Name __________________ Regents Review #7 Date _________________

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the picturesof four rocks shown below. Magnified views of therocks are shown in the circles.

A) They show cleavage.B) They contain minerals.C) They are organically formed.D) They formed on Earth’s surface.

1. What do all four rock samples have in common?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

2. Which rock is metamorphic and shows evidence offoliation?

A) glassy texture with gas pocketsB) clastic texture with angular fragmentsC) bioclastic texture with cemented shell fragmentsD) foliated texture with microscopic mica crystals

3. Which physical characteristic best describes the rockphyllite?

A) extrusive igneousB) intrusive igneousC) clastic sedimentaryD) chemical sedimentary

4. Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles areclassified as

5. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of twominerals.

A) light reflects from crystal surfacesB) energy is released during crystallizationC) of impurities that produce surface variationsD) of the internal arrangement of the atoms

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarilybecause

A) pyroxene B) quartzC) biotite D) potassium feldspar

6. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyoliteand andesite?

7. The rock shown below has a foliated texture andcontains the minerals amphibole, quartz, and feldspararranged in coarse-grained bands.

A) slate B) duniteC) gneiss D) quartzite

Which rock is shown?

A) andesite B) pegmatiteC) pumice D) scoria

8. Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and containsthe minerals potassium feldspar and quartz?

A) structureB) colorC) crystal sizeD) mineral composition

9. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks wouldprovide the least evidence about the environment inwhich the rocks were formed?

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 10 through 13 on the diagram below which shows the structure of astudent-developed chart for identifying some rock samples. The circles labeled choice 1 through choice 4represent decision-making steps leading either to path (a) or path (b). Choice 5 has not been completed.

A) grain size B) mineral cementC) mineral color D) horizontal layering

10.Which characteristic should be used at choice 5 to further identify the types of clastic sedimentary rocks?

A) mineral composition B) crystal sizeC) the temperature at which rocks form D) the appearance of the rock grains

11.Before the student can select either path (a) or path (b) at choice 1, the student must make a decision about

A) peridotite B) quartzite C) gneiss D) dolostone

12.Which rock specimen should lead the student to choice 4, path (a)?

A) a random arrangement of mineral crystals B) distorted structure and crystal alignmentC) bands of mineral crystals D) layers of same-sized crystals

13.At choice 2, the student should generally select path (a) if the student observes

A) granite B) shaleC) breccia D) dolostone

14. Which rock is sedimentary in origin and formed as aresult of chemical processes?

A) shale B) siltstoneC) sandstone D) conglomerate

15. Which sedimentary rock is formed by the compactionand cementation of sorted sediments 0.05 centimeter indiameter?

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 16 through 20 on the diagrams below which represents the same rockmaterial at five stages of development. The graph below shows the temperature and depth of burial atwhich stages A through D develop Stage E has intentionally been omitted from the graph.

A) noncrystalline B) foliated C) clastic D) glassy

16.The rocks in stages C and D are both

A) 10 km B) 7 km C) 3 km D) 0 km

17.According to the graph, gneiss is formed at a depth of approximately

A) temperature and pressure both decreaseB) temperature and pressure both increaseC) temperature decreases and the pressure increasesD) temperature increases and the pressure decreases

18. Clayey sandstone will form gneiss if the

A) uplift, weathering, and erosion of the schistB) cementing of sediment grains followed by compactionC) melting of the schist followed by coolingD) heat and/or pressure applied to the schist

19. In the simple rock-cycle diagram, which processes along path X would change the schist (stage C) directlyinto a pile of sediments (stage A)?

Regents Review #7

A) B)

C) D)

20. Which graph correctly shows where magma would begin to crystallize into granite (stage E)?

Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the cross section below. Rock units are labeled 1 through 8.The line between A and A' indicates an unconformity.

A) marble B) basalt C) quartzite D) hornfels

21. Which rock most probably formed in the contact metamorphic zone within rock unit 6?

A) very hard B) coarse textureC) light color D) felsic composition

22. Which characteristic of the granite intrusion provides the most evidence that it solidified deepunderground?

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 23 through 26 on the diagram below, which represents a scheme forclassifying rocks. The letters A, B, C and X, Y, Z represent missing labels.

A) shale, slate, and schistB) sandstone, shale, and siltstoneC) anthracite coal, metaconglomerate, and rock saltD) breccia, gneiss, and rhyolite

23. Which rocks could be represented by circles X, Y, and Z?

A) schist B) anthracite coal C) marble D) slate

24. If the rock in circle C formed from limestone, it would be called

A) deposition and compaction B) weathering and erosionC) melting and solidification D) faulting and folding

25. Which processes would form the type of rock that is represented by circle B?

A) origin B) density C) color D) age

26. The classification of rocks into sedimentary or nonsedimentary groups is based primarily on the rocks'

A) mineral composition of the magmaB) cooling rate of the magmaC) fossil content of the rockD) color of the rock

27. Large crystals in an igneous rock most likely form as aresult of the

A) sandstone B) conglomerateC) quartzite D) granite

28. Particles of sediment collected from a lake bottomaveraged 1.2 centimeters in diameter. If left on the lakebottom to become buried by more sediment andcompressed into rock, these particles would form

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the data table below, which lists some properties of fourminerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn).

A) 22.7 cm3 B) 31.4 cm3 C) 40.0 cm3 D) 44.0 cm3

29. A sample of sphalerite has a mass of 176.0 grams. What is the volume of the sample?

A) all four zinc minerals in the tableB) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemiteC) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemiteD) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite

30. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch

A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite

31. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?

A) the absolute age of the sediments within the rockB) the mineral composition of the sediments within

the rockC) the particle size of the sediments within the rockD) the density of the sediments within the rock

32. Which characteristic determines whether a rock isclassified as a shale, a siltstone, a sandstone, or aconglomerate?

A) cementing together of individual miner grainsB) cooling and crystallization of magmaC) evaporation of an ancient oceanD) heat and pressure during metamorphism

33. Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneissbedrock probably formed from the

A) sulfuric acid B) pencil leadC) plaster of paris D) window glass

34. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz?

A) B)

C) D)

35. The diagrams below represent four rock samples.Which rock was formed by rapid cooling in a volcaniclava flow? [The diagrams are not to scale.]

A) scoria B) gabbroC) schist D) shale

36. Which type of rock most likely contains fossils?

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 37 through 39 on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F.

A) volcanic eruptions and crystallization B) compaction and/or cementationC) heat and pressure D) melting and/or solidification

37. Most of the rocks shown were formed by

A) rock salt and conglomerate B) rock salt and brecciaC) sandstone and shale D) sandstone and limestone

38. Which two rocks are composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals?

A) B)

C) D)

39. Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture?

Regents Review #7

40. The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a specific rock.

A) limestone B) gneiss C) schist D) coal

Which rock is formed as a result of these three stages?

Base your answers to questions 41 and 42 on thediagram below, which shows the results of threedifferent physical tests, A, B, and C, that wereperformed on a mineral.

A) amphibole B) quartzC) galena D) graphite

41. Which mineral was tested?

A) using an electronic balanceB) using a graduated cylinderC) observing how light reflects from the surface of

the mineralD) observing what happens when acid is placed on

the mineral

42. The luster of this mineral could be determined by

43. The flowchart below illustrates the change from meltedrock to basalt.

A) slowly, resulting in fine-grained mineralsB) slowly, resulting in coarse-grained mineralsC) rapidly, resulting in coarse-grained mineralsD) rapidly, resulting in fine-grained minerals

The solidification of the melted rock occurred

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 44 through 48 on the table below which provides information about thecrystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.

A) green color B) felsic compositionC) folded layers D) metallic luster

44. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?

A) B) C) D)

45. Which diagram best represents the texture, composition, and intergrown crystals of rock A?

A) A and B B) B and C C) C and D D) A and D

46. Which two rocks most likely formed farthest below the surface of Earth?

A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite

47. Rock B most likely is

A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead

48. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust.These two elements are oxygen and

Regents Review #7

A) B) C) D)

49. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens. Whichcrystals most likely formed from molten material that cooled and solidified most rapidly?

Base your answers to questions 50 and 51 on thephotograph below. The photograph shows severalbroken samples of the same colorless mineral.

A) fracture B) hardnessC) streak D) cleavage

50. Which physical property of this mineral is most easilyseen in the photograph?

A) quartz B) calciteC) galena D) halite

51. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph?

A) conglomerate and sandstoneB) siltstone and shaleC) bituminous coal and brecciaD) fossil limestone and chemical limestone

52. Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist ofparticles that have diameters smaller than 0.006centimeter?

A) intergrown crystals B) fossilsC) minerals D) sediments

53. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks areusually composed of

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 54 through 58 on thediagrams below of five rock samples.

A) heat and pressureB) melting and solidificationC) compaction and cementationD) erosion and deposition

54. The basalt was most likely formed by

A) conglomerate B) sandstoneC) gneiss D) granite

55. Which sample is composed of sediments 0.006centimeter to 0.2 centimeter in size that werecompacted and cemented together?

A) conglomerate B) sandstoneC) gneiss D) basalt

56. If granite were subjected to intense heat and pressure, itwould most likely change to

A) sandstone B) conglomerateC) basalt D) granite

57. Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture?

A) gneiss B) graniteC) sandstone D) basalt

58. Which sample would most likely contain fossils?

A) granite B) rhyoliteC) gabbro D) basalt

59. Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed ofapproximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclasefeldspar, 10% olivine, and 5% amphibole?

A) layering B) foliationC) distorted structure D) glassy texture

60. Which feature is characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

A) lava that cooled slowly on Earth’s surfaceB) lava that cooled quickly on Earth’s surfaceC) silt that settled slowly in ocean waterD) silt that settled quickly in ocean water

61. What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock?

62. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohshardness scale compared with the hardness of somecommon objects.

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum.B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny.C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz.D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A) large forestsB) a range of volcanic mountainsC) many terrestrial animalsD) a warm, shallow sea

63. Large rock salt deposits in the Syracuse area indicatethat the area once had

Regents Review #7

64. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below. Location A is within themetamorphic rock.

A) marble B) quartzite C) phyllite D) slate

The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely

65. The diagram below shows some features in a cave.

A) siltstone B) basalt C) quartzite D) limestone

Which type of rock was chemically weathered by acidic groundwater to produce the cave and its features?

A) color B) textureC) hardness D) streak

66. Which characteristic of an igneous rock would providethe most information about the environment in whichthe rock solidified? A) a lubricant

B) an abrasiveC) a source of ironD) a cementing material

67. The mineral graphite is often used as

Regents Review #7

68. The geologic cross section below shows variations of mineral composition that can be observed in thePalisades Sill. The Palisades Sill is an intrusive igneous rock called diabase.

A) andesite B) granite C) rhyolite D) gabbro

Which other igneous rock is closest to diabase in mineral composition?

A) shale schist phyllite slate gneissB) shale slate phyllite schist gneissC) shale gneiss phyllite slate schistD) shale gneiss phyllite schist slate

69. Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as shaleis subjected to increasing heat and pressure?

70. The table below shows some observed physicalproperties of a mineral.

A) sulfur and leadB) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogenC) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesiumD) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron

Based on these observations, the elements that make upthis mineral's composition are

A) erosion of rocksB) recrystallization of rocksC) cooling and solidification of molten magmaD) compression and cementation of soil particles

71. Metamorphic rocks result from the

72. The diagram below represents top and side views of amodel of the silicate tetrahedron.

A) hydrosphere B) troposphereC) lithosphere D) stratosphere

This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in the Earth's

A) igneous and metamorphic rocks, onlyB) metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, onlyC) sedimentary rocks, onlyD) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

73. Which type(s) of rock can be the source of depositedsediments?

Regents Review #7

74. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which shows a portion of Eath'scrust. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate sedimentary layers.

A) granite B) pegmatite C) gabbro D) pumice

The igneous rock is mostly composed of potassium feldspar and quartz crystals that have an average grainsize of 3 millimeters. The igneous rock is most likely

75. In the diagram below, each angle of the trianglerepresents a 100 percent composition of the mineralnamed at that angle. The percentage of the mineraldecreases toward 0 percent as either of the other anglesof the triangle is approached. Letter A represents themineral composition of an igneous rock.

A) rhyolite B) pumiceC) granite D) gabbro

Rock A is a coarse-grained igneous rock that can best beidentified as

76. The three statements below are observations of the samerock sample:• The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3millimeters in diameter.• The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, greenolivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole.• There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.

A) sandstone B) gabbroC) granite D) phyllite

This rock sample is most likely

77. A student classified the rock below as sedimentary.

A) The rock is composed of several minerals.B) The rock has a vesicular texture.C) The rock contains fragments of other rocks.D) The rock shows distorted and stretched pebbles.

Which observation about the rock best supports thisclassification?

A) granite B) andesiteC) peridotite D) scoria

78. A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly ofplagioclase feldspar and hornblende and containing noquartz or pyroxene would be classified as

A) the color of the rockB) the size of the rockC) the texture of the rockD) the thickness of the rock

79. Which characteristic provides the best evidence aboutthe environment in which a rock was formed?

Regents Review #7

A)

B)

C)

D)

80. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with theircorrect rock types?

81. The geologic cross section below shows limestone thatwas intruded. Part of the limestone (zone A) was heatedintensely but was not melted.

A) gneiss B) slateC) marble D) obsidian

Which type of rock most likely formed in zone A?

A) Magma must be weathered before it can change tometamorphic rock.

B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented beforeit can change to sedimentary rock.

C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can changeto metamorphic rock.

D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can changeto sedimentary rock.

82. Which statement about the formation of a rock is bestsupported by the rock cycle?

A) in regions of recent volcanic activityB) deep within the Earth's crustC) along the mid-ocean ridgesD) as a thin layer covering much of the continents

83. Where are the Earth's sedimentary rocks generallyfound?

A) densityB) porosityC) permeabilityD) number of fossils present

84. Which characteristic of rocks tends to increase as therocks are metamorphosed?

A) precipitation from seawaterB) solidification of magmaC) folding of clay-sized particlesD) melting of sand-sized particles

85. Which process most likely formed a layer of thesedimentary rock, gypsum?

A) B)

C) D)

86. Which graph best shows the relationship between thesize of the crystals in an igneous rock and the length oftime it has taken the rock to solidify?

87. The diagram below represents the fossils found in abedrock formation located in central Rhode Island.

A) sedimentary rock that formed in an oceanenvironment

B) sedimentary rock that formed in a landenvironment

C) igneous rock that formed in an ocean environmentD) igneous rock that formed in a land environment

In which type of rock were the fossils most likelyfound?

Regents Review #7

Base your answers to questions 88 through 90 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used asgemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh’s Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).

A) fracture B) hardness C) luster D) streak

88. Part of a gemstone’s value is based on the way the gemstone shines in reflected light. The way a mineralreflects light is described as the mineral’s

A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formationC) oxygen content D) natural abundance

89. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone’s

A) corundum B) diamond C) fluorite D) topaz

90. Sapphire is a gemstone variety of which mineral on Moh’s scale of hardness?

91. The diagram below shows four rock samples.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with regional metamorphism?

A) obsidian B) rhyoliteC) gabbro D) scoria

92. Which igneous rock is dark colored, cooled rapidly onEarth's surface, and is composed mainly of plagioclasefeldspar, olivine, and pyroxene? A) slate B) hornfels

C) dunite D) marble

93. Which rock is only formed by regional metamorphism?

Regents Review #7

94. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.

A) age of formation B) infiltration rateC) physical properties D) temperature of formation

An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral’s

95. The graph below shows the relationship between the cooling time of magma and the size of the crystalsproduced.

A) B)

C) D)

Which graph correctly shows the relative positions of the igneous rocks granite, rhyolite, and pumice?

Regents Review #7

96. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.

A) Most rocks are monomineralic.B) All rocks are polymineralic.C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in common.D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.

Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table?

A) Magma must be weathered before it can change tometamorphic rock.

B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented beforeit can change to sedimentary rock.

C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can changeto metamorphic rock.

D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can changeto sedimentary rock.

97. Which statement about the formation of a rock is bestsupported by geologic evidence?

A) more mafic and less denseB) more mafic and more denseC) more felsic and less denseD) more felsic and more dense

98. Biotite mica and muscovite mica have differentchemical compositions. Compared to the magma fromwhich biotite mica forms, the magma from whichmuscovite mica forms is usually

99. The diagram below shows the mineral composition ofan igneous rock drawn actual size.

A) gabbro B) graniteC) basalt D) rhyolite

This igneous rock is

Regents Review #7

100. The diagram below represents geological processes that act continuously on Earth to form different rocktypes.

A) B)

C) D)

Which table correctly classifies each rock type?