a clinical psychologist € a psychiatrist € an applied psychologist € a research psychologist Add Question

Name Chapter 1 (Multiple Choice)--Introduction to Psychology

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Question Psychology is defined as:

Answer the scientific investigation of thought processes

the understanding of abnormal behavior

the scientific study of behavior and mind

the study of mental illness and inner feelings

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Question The word psychology comes from the Greek psyche, which translates as:

Answer human

mind

soul

behavior

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Question Which of the following individuals were trained in psychology:

Answer Sigmund Freud

Immanuel Kant

René Descartes

None of these choices

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Question The field of psychology became an independent science:

Answer in the middle of the 20th century

in the middle of the 19th century

when Sigmund Freud first used the term psyche-logos

when Ivan Pavlov translated his research studies into English

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Question Before the field of psychology became an independent science, the study of the mind was conducted mainly by:

Answer philosophers and physiologists

psychiatrists and philosophers

physiologists and psychiatrists

scientists and physicians

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Question Psychology and philosophy may deal with similar issues, but psychology:

Answer emphasizes the use of the scientific method

developed before philosophy

studies only behavior, not the mind

studies abnormal behavior rather than normal behavior

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Question To a psychologist, the study of the mind would involve the scientific study of:

Answer the contents and processes of subjective experience

unconscious thought processes that underlie behavior

activity within the cells of the brain

intellectual function and intelligence

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Question Psychologists separate behavior from mind in defining psychology because:

Answer only behavior can be studied scientifically

only behavior can be directly measured by an objective observer

only the mind can be studied scientifically

modern psychology focuses on the study of behavior, rather than the study of mental events

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Question Psychologists use the term behavior to refer:

Answer only to obvious actions, such as moving about or talking

only to physiological processes, such as the activity of the brain cells

to anything that can be observed and measured in a systematic way

to anything people or animals do or experience

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Question A clinical psychologist:

Answer extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world

conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind

is a medical doctor specializing in psychological problems

diagnoses and treats psychological problems

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Question Which of the following is NOT true about clinical psychologists:

Answer they work in clinics or in private practice

they have a Ph.D. in psychology

they routinely prescribe medications

diagnoses and treats psychological problems

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Question Which of the following pairings of professions and work settings is incorrect:

Answer Counseling psychologists: Ph.D or Ed.D.

Clinical psychologists: Ph.D. or Psy.D.

Psychiatrists: MD

None of these choices all are correct

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Question Which of the following professions is most likely to deal with adjustment problems, such as marriage and family problems:

Answer Counseling psychologist

Clinical psychologist

Psychiatrist

Developmental Psychologist

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Question Which of the following is NOT true about clinical psychologists:

Answer they work in clinics or in private practice

they have a medical degree

they diagnose psychological problems

they treat psychological problems

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Question Someone who diagnoses and treats psychological problems would be:

Answer a clinical psychologist

an industrial/organizational psychologist

a research psychologist

a human factors psychologist

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Question Rueben is a clinical psychologist. While he is at work Rueben probably spends time:

Answer using scientific principles to solve practical, everyday problems

delivering human services such as psychotherapy or counseling

prescribing medications to patients to treat mental illness

working with students in primary and secondary schools

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Question Janet has her Ph.D. in psychology and she has established a private practice where she often provides psychotherapy or counseling for patients with psychological disorders. Janet would most likely be classified as:

Answer an applied psychologist


a psychiatrist

a clinical psychologist

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Question Danielle is a counseling psychologist. While she is at work Danielle probably spends time:

Answer solving practical problems in the real world

trying to discover basic principles of behavior and mind

working with individuals who have psychological disorders

providing advice on adjustment problems

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Question Harry works in a clinic where he often helps couples work through adjustment problems. Harry would most likely be classified as:

Answer an applied psychologist

a counseling psychologist


a psychiatrist

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Question A psychiatrist is:

Answer someone who psychoanalyzes individuals with psychological problems

someone who extends psychological principles to practical, everyday problems

someone who uses experiments to discover basic principles of behavior and mind

someone with a medical degree specializing in psychological problems

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Question A medical doctor specializing in psychological problems is also called:


a psychiatrist

an applied psychologist


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Question The mental health professional who is most likely to prescribe drugs as part of a treatment program for his or her patients is:

Answer a counseling psychologist

a psychiatrist

a behavioral psychologist

a cognitive psychologist

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Question Dan is a psychiatrist. While he is at work Dan probably spends time:

Answer prescribing drugs for patients with psychological problems

working with engineers on the design of new products

using scientific principles to solve practical, everyday problems

conducting experiments or collecting and analyzing data

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Question Stanley just graduated from medical school and plans to specialize in the treatment of mental disorders. Stanley would most likely be classified as:




a psychiatrist

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Question Margaret works in a clinic, and often has clients with mental disorders referred to her so that appropriate mediation can be prescribed. Margaret would most likely be classified as:


a psychiatrist



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Question The main difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is:

Answer the types of psychological problems that each professional deals with

the ages of the patients that they treat

the perspective they take in understanding psychological disorders

the type of educational background each specialist has

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Question Malcolm is a clinical psychologist and his sister Stephanie is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Malcolm would:

Answer typically deal with patients who had more severe problems than the patients Stephanie typically sees

have a degree in psychology while Stephanie would have a medical degree

normally treat young children while Stephanie would treat more adults

take a psychoanalytic approach in treating patients while Stephanie would take a humanistic approach

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Question An applied psychologist:

Answer diagnoses and treats psychological problems

extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world



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Question In which of the following settings would you likely find a psychologist working:

Answer clinic

high school

large international corporation

all of these choices

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Question A psychologist who extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world would be:



a psychiatrist


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Question Walter is an applied psychologist. While he is at work Walter probably spends time:

Answer delivering human services such as psychotherapy or counseling



prescribing drugs for patients with psychological problems

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Question Maxine is an applied psychologist. While she is at work Maxine probably spends time:

Answer treating abnormal behavior or providing advice on adjustment problems

trying to discover basic principles of behavior and mind through scientific experiments

solving practical problems in the real world, using principles of scientific psychology

studying how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime

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Question School psychologists help identify children with learning disabilities or other problems that affect education, and they develop plans for helping these children perform well in school. School psychologists are one type of:

Answer clinical psychologist

research psychologist

applied psychologist

counseling psychologist

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Question Vance is a psychologist who works for a large company, helping to train new recruits and improve employee morale. Vance would most likely be classified as:




a psychiatrist

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Question Wanda is a psychologist who works for an engineering company, helping in the design of new products to be used in the home. Wanda would most likely be classified as:

Answer an organizational psychologist

an industrial psychologist



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Question Signet Air recently hired a psychologist to help redesign the cockpit of a new aircraft. The goal is to reduce the probability of pilot error in reading the instrument panel. The psychologist the company hired is most likely:

Answer a human factors psychologist

a social psychologist

a developmental psychologist


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Question Human factors psychologists:

Answer work with industry to train new recruits and establish effective lines of employee communication

work with students in primary and secondary schools

work on the design and engineering of new products

are concerned with the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across situations

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Question Which of the following individuals would not be an applied psychologist?

Answer Someone who works in schools to help students achieve their academic goals

Someone who conducts experiments to determine the fundamental organization of human memory

Someone who consults with businesses to increase employee productivity

Someone who designs new computer screens to reduce eye strain

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Question An automaker moved the location of the horn to a lever on the steering column for one of its car models, when they introduced air bags. It was later found that motorists were confused by the new location of the horn, and often flicked the wipers or turned on the lights, instead of sounding the horn. The company asked a psychologist to help solve this design problem. The psychologist the company hired to help is most likely:

Answer a social psychologist




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Question The intensity of the lights in Jim's car increase when he pushes a control lever up, and decrease when he pushes the same control lever down. Using natural mappings like these in design is a principle favored by:

Answer functionalists

psychoanalytic psychologists

human factors psychologists

social psychologists

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Question A research psychologist:

Answer diagnoses and treats psychological problems


extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world


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Question A psychologist who conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind would be:

Answer a research psychologist



a psychiatrist

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Question Bernard is a research psychologist. While he is at work Bernard probably spends time:

Answer delivering human services such as psychotherapy or counseling


prescribing drugs for patients with psychological problems


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Question Taniesha is a research psychologist. While she is at work Taniesha probably spends time:

Answer treating abnormal behavior or providing advice on adjustment problems

solving practical problems in the real world, using principles of scientific psychology

working with students in primary and secondary schools to help them perform better academically

trying to discover basic principles of behavior and mind through scientific experiments

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Question Martin is a psychologist who is currently conducting experiments in an attempt to understand how physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior. Martin would most likely be classified as:



a psychiatrist


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Question Anne is a psychologist who is currently collecting data in an attempt to understand how people influence and relate to each other. Anne would most likely be classified as:




a psychiatrist

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Question You are scheduled to take part in an experiment examining basic processes in memory and reasoning. The psychologist in charge is most likely:

Answer a research psychologist



a school psychologist

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Question Biopsychologists:

Answer are concerned with the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across situations

play a key role in the design and engineering of new products

seek to understand how physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior

study higher mental processes, such as memory, learning, and reasoning

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Question Amanda is a graduate student whose major area of interest is biophysical psychology. You should expect that Amanda is most interested in:

Answer the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior

the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across various situations

how people relate to each other and influence each other

how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime

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Question Daniel is a graduate student whose major area of interest is personality psychology. You should expect that Daniel is most interested in:

Answer the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across various situations

the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior



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Question Larry is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology. You should expect that Larry is most interested in:

Answer understanding mental processes such as memory and learning




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Question Aurora is a researcher who investigates how people's behavior typically changes during adolescence and early adulthood. Aurora most likely considers herself to be:

Answer a social psychologist

a personality psychologist



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Question June is a graduate student whose major area of interest is social psychology. You should expect that June is most interested in:

Answer how people relate to each other and influence each other




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Question Anthony Antonio and his colleagues looked at the effects of diversity on complex thinking in college students (Antonio et al., 2004). These researchers found, in some circumstances, racial diversity

Answer increased the flexibility but decreased the complexity of college students' thoughts and opinions

decreased the flexibility but increased the complexity of college students' thoughts and opinions

increased both the flexibility and the complexity of college students' thoughts and opinions

decreased both the flexibility and the complexity of college students' thoughts and opinions

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Question The Practical Solutions section of Chapter 1 describes a study by Antonio et al. (2004). Based on the results of that study, colleges and universities that wish to promote complex thinking among their students should attempt to increase

Answer their academic standards for admission

the racial diversity in their student body

the gender diversity in their student body

the number of team projects that students complete

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Question The intellectual roots of modern psychology lie in the disciplines of:

Answer mathematics and philosophy

philosophy and physiology

biology and physics

anthropology and sociology

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Question Which of the following first argued that the mind is a kind of tabula rasa or blank tablet:

Answer René Descartes

John Watson

Sigmund Freud

Aristotle

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Question The term tabula rasa is translated into which of the following English phrases:

Answer Red table

Infinite number

Blank tablet

Full container

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Question Empiricism is the view that:

Answer day-to-day experiences determine what an individual knows, and what is potentially knowable

certain kinds of knowledge and ideas are innate

the proper focus for psychology should be the study of immediate conscious experience

the mind arises entirely from the physical properties of the brain

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Question The view that day-to-day experiences determine what an individual knows, and what is potentially knowable, is known as:

Answer nativism

empiricism

functionalism

structuralism

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Question With respect to emotional development, Dr. Pendergrast has an empiricist view. This means that Dr. Pendergrast is most likely to believe that:

Answer certain aspects of emotional expression are innate

researchers should be most concerned with the function emotions serve

to understand emotions fully, researchers must understand each component of emotional expression

experience determines which emotions an individual will eventually display

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Question With respect to personality, Dr. Dayton has an empiricist view. This means that Dr. Dayton is most likely to believe that:

Answer certain aspects of personality are innate

researchers should be most concerned with the function that personality serves

to understand personality fully, researchers must understand each component of personality

experience determines which personality characteristics an individual will eventually display

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Question Dr. Cline believes that experience determines which specific aspects of language an individual will eventually master. With respect to language development, Dr. Cline takes:

Answer a nativist approach

an empiricist approach

a functionalist approach

a structuralist approach

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Question Dr. Greene believes that experience determines the degree and form of intelligence an individual will eventually display. With respect to intelligence, Dr. Greene takes:

Answer a nativist approach


an empiricist approach


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Question In describing the relationship between the mind and the body, René Descartes argued that:

Answer the mind and body must be kept separate

the mind and body are one and the same

the mind is of greater importance than the body

the body is of greater importance than the mind

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Question Frieda knows how the environment produces physical reactions in the nervous system that then produce brain activity. What she has trouble understanding is how cellular activity becomes consciousness, emotion, or knowledge. Frieda is considering the:

Answer cognitive revolution

structuralist-functionalist debate

nature-nurture problem

mind-body problem

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Question The interactionist perspective, which suggests that the mind and body are separate, but that allows for the possibility that one can importantly influence the other, was proposed by:

Answer Aristotle

Johannes Müller

René Descartes

Thomas Hobbes

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Question This person believed that the mind controlled the actions of the body through the pineal gland, a small structure at the base of the brain.

Answer Aristotle

Johannes Müller

René Descartes

Thomas Hobbes

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Question This person was the first to introduce the concept of the reflex. A reflex is an automatic, involuntary reaction of the body.

Answer Aristotle

Johannes Müller

René Descartes

Thomas Hobbes

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Question With respect to the mind-body problem, most modern psychologists:

Answer argue that the mind and body must be kept separate

assume that the mind is of greater importance than the body

assume that the body is of greater importance than the mind

reject the separation of mind and body

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Question Nativism is the view that:

Answer day-to-day experiences determine what one knows and what is potentially knowable

certain kinds of knowledge and ideas are in place at birth

the proper focus for psychology should be the study of immediate conscious experience

the mind arises entirely from the physical properties of the brain

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Question The view that certain kinds of knowledge and ideas are innate is:

Answer empiricism

functionalism

nativism

structuralism

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Question Which of the following individuals believed that humans are born with a certain mental structure that determines how they perceive the world:

Answer Charles Darwin

Sigmund Freud

Abraham Maslow

Immanuel Kant

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Question Immanuel Kant is most closely associated with which of the following:

Answer structuralism

empiricism

behaviorism

nativism

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Question Which of the following individuals was a nativist?

Answer Sigmund Freud

Aristotle

Immanuel Kant

All of these choices

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Question Dr. Adelbeck believes that certain aspects of emotional expression are innate. With respect to emotional development, Dr. Adelbeck takes:

Answer an empiricist approach

a nativist approach



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Question Dr. Sachs believes that certain aspects of personality are innate. With respect to personality development, Dr. Sachs takes:

Answer an empiricist approach

a nativist approach



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Question "Nurture" in the nature-nurture issue refers to:

Answer the influence of experience

the unconscious mind

innate factors that influence behavior

Gestalt influences on behavior

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Question "Nature" in the nature-nurture issue refers to:

Answer the influence of experience

the unconscious mind

innate factors that influence behavior

Gestalt influences on behavior

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Question With respect to language development, Dr. Simpson has a nativist view. This means that Dr. Simpson is most likely to believe that:

Answer experience determines which aspects of language an individual will eventually master

certain aspects of language are innate

researchers should be less concerned with the structure of language and more concerned with the function it serves

to understand language fully, researchers must understand each of its component parts

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Question With respect to intelligence, Dr. Hill has a nativist view. This means that Dr. Hill is most likely to believe that:

Answer experience determines the degree and form of intelligence an individual will eventually display

researchers should be less concerned with the structure of intelligence and more concerned with the function it serves

to understand intelligence fully, researchers must understand each of its component parts

certain aspects of intelligence are innate

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Question Gestalt psychologists are known for their work on:

Answer Sex differences

The mind-body relationship

Visual Processing


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Question Darwin suggested that certain traits are likely to persist due to natural selection because they are:

Answer subjective

reflexive

empirical

adaptive

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Question Darwin's theory of evolution lends the most support to:

Answer the empiricist position

the structuralist view

the nativist position

the eclectic approach

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Question Today, virtually all psychologists accept that psychological characteristics, such as intelligence, emotion, and personality:

Answer are influenced by genetic factors

are determined almost exclusively by experience

are hardwired into the brain during early development

can be linked to specific cells or structures within the brain

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Question From an adaptive perspective, it makes sense that:

Answer physical traits are determined by innate predispositions while psychological traits result from experience

psychological traits are determined by innate predispositions while physical traits result from experience

both physical and psychological traits are determined almost exclusively by innate factors or predispositions

both physical and psychological traits result from the interaction of innate predispositions with experience

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Question If you believe "nature" in the nature-nurture controversy is most important, you are most likely to agree that:

Answer Aristotle and the empiricists were correct to say the mind is a tabula rasa at birth.

personality is determined more by one's genes than by one's early childhood experiences

people who are violent probably became that way because of violence in their environment

sex differences in behavior are mostly due to cultural beliefs about how males and females should act

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Question The person who is traditionally recognized as the founder of modern psychology is:

Answer William James

Wilhelm Wundt

Sigmund Freud

John Watson

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Question The Psychology Department is located in a building named after the founder of scientific psychology. The name of the building must be:

Answer Wundt Hall

Titchener Hall

James Hall

Freud Hall

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Question Psychology was first established as an independent discipline in

Answer the first century when Greek philosophers questioned the nature of the human soul

1892 when G. Stanley Hall founded the American Psychological Association

1956 when Chomsky, Miller, and Simon showed that cognitive processes could be studied using empirical methods

1879 when Wundt established a research laboratory to study conscious experience

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Question The goal in structuralism is to:

Answer understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience

understand immediate conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements

discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes in measurable behavior

understand how memories and mental process produce problem behavior

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Question The scientific approach that is concerned with understanding immediate conscious experience through understanding all its constituent parts is:

Answer functionalism

behaviorism

structuralism

nativism

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Question You believe that psychology should strive to discover the elements of immediate experience and how they combine to produce meaningful wholes. Your view is most similar to:


structuralism

behaviorism

psychoanalysis

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Question The name most clearly linked with the structuralist view in psychology is:


Wilhelm Wundt

John Watson

Sigmund Freud

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Question Wilhelm Wundt is most clearly linked with:

Answer the functionalist view in psychology

the structuralist view in psychology

the nativist view in psychology

the humanistic view in psychology

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Question From 1880 through 1890 the study of psychology focused mainly on:

Answer understanding the purpose of conscious experience

investigating the basic elements of conscious experience

discovering the nature of stimulus-response associations

discovering how personality was shaped by unconscious thoughts and urges

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Question Dr. Kendle believes that the best way to understand complex processes, such as taste, is to break the processes down into their component parts. Dr. Kendle's views are consistent with the:

Answer functionalist approach to psychology

behavioral approach to psychology

structuralist approach to psychology

nativist approach to psychology

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Question Dr. Lehman believes that it is necessary to break complex processes, such as vision, down into separate component parts if we are to truly understand them. Dr. Lehman's views are consistent with the:





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Question Dr. Adams is studying human emotions using a structuralist perspective. It is most likely that Dr. Adams would suggest that we can only understand emotions:

Answer if all the component parts are understood

if we understand the role of emotions in human survival and adaptation

by observing the outward behaviors that accompany specific events

if we understand the unconscious motivations that produce the emotions we observe

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Question Gestalt psychologists believed that conscious perception involved more than simple summation of sensory input. This view deviates the most from the view held by psychologists in the:

Answer functionalist school

biophysical school

structuralist school

humanistic school

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Question Systematic introspection was used as an investigative technique by researchers who followed:

Answer the functionalist view of psychological research

the nativist view of psychological research

the psychoanalytic view of psychological research

the structuralist view of psychological research

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Question The psychological perspective that primarily relied on systematic introspection as a method of observation and data collection was:


functionalism

nativism

humanism

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Question Miranda is listening to a piece of music and tape-recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Miranda is using an investigative technique known as:

Answer systematic introspection

guided insight

client-centered therapy

functional determinism

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Question Dimitri is studying an abstract painting. As he studies the painting, he is recording all his impressions and feelings as soon as he experiences them. Dimitri's technique for understanding his conscious experience of the painting is known as:

Answer guided insight

systematic introspection

client-centered therapy

functional determinism

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Question A young man is sitting in a lab giving a detailed account of his subjective experiences concerning the taste of lemonade in hopes of discovering the basic units of the mind and perception. This is most characteristic of the research of:

Answer behaviorism

functionalism

psychoanalysis

structuralism

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Question Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection most influenced the development of:


psychoanalysis

functionalism

behaviorism

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Question The goal in functionalism is to:

Answer understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience


discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes in measurable behavior

understand how memories and mental processes produce problem behavior

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Question The scientific approach that is concerned with understanding the purpose of immediate conscious experience is:


structuralism

behaviorism

nativism

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Question The name most closely linked with the functionalist view in psychology is:

Answer Wilhelm Wundt

John Watson

William James

Sigmund Freud

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Question William James is most closely linked with:

Answer the structuralist view in psychology


the humanistic view in psychology

the functionalist view in psychology

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Question Dr. Evans believes that in order to fully understand complex processes such as taste, we need to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Evans' views are consistent with the:

Answer structuralist approach to psychology

functionalist approach to psychology



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Question Dr. Gephart believes that it is not possible to fully understand vision using only the summation of sensory experiences. Instead, Dr. Gephart believes we must also understand the purpose vision plays in survival and adaptation. This view is most consistent with the:





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Question Dr. Jones is studying human emotions using a functionalist perspective. It is most likely that Dr. Jones would suggest that we can only understand emotions:

Answer if all the component parts are understood

if we understand the role of emotions in human survival and adaptation

by observing the outward behaviors that accompany specific events

if we understand the unconscious motivations that produce the emotions we observe

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Question "Yes, there are four basic tastes, but I'm interested in how this has helped us adapt and survive." The type of psychologist who is most likely to make this type of statement would be:

Answer a structuralist

a psychoanalyst

a behaviorist

a functionalist

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Question The goal in behaviorism is to:

Answer discover how changes in the environment can lead to changes in measurable behavior


understand the purpose of immediate conscious experience

understand how memories and mental processes produce problem behavior

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Question The scientific approach that is concerned with discovering how changes in the environment can lead to changes in measurable behavior is:


functionalism

nativism

behaviorism

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Question The name most closely linked with the behaviorist view in psychology is:


William James

Sigmund Freud

John Watson

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Question The name most clearly linked with the behaviorist view in psychology is:


William James

Sigmund Freud

B.F. Skinner

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Question John Watson is most clearly linked with:


the behaviorist view in psychology

the psychoanalytic view in psychology


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Question B.F. Skinner is most clearly linked with:


the behaviorist view in psychology

the psychoanalytic view in psychology


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Question The person who advocated the view that psychology should focus on the study of observable behavior, rather than the study of conscious experience, was:


John Dewey

John Watson

Edward Titchener

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Question Behaviorism dismissed structuralism as unscientific because structuralists:

Answer studied subjective events

emphasized negative urges rather than positive potential

studied animal behavior instead of human behavior

emphasized highly variable cultural influences on behavior

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Question One of the main objections to the study of conscious experiences raised by psychologists who followed the behavioral perspective was that conscious experiences:

Answer are not directly observable and therefore cannot be verified

have no impact on current behavior

cannot be understood separately from the context in which they occur

will be different for each individual who is studied

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Question Dr. Richardson believes that the best way to make sense of human behavior is to look for links between environmental stimuli and observable responses. Dr. Richardson's views are consistent with the:


functionalist approach to psychology



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Question 125

Question Ruth believes that individuals learn to be aggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Ruth's view is most consistent with the:


nativist view of psychology


psychoanalytic view of psychology

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Question As psychology emerged as a discipline, the focus of psychological research shifted from:

Answer structuralism to functionalism to behaviorism

functionalism to structuralism to behaviorism

behaviorism to functionalism to structuralism

structuralism to behaviorism to functionalism

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Question Which of the following pairings is incorrect:

Answer John Watson: behaviorism

Sigmund Freud: functionalism

Wilhelm Wundt: structuralism

William James: functionalism

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Question The psychoanalytic view in psychology is most clearly associated with:

Answer Carl Rogers

Sigmund Freud

John B. Watson

Max Wertheimer

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Question Sigmund Freud was associated with which of the following schools of psychology:

Answer behaviorism

functionalism

structuralism

none of these choices

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Question Sigmund Freud's most distinctive departure from the prevailing attitudes in psychology was his emphasis on:

Answer systematic introspection as a tool to understanding human nature

finding the links between observable behavior and environmental stimuli

the conscious experience of everyday events

the unconscious determinants of behavior

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Question Dewayne plans to focus his studies on the unconscious determinants of behavior. His interests are most similar to which of the following:


Aristotle

Sigmund Freud

William James

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Question A major difference between Watson's behaviorism and Freud's psychoanalysis is that behaviorism stresses:

Answer the function of the mind, but psychoanalysis stresses the potential for growth

observable behavior, but psychoanalysis stresses unconscious urges

the potential for growth, but psychoanalysis stresses unconscious urges

biological activity, but psychoanalysis stresses observable behavior

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Question Gerard believes that individuals act aggressively toward each other as a result of unconscious motives and conflicts. Gerard's view is most consistent with the:

Answer psychoanalytic view of psychology


nativist view of psychology


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Question Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are most closely associated with:

Answer behavioral psychology

psychoanalysis

humanism

structuralism

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Question Humanistic psychologists, such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, focused on:

Answer unconscious animalistic urges

hidden conflicts that motivate human behavior

systematic introspection as a tool to understanding human nature

humans' unique capacity for self-awareness and growth

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Question Carl Rogers was associated with which of the following schools of psychology:

Answer behaviorism

functionalism

structuralism


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Question Abraham Maslow was associated with which of the following schools of psychology:

Answer behaviorism

functionalism

structuralism


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Question Which of the following pairings is incorrect:

Answer B.F. Skinner: behaviorism

Abraham Maslow: functionalism

Carl Rogers: humanism

Wilhelm Wundt: structuralism

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Question A capacity for self-awareness and personal growth is associated most closely with:

Answer psychoanalysis

empiricism

cognitive psychology

humanistic psychology

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Question Anthony wants to study the capacity for self-awareness and personal growth. Anthony is studying which of the following approaches to psychology?

Answer psychodynamic

humanistic

cultural

cognitive

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Question Calkins and Washburn are notable for:

Answer establishing the first psychology laboratory

developing humanistic psychology

first studying cross-cultural differences in behavior

being among the first female psychologists

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Question The first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association was:

Answer Mary Whiton Calkins

Anna Freud

Margaret Floy Washburn

Lillien Martin

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Question The person who developed the paired-associate learning technique for studying memory was:

Answer Helen Thompson Wooley

Ruth Howard

Christine Ladd-Franklin

Mary Whiton Calkins

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Question The first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was:

Answer Margaret Floy Washburn

Mary Whiton Calkins

Martha Bernal

Anna Freud

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Question Which of the following women helped to pioneer the study of sex differences?

Answer Lillien Martin

Helen Thompson Wooley

Mary Whiton Calkins


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Question Which of the following women is known for her early work on color vision?

Answer Lillien Martin

Christine Ladd-Franklin

Mary Whiton Calkins


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Question Helen Thompson Wooley is best known for which of the following:

Answer helped to pioneer the study of sex differences

helped to pioneer the study of ethnic differences

helped to pioneer the study of memory

helped to pioneer the study of women in psychology

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Question The first African American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was:

Answer Ruth Howard


Martha Bernal


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Question Ruth Howard is best known for:

Answer Being the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first Latina woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first African American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first Native American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

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Question Martha Bernal is best known for:

Answer Being the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first Latina woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first African American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

Being the first Native American woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology

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Question The first Latina woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology was:

Answer Ruth Howard


Martha Bernal


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Question Which of the following individuals conducted research following the structuralist approach to psychology?

Answer Margaret Floy Washburn

Edward Titchener

Wilhelm Wundt


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Question Utilizing a variety of theoretical approaches rather than a single approach is referred to as:

Answer the humanistic approach

the eclectic approach

the nativist approach

the behaviorist approach

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Question Most modern psychologists use a variety of perspectives when studying behavior. In other words, modern psychology uses:

Answer a structuralist approach


an eclectic approach

a behaviorist approach

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Question In trying to understand behavior and mental processes, the majority of modern psychologists:

Answer strictly adhere to one of the major schools of thought

have adopted an eclectic approach

have abandoned the behavioral approach and adopted a humanistic approach

rely on biological or genetic models

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Question When Seymour asked his psychology professor which approach she took in her research, she said she had an eclectic approach. This means that Seymour's professor:

Answer focuses on the unconscious, rather than the conscious determinants of behavior

investigates the ways in which nature and nurture interact to influence behavior

doesn't rely entirely on one perspective and uses methods from a variety of approaches

studies both the structure and the function of conscious experience

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Question Brenda is a clinical psychologist who uses a behavioral approach when she is treating a client with a phobia. However, Brenda takes more of a humanistic approach when she is treating a client who has low self-esteem and self-confidence. Brenda's approach to therapy would most accurately be described as:

Answer eclectic

behavioral-cognitive

functionalist

psychoanalytic

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Question At a conference held in 1956, Noam Chomsky, George Miller, and Herbert Simon presented papers on language, memory, and problem solving. This event sparked:

Answer the behavioral revolution in psychology

the field of cross-cultural psychology

the cognitive revolution in psychology

the humanist revolution in psychology

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Question In the 1950s a new approach emerged in psychology that refocused research on conscious experience and mental events. This new approach was known as:

Answer the behavioral revolution

the humanistic revolution

the cognitive revolution

the psychoanalytic revolution

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Question By the late 1950s, many psychological researchers began to shift away from:

Answer a strict focus on cognitive processes, and focus instead on behaviorism

behaviorism, focusing instead on a humanistic view of human nature

structuralism and functionalism, and focus instead on behaviorism

behaviorism, and focus instead on cognitive processes

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Question Which of the following approaches in psychology immediately preceded the cognitive resolution:

Answer behaviorism

functionalism

structuralism

psychodynamism

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Question One key factor that fueled the cognitive revolution in psychology was:

Answer the development of the computer

the difficulty researchers had in measuring behavior objectively

the development techniques that allowed genetic mapping

the refinement of systematic introspection as a research method

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Question Cognitive psychologists tend to develop explanations for behavior that are based on:

Answer linking observable behavior with environmental stimuli

unconscious motivation

information-processing systems

genetic mapping and biological processes

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Question Improvements in technology have led to advances in the cognitive approach and the:

Answer psychoanalytic approach

biological approach

cultural approach

behaviorist approach

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Question Advances in technology that allow researchers to create active images of the brain as information is processed have helped to advance psychologists' understanding of:

Answer cross-cultural differences in intelligence

the unconscious aspects of thought and behavior

the ways in which nature and nurture interact to affect behavior

the biological underpinnings of behavior

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Question Evolutionary psychology explores the influence of natural selection and:

Answer shared values and customs

changes in brain chemistry

innate mental mechanisms

immediate conscious experience

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Question Evolutionary psychologists examine behavioral processes in terms of their:

Answer overall adaptive value for a given species

link to biological processes

ability to be modified through environmental interactions

individual elements

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Question The view of natural selection is associated with which of the following:

Answer Abraham Maslow

Charles Darwin

John Watson


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Question A renewed interest in the adaptive value of behavior has contributed to the recent movement in psychology known as:

Answer psychobiology

evolutionary psychology

cultural psychology


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Question Dr Gionelli suggests that infant facial features naturally elicit caregiving responses from adults, which enhances the infant's chances for survival. Dr. Gionelli's views are most consistent with those of:

Answer behavioral psychology

evolutionary psychology

structuralism


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Question Dr. Franz accepts most of the basic ideas associated with evolutionary psychology. Her views would deviate the most from the views held by:

Answer functionalists

nativists

empiricists

eclectic psychologists

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Question Psychologists generally define culture as:

Answer the innate aspects of behavior shared by all people

the individual elements that make up conscious experience

the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group

the unconscious influences on behavior

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Question Freud's theory of personality stressed universal aspects of development. This means that his psychoanalytic theory largely ignored:

Answer the influence of innate factors on behavior

cultural influences on behavior

the adaptive purpose or function of a particular behavior

the impact of early experience on later development

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Question The influence of culture was largely ignored in mainstream psychology for many years because:

Answer researchers focused on discovering universal principles of behavior

culture has little influence on mental processes such as memory and perception

culture has very little influence on actions or behavior

researchers were not interested in the behavior of individuals in isolation

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Question Modern psychologists recognize that the values and shared beliefs of the community are important influences on behavior. In other words, they recognize the importance of:

Answer innate factors

cultural factors

humanistic factors

natural selection factors

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Documents

Name€ Chapter 1 (Multiple Choice)--Introduction to ......Answer € a clinical psychologist € a psychiatrist € an applied psychologist € a research psychologist Add Question