Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1Rhetorical Terminology
Name____________________________________________Date____________________
Rhetorical TerminologyDirections: Review the rhetorical terminology below filling in a blank spaces wherever applicable (examples, effects, mnemonic devices). For the blank “examples” of the terms, you may create your own, or find an effective example from another source (trustworthy online source, textbook, etc.). If you create your own, just be sure it’s accurate. If you’re unsure, consult a professional source. When identifying the “effects” of the rhetorical devices, determine why an author may choose to utilize the technique, or what effect a given technique may have on the reader. There may be more than effect achieved by a given rhetorical device. A “mnemonic device” is a strategy for remembering something, which will be critical to remembering the definitions and examples of so many terms! I will give you a few examples to start that help me, but don’t feel pressured to use these. They should be your own since no two people think alike!
Additionally, you will create one flashcard for each term. On your flashcard, you are required to include the definition and at least one example, but you may include more information if that helps you. You may also number your flashcards so they correspond with the numbered terms here. Your flashcards should be with you at all times, as you will need them throughout the year.
You will be tested repeatedly on all of these terms, so the more thoroughly you examine them now, the easier it will be to remember them later.
1. Diction/Tropes: word choiceMnemonic Device:
2. Figurative Language: writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid
Ex: Similes, metaphors, personifications are all examples of figurative language.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
3. Pun: a play on the meaning of words1) Repetition of a single word in two different senses
Ex: “If we don’t hang together, we will hang separately” –Benjamin FranklinEx:
2) Words sound alike but have a different meaning Ex: He couldn’t get his bearings straight in the Bering Strait. Ex:
3) Use of a single word with two different meaningsEx: The photograph of the Queen that appeared in the London Times caused a royal flush. Ex:
Effect of puns:
Mnemonic Device:
4. Metaphor: saying or implying that one thing is the other
2Rhetorical Terminology
Ex: George is a walking dictionary.Ex: Sarah’s eyes widened as she watched Sophia pass, awaiting the chance to attack her unsuspecting prey.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
5. Extended Metaphor/Conceit: a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.Ex: If one starts with the metaphor of "The seeds have already been sown,” an extension could be "It remains to be seen whether weeds or flowers will spring forth."Ex: Many fables and fairy tales are often extended metaphors such as short stories like "Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy" by Tim O'Brien and "Tandem" by Dan Libman, which uses the metaphor of a tandem bike ride to illustrate a difficult marriage.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
6. Simile: comparing two things using “like” or “as”Ex: “Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through.” –Jonathan SwiftEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
7. Personification: attributing human qualities to inanimate objectsEx: The buildings cast a watchful eye over the clean, quiet campus.Ex: High blood pressure is very real and dangerous, snatching the lives of many people.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
8. Jargon: specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar groupEx: Jargon of computer industry: “crash,” “interface,” “bug,” “CPU,” etc.Ex: (think sports, a specific subject area, video or card games, etc.)
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
9. Verbal irony: what is said is the opposite of what is meant; when this is said with intention to offend, it can be referred to as “sarcasm.”
Ex: In response to a really bad joke: “Wow. Hilarious.”
3Rhetorical Terminology
Ex: The new swimming pool and six more tennis courts were important additions to the Wilson University campus, even though the library funds had to be cut back. After all, students, accustomed as they are to the country-club life, would have been at a loss without their little luxuries. Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
10. Dramatic Irony: the audience knows something that the characters do notEx: Romeo and Juliet; the audience has knowledge that Romeo is not truly dead, but only sleeping, while Juliet kills herself thinking Romeo has truly died.Ex: Man is approaching a banana peel. The audience is aware he is about to fall, while he has no idea.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
11. Situational Irony: what happens is the opposite of what’s expectedEx: A couples’ counselor who has been divorced four timesEx: A vegetarian who works for a meat-packing plantEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
12. Hyperbole: deliberate exaggeration; opposite of litotes Ex: “You might have to go back to the Children’s Crusade in AD 1212 to find as unfortunate and fatuous an attempt at manipulated hysteria as the Women’s Liberation movement.” –Helen LawrensonEx: More homework? This is the worst day of my LIFE!Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
13. Litotes (LI-totes): opposite of hyperbole; understatementEx: It wasn’t my best moment.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
4Rhetorical Terminology
14. Synecdoche (Syn-ek-toe-kee): related to classification and division; in Greek, means “understanding one thing for another;” thus a part is substituted for the whole; one word makes us think of all things in the class
Ex: “bread” stands for food (“Give us today our daily bread…”), “hands” for helpers (“All hands on deck!”), and the slang expression “wheels” means a carEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
15. Metonymy (Ma-ton-o-mee): designation of one thing with something closely associated with itEx: The head of a committee is often known as the “Chair,” the king is often known as the “Crown,” the newspaper is often known as the “Press,” and a priest as the “Man of the cloth” because of the cloth piece often worn around his collarEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
16. Oxymoron: contradiction; two contradictory terms or ideas used togetherEx: Parting is such sweet sorrow.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
17. Paradox: a statement that appears to be contradictory but, in fact, has some truthEx: He worked hard at being lazy.Ex: Absolute seriousness is never without a dash of humor.Ex: Extremes meet, and there is no better example of haughtiness than humility.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
18. Juxtaposition: when two contrasting things—ideas, words, or sentence elements—are placed next to each other for comparison; sheds light on both elements in comparison
Ex: A writer may choose to juxtapose the coldness of one room with the warmth of another.Ex: Finger/thumb exampleEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
5Rhetorical Terminology
19. Rhetorical Question: those questions that do not require answers; can ask the reader to probe thought (What would you have done?); can ask the writer/themselves for self-reflection (What it was I really wanted?); can be intended to criticize (How can citizens fail to vote?); can ask and answer to clarify and persuade (Why has the incidence of rape increased? Studies show it has increased as the portrayal of violence and sex on television has increased.)
Ex: Listed aboveEx:
Effect: provoke thought in the audience, self-reflect, allow readers to empathize, criticize, persuade, make organization of ideas clearer
Mnemonic Device:
20. Onomatopoeia (On-o-mon-o-pee-ah): refers to the use of words whose sound reinforces their meaning; sound wordsEx: drip, cackle, bang, snarl, boom, cluckEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
21. Apostrophe: “a turning away.” You “turn away” from your audience to address someone new—God, the angels, heaven, the dead, or anyone not present
Ex: Death, where is thy sting?Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
22. Euphemism (You-fem-is-em): substituting less pungent words for harsh ones, with ironic effectEx: The schoolmaster corrected the slightest fault with his birch reminder. (a nicer way of referring to the stick he used to hit students)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
23. Synonym: a word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another wordEx: funny and laughableEx: big and largeEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
24. Antonym: a word that has the opposite meaning as another wordEx: big and smallEx: serious and carefree
6Rhetorical Terminology
Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
25. Person: describes the relationship of a writer/speaker to an audience by examining the pronouns that are used; “point-of-view”
26. First person: I, we, us, our, me, my, mine, ours; narrator is an active participant in the story Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
27. Second person: you, your, yours; narrator speaks directly to the audienceEffect:
Mnemonic Device:
28. Third person limited: he, she, they, them, their, theirs, his, hers; narrator is outside of the story; narrator is able to “see” into the mind and feelings of one character
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
29. Third person omniscient (om-nis-ent): he, she, they, them, their, theirs, his, hers; narrator is outside of the story; narrator is able to “see” into the minds and feelings of all characters; “God-like”
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
30. Allusion/Allude: a reference to another thing, idea or person outside of the textEx: “She faced the challenge with Homeric courage.” (“Homeric” is an allusion to Homer’s words The Iliad and The Odyssey.)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
31. Ambiguity/Ambiguous: uncertain, indefinite, unclearEffect:
Mnemonic Device:
32. Antecedent (Ant-ti-see-dent): the noun a pronoun stands for; can often be ambiguous creating a variety of effectsEx: The car he wanted to buy was a green one. (pronoun: one, antecedent: car)Ex: Sarah wanted to show Anna her new puppy, but she arrived too late. (pronoun: she, antecedent: ?)Ex:
7Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
33. Image, imagery: words that appeal to the senses Ex: (Tactile) Grandma's hugs burn my skin. Ex: (Auditory)There was a pitter-patter of rain against the window. Ex: (Visual) (create your own)
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
34. Syntax/Schemes: word order; sentence structureMnemonic Device:
35. Parallelism: expresses similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structuresEx: “…for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Protection, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.” Ex: He tried to make the law clear, precise, and equitableEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
36. Chiásmus (kī-AS-mus): derived from the Greek letter CHI (X); grammatical structure of the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating the same words.
Ex: “And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” –John F. KennedyEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
37. Climax: writer arranges ideas in order of importanceEx: I spent the day clearing the house, reading poetry, and putting my life in order. (“my life in order” being the most important of those listed tasks)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
38. Antithesis: the juxtaposition of contrasting ideasEx: “Our knowledge separates as well as unites; our order disintegrate as well as bind; our art brings us together and sets us apart.”Ex:
8Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
39. Epanalepsis (epanálēpsis): repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginningEx: “Blood hath bought blood, and blows answer ‘d blows;Strength match’d with strength, and power confronted power.” –ShakespeareEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
40. Epistrophe: repetition of the same word or groups of words at the end of successive clauses (opposite of anaphora)Ex: I’ll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond!Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
41. Anaphora: the regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses (opposite of epistrophe)
Ex: We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields and in the streets—Ex: …The Lord reamaineth a King forever. The Lord shall give strength unto his people. The Lord shall give his people the blessing of peace. Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
42. Zeugma (zoog-muh): a breach of sense in a sentence; it occurs when a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them
Ex: She carried an old tapestry bag and a walk that revealed a long history of injury. (“carried” only makes literal sense with “bag,” but not “walk.”)
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
43. Anastrophe (uh-nas-truh-fee): word order is reversed or rearranged; in Greek means a “turning back”; in this figure the usual word order is reversed
Ex: Told you, I did. Reckless is he. Now matters are worse.Ex: "Mind what you have learned. Save you it can."Ex:
9Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
44. Appositive Phrase/Apposition: the placing next to a noun another noun or phrase that explains itEx: Pollution, the city’s primary problem, is an issue.Ex: John, my brother, is coming home.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
45. Parenthesis: the insertion of words, phrases, or a sentence that is not syntactically related to the rest of the sentence. Such material is set off from the rest of the sentence in one of two ways. Either is acceptable.
Ex: By dashes: He said that it was going to ruin—I could hardly disagree—before the game was over.Ex: By parentheses: He said it was going to ruin (I could hardly disagree) before the game was over.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
46. Asyndeton (uh-sin-di-ton): conjunctions are omittedEx: I came, I saw, I conquered. (Does NOT say: I came, so I saw, and I conquered.)Ex: But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
47. Polysyndeton (pol-ee-sin-di-ton): the use of many conjunctions Ex: I kept remembering everything, lying in bed in the mornings—the small steamboat that had a long rounded stern like the lip of a Ubangi, and how quietly she ran on the moonlight sails, when the older boys played their mandolins and the girls sang and we ate doughnuts dipped in sugar, and how sweet the music was on the water in the shining night, and what it has felt like to think about girls then.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
48. Alliteration: the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive wordsEx: Even though large tracts of Europe have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo, we shall not flag or fail.Ex: Mary makes money Mondays.Ex:
Effect:
10Rhetorical Terminology
Mnemonic Device:
49. Periodic sentence: long, complex, grammatically correct structure in which its central meaning is an independent clause at the end (structurally opposite of a loose sentence)
Ex: "In the week before their departure to Arrakis, when all the final scurrying about had reached a nearly unbearable frenzy, an old crone came to visit the mother of the boy, Paul." -Frank Herbert, Dune, 1965 (independent clause is italicized)Ex: "Democracy is that system of government under which people, having 60,000,000 native-born adults to choose from, including thousands who are handsome and many who are wise, pick out a Coolidge to be head of state. It is as if a hungry man, set before a banquet prepared by master cooks and covering a table an acre in area, should turn his back upon the feast and stay his stomach by catching and eating flies." -H. L. Mencken, "The Comedian"Ex:
Effect: Adds emphasis and structural variety; drives reading to discover meaning
Mnemonic Device:
50. Loose sentence: a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. A work containing many seems informal, relaxed and conversational (structurally opposite of a periodic sentence)
Ex: He went into town to buy groceries, visit his friends and go to the bookstore. (independent clause is italicized)Ex: She drove her car to go to the movies, and got gas.Ex:
Effect: Informal, relaxed, conversational
Mnemonic Device:
51. Assonance: involves the repetition of sounds within words (usually vowels)Ex: From nose to toes, the body is beginning to sag. Ex: No pain, no gain.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
52. Consonance: words at the ends of verses in which the final consonants in the stressed syllables agree but the words that precede them differ; sometimes called “half rhyme”
Ex: A quietness distilled,As twilight long begun.Or Nature, spending with herselfSequestered afternoon
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
53. Predicate Adjectives: one type of subject complement—an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb (form of “to be”). It is the predicate (end) of the sentence, and modifies the subject.
Ex: My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome. (“tall, dark, and handsome” comes at the end, but still describes the subject, “boyfriend.”
11Rhetorical Terminology
Ex: The young girl was brunette. (“brunette” describes/modifies the subject, “girl” even though it occurs at the end.)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
54. Predicate Nominative: a second type of subjective complement—a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject; it follows a linking verb (form of “to be”) and is located in the predicate (end) of the sentence.
Ex: Abe Lincoln was a man of integrity. (“man of integrity” renames the subject “Abe Lincoln”)Ex: The new student was Annabelle. (“Annabelle” renames the subject “student”)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
55. Appeal to Bathos: false or forced emotion that is often humorous; takes emotion to such an extreme that the reader finds it humorous rather than touching.
Ex: Cheesy love poem
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
56. Appeal to Ethos: using ethics or values as a controlling principle in an argument
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
57. Appeal to Logos: use of reason or logic as a controlling principle in an argument
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
58. Appeal to Pathos: a sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work; use of emotion as a controlling principle in an argument
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
59. Elegy: a work (of music, literature, dance, or art), that expresses sorrow; it mourns loss, such as the death of a loved one
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
12Rhetorical Terminology
60. Eulogy: a speech or written passage in praise of a deceased personHint: Elegy laments; eulogy praisesEx: Many eulogies were spoken in honor of the brave New York City firefighters who heroically lost their lives on 9/11.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
61. Epitaph: writing in praise of a dead person, most often inscribed upon a headstoneEx: Mary Smith—A loving, selfless mother, wife, grandmother, and sister
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
62. Foreshadowing: a purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative; bread crumbs
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
63. Parody: an effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing an imitation of the work or play in the author’s style
Ex: Saturday Night Live (imitates real commercials, news programs, and shows to mock them)Ex: The Onion (imitates the style of a real newspaper to mock news)Ex: YouTube imitations of real shows to mock them
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
64. Satire: to ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines, or to make fun of human foibles or weaknessesEx: “A Modest Proposal” and Gulliver’s Travels, both by Jonathan Swift, are satires of particular people and events of his time criticizing practices of the time.Ex: The Onion (criticizes human nature)
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
65. Syllogism (Syll-o-jis-em): a form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusionEx: All children are imaginative; Sam is a child; therefore Sam is imaginative.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
66. Mood: the prevailing or dominant feeling of a word, scene, or event; atmosphereEx: The opening scene of Macbeth in which three witches are center stage sets a mood of doom and tragedy for the first act of the play.
13Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
67. Tone: attitude; the way the author presents a subjectEx: serious, scholarly, humorous, mournful, ironicEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
68. Anachronism (an A krun ism): something out of place in time and sequenceEx: Jill was something of an anachronism; she insisted on carrying a parasol when going out in the sun and believed that a woman’s place was at home in the kitchen and with children.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
69. Archetype: a perfect example; an original pattern or modelEx: Steve enjoyed stealing candy from babies, tripping elderly women in crosswalks, and pilfering money from the Save the Children charity jar; he was the archetype of pure evil. (As in, he fit the perfect “pattern” or example of evil.)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
70. Lexicon: a book describing language with definitions; a dictionaryEx: When his teacher wrote that his essay was “abysmal,” Eddie decided to look it up in his lexicon and found that this was quite insulting. Ex: (of a sentence using this term in context)
Mnemonic Device:
71. Forensic Arguments: arguments about the pastEx: Did the company deliberately ignore evidence that its product was deficient? Ex: Was the contract properly enforced?Ex:
Effect: (Will be explicitly discussed later.)
Mnemonic Device:
72. Deliberative Arguments: arguments about the futureEx: Should two people of the same sex be allowed to marry?
14Rhetorical Terminology
Ex: Should the U.S. Treasury Department bail out failing banks and businesses in times of economic chaos?Ex:
Effect: (Will be explicitly discussed later.)
Mnemonic Device:
73. Epideictic/ Ceremonial Arguments: arguments about the presentEx: Inaugural addresses, sermons, eulogies, graduation speeches, and civic remarks of all kinds
Effect: (Will be explicitly discussed later.)
Mnemonic Device:
74. Allegory: the device of using character and/or story element symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. For instance, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. Usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. May also be visual. Similar to an extended metaphor, but on a grander scale.
Ex: (Visual) Grim reaper=deathEx: (Literature) Plato’s “allegory of the cave” in The Republic
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
75. Analogy/Analogous: a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with, or pointing out its similarity to, something more familiar. A paralleling scenario.
Ex: Banning biracial marriages is analogous with the contemporary ban against gay marriages.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
76. Aphorism: a terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.)
Ex: "Sits he on ever so high a throne, a man still sits on his bottom." –MontaigneEx: "All men should strive to learn before they die, what they are running from, and to, and why." -James ThurberEx:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
77. Caricature: a representation, especially pictorial or literary, in which the subject’s distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect; can sometimes be so exaggerated that it becomes a grotesque imitation or misrepresentation. Synonymous words include burlesque, parody, travesty, satire, lampoon.
Ex: Mr. Chadband is a large yellow man, with a fat smile, and a general appearance of having a good deal of train oil in his system…Mr. Chadband moves softly and cumbrously, not unlike a bear who has been taught to walk upright. He is very much embarrassed about the arms, as if they were inconvenient to him, and he wanted to grovel; is very much in a perspiration about the head; and never speaks without first putting up his great hand, as delivering a token to his hearers that he is going to edify them.Ex: (Depiction of Charles Darwin)
15Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
78. Colloquialism: slang or informality in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, these give work a conversational, familiar tone. These expressions in writing include local or regional dialects. Often would be nonsensical if literally translated into another language.
Ex: "I think country gets dumped on across the board by the Grammys." -Toby KeithEx: She was recently dumped by her fiancé.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
79. Dialect: the language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific group, region, or group (a specific type of colloquialism)Ex: “You betcha”Ex: “Y’all”Ex: “Yuns” (Pennsylvanian for plural “you”)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
80. Connotation: the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. They may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes.
Ex: “obese” v. “a whale” (Although both terms mean significantly overweight, “obese” is recognized as a more scientific/medical way to articulate that, while calling someone “a whale” has the definite association of being offensive or demeaning.)Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
81. Denotation: the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or colorEx: “whale”- any of the larger marine mammals of the order Cetacea, especially as distinguished from the smaller dolphins and porpoises, having a fishlike body, forelimbs modified into flippers, and a head that is horizontally flattened. (Although a “whale” can have the association of being overweight, the literal dictionary definition has nothing to do with that and is a purely biological explanation.)
16Rhetorical Terminology
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
82. Genre: the major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. Also includes subdivisions; for example prose can be divided into fiction (novels and short stories) or nonfiction (essays, biographies, autobiographies, and so on).
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
83. Prose: one of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most clearly resemble everyday speech. Technically anything that isn’t poetry or drama fits into this genre, but it can borrow poetic or dramatic elements. Therefore, all passages in the AP Language and Composition Exam fit within this genre.
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
84. Homily (HOM-uh-lee): literally means “sermon,” but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice (a sermon in disguise).
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
85. Invective: an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive languageEx: "Curse the blasted, jelly-boned swines, the slimy, the belly-wriggling invertebrates, the miserable sodding rotters, the flaming sods, the sniveling, dribbling, dithering, palsied pulse-less lot that make up England today. . . . God, how I hate them! God curse them…God blast them, wishwash. Extermine them, slime…" -D.H. Lawrence, letter to editor Edward Garnett, July 3, 1912Ex: "A knave, a rascal, an eater of broken meats; a base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited, hundred-pound, filthy worsted-stocking knave; a lily-livered, action-taking, whoreson, glass-gazing, super-serviceable, finical rogue; one-trunk-inheriting slave; one that wouldst be a bawd in way of good service, and art nothing but the composition of a knave, beggar, coward, pander, and the son and heir to a mongrel bitch: one whom I will beat into clamorous whining if thou deni'st the least syllable of thy addition." -Kent addressing Oswald in William Shakespeare's King Lear, II.2
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
86. Pedantic (puh-DAN-tik): an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish
Ex: His message was so esoteric that the capitulation from his argument was not obvious.Ex:
Effect:
Mnemonic Device:
17Rhetorical Terminology
