Name of the Department :- BOT-C-111 Diversity of Microbes ... of Bo… · Ist BOT-C-111 Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams 02 ... Comparative study of cell structure in Onion cells,

Proforma

UG Ist Semester

Name of the Department :- Botany

Class :- B.Sc.

Semester Course No. Course Title Credit

Ist BOT-C-111 Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams 02

BOT-C-112 Cell Biology 02

BOT-C-113 Practical 02

UG IInd

Semester


Class :- B.Sc.


IInd

BOT-C-211 Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams 02

BOT-C-212 Genetics 02


UG IIIrd

Semester


Class :- B.Sc.


IIIrd

BOT-C-311 Diversity and Systematics of seed Plants 02

BOT-C-312 Structure, Development & Reproduction

in Flowering Plants

02


Proforma

UG IVth

Semester


Class :- B.Sc.


IVth

BOT-C-411 Diversity of systematic of seed plants 02

BOT-C-412 Structure, Development & Reproduction

in flowering plants.

02


UG Vth

Semester


Class :- B.Sc.


Vth

BOT-C-511 Plant Physiology & Biochemistry 02

BOT-C-512 Plant Ecology 02


UG VIth

Semester


Class :- B.Sc.


VIth

BOT-C-611 Plant nutrition, growth and basic

biotechnology

02

BOT-C-612 Plant Ecology 02


Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.)

Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – I

(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100 Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - I

Paper - I

Course - BOT 111 : Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

Bacteria and Cyanobacteria : General account of bacteria – structure, nutrition,

reproduction and economic importance : General account of cyanobacteria.

Fungi : General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features

and life history of Mastigomycotina – Pythium, Phytophthora and Zygomycotina –

Mucor; General account of Lichens.

Algae : General characters and classification. Important features and life history of

Chlorophyceae – Volvox, Oedogonium, Coleochaete and Xanthophyceae – Vaucheria.

Bryophyta : Important characters and classification : Structure and reproduction in

Hepaticopsida : Marchantia.

Pteridophyta : Important characters and classification; Structure and reproduction in

Rhynia, Lycopodium and Selaginella.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - I

Paper - II

Course - BOT – C 112 : Cell Biology

Concept of Cell, Cell organization, Structure and function of Cell wall and Plasma

membrane.

Structure and function of cell organelles : Gogibody, Endoplasmic reticulum Lysozomes,

Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, Chloroplast, Mitochondria. .

Structure and function of nucleus; Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane; Nucleolus;

Extranuclear genome, Mitochondrial and plastid DNA; Plasmids.

Chromosome structure : Morphology, chemical nature. Organization : Nucleosome

model; special types of chromosomes-Polytene and Lampbrush chromosome, Sex

chromosome; Cell cycle : Mitosis and Meiosis.

Variation in chromosomes structure : Deletions, duplications, translocations, inversions;

Variations in chromosome number : Aneuploidy and polyploidy.



(Session 2010-11)

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - I

Paper - I and II Practical Course - BOT – C 113

Suggested Laboratory Exercises :

1. Gram staining of Bacteria

2. Cyanobacteria : Oscillatoria, Nostoc.

3. Study of certain Algae and Fungi.

Algae: Volvox, Oedogonium, and Coleochaete.

Fungi: Pythium, Phytophthor and Mucor,

4. Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of Marchantia.

5. Pteridophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and organization of strobilus of

the sporophytes of Lycopodium and Selaginella. Study of slide of Rhynia

(Fossil).

6. Study of the museum specimens of Lichens and plant hosts infected by fungi

and bacteria.

7. To study cell structure from Onion leaf peels; demonstration of staining and

mounting methods.

8. Comparative study of cell structure in Onion cells, Hydrilla and Spirogyra.

Study of cyclosis in Tradescantia staminal cells.

9. Study of plastids to examine pigment distribution in plants (e.g. species of

Cassia, Lycopersicon and Capsicum).

10. Examination of electron micrographs of eukaryotic cells with special reference

to organelles.

11. Study of electron micrographs of viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria and

eukaryotic cells for comparative cellular organization.

12. Examination of various stages of mitosis and meiosis using appropriate plant

material (e.g. onion root tips, onion flower buds).


Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – II

(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - II

Paper - I

Course - BOT – C 211 : Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams

Viruses and Mycoplasma: General account of Viruses and Mycoplasma

Algae: General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features

and life history of : Phaeophyceae – Ectocarpus, Sargassum and Rhodophyceae –

Polysiphonia.

Fungi: General characters, classification and economic importance; Important features

and life history of: Ascomycotina – Saccharomyces, Eurotium, Chaetomium, Peziza,

Basidiomycotina – Puccinia, Agaricus, Deuteromycotina – Cercospora, and

Colletotrichum,

Bryophyta: Alternation of generations in Bryophyta; Structure, reproduction and

classification of : Anthocerotopsida: Anthoceros and Broypsida : Funaria.

Pteridophyta : Characteristics of Sphenopsida and Pteropsida; Structure and

reproduction in Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea.


Syllabus for B.Sc. Sem – II

(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - II

Paper - II

Course - BOT – C 212 : Genetics

DNA as a genetic material, its structure and replication; Structure and types of

RNA; Satellite and repetitive DNA.

Structure of Gene; Genetic code; Transfer of genetic information-transcription and

translation; Protein synthesis; tRNA and ribosomes.

Regulation of Gene-Expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Protein : structure

and function.

Genetic inheritance : Mendelism-laws of segregation and independent assortment;

Linkage and crossing over; Allelic and non-allelic interactions of genes.

Genetic variations : Mutation-spontaneous and induced; Transposable genetic

elements; DNA damage and repair.



(Session 2010-11) Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - II

Paper - I and II

Practical Course - BOT – C 213

Suggested Laboratory Exercises:

1. Thallophyta : Study of following Algae and fungi.

Algae : Ectocarpus, Sargassum,

Fungi : Saccharomyces, Eurotium, Chaetomium, Peziza, Puccinia, Agaricus,

Cercospora, Colletotrichum.

2. Bryophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of

Anthoceros and Funaria.

3. Pteridophyta : Study of morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures of

Equisetum, Pteris and Marsilea.

4. Study of museum specimens of plant hosts infected with Viruses, Mycoplasma

and Fungi.

5. Study of karyotypes.

6. Cytological examination of special types of chromosomes : Bar body,

Lampbrush and Polytene chromosomes.

7. Working out the Mendel’s laws of inheritance.

8. Working out the mode of inheritance of linked genes.

Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, SAGAR (M.P.)

Semester wise syllabus for under graduates classes

(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - III

Paper - I

Course - BOT – C 311 Diversity and Systematics of Seed Plants

Geological time scale, Fossil Gymnosperms e.g. Lyginopteris, Lygenostoma.

General Characters and classification of Gymnosperms.

Position of Gymnosperms in plant kingdom

Heterospory and origin of seed habit.

Morphological diversity of Gymnosperms and distribution of Gymnosperms in India.

Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and Life cycle of Cycas

Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and Life Cycle of Pinus.

Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction and life cycle of Ephedra.

Economic importance of Gymnosperms.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - III

Paper - II

Course - BOT – C 312 Structure, Development and

Reproduction in flowering plants.

The basic body plan of a flowering plant, General description of plant parts in technical

terms. Variation in habit of flowering plants. Diversity in plant form in annuals, biennials

and perennials.

The Root System : The root apical meristem (RAM); differentiation of primary and

secondary tissues and their roles; Structural modification of roots for different purposes.

The Shoot System : the shoot apical meristem (SAM) Anatomy of primay stem in

monocotyledon and Dicotyledons, stem modifications for different purposes.

Branching pattern – Monopodial and Sympodial growth, Canopy architecture.

Vascular cambium and its function; formation of secondary Xylem, growth rings, Spring

wood & Winterwood, Sapwood and Heart wood, Secondary phloem, Cork cambium and

Periderm, Utility of secondary wood.



(Session 2010-11)

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - III

Paper - BOT – C 313 I (Practical)


Practicals

Morphological and Anatomical features of the root, coralloid root, rachis and leaflet of

Cycas.

Structure of male cone female cone Ovule and Seed of Cycas. Morphological Differences

in three species of Cycas.

Morphological and Anatomical features of longshoot, dwarf shoot and needle of Pinus,

Structure of Male cone and Female cone.

Study of Male & Female cone of Ephedra.



(Session 2010-11)

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - III

Paper - BOT – C 313 II (Practical)


Study of different types of plants – annual, biennial and perennials.

Study of different types of root and root modification.

Anatomy of monocot & dicot roots.

Study of different type of stem and stem modifications.

Anatomy of Primary Structure of monocot and dicot stem.

Study of different types of branching pattern.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - IV

Paper - I

Course - BOT - C 411Diversity and Systematics of Seed Plants

Origin and evolution of Angiosperms.

Taxonomic concepts, Processes and principles, Botanical nomenclature Taxonomic

ranks.

Classification of Angiosperms Salient features of the system proposed by Bentham and

Hooker, Englar and Prantl and Hutchinson.

Modern trends in Taxonomy – Cytology, Phytochemistry Embryology Taximetrics etc.

Systematic Institutions – Taxonomic literature, Herbarium, Botanic garden.

Diagnostic characteristic and economic importance of Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae,

Malvaceae, Rutaceae and Apiaceae.

Diagnostic characteristic and economic importance of Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae,

Lamiaceae, Euphoricaceae and Liliaceae.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 100

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - IV

Paper - II

Course : BOT - C 412 - Structure Development and Repro-

duction in flowering plants.

Leaf : Origin, development, arrangement and diversity in size and shape; internal

structure in relation to Photosynthesis and water loss; adaptations to water stress;

senescence and abscission.

Flower : Concept of flower as a modified shoot, structure of anther,

Microsporogenesis, formation of pollen grains (male gametophyte), structure of pistil,

ovules, Megasporogenesis, Study of different types of embryosac (female gametophyte).

Attraction and rewards for pollinators, pollen pistil interactions. Mechanism and agencies

of pollination, pollen germination and pollen tube growth self incompatibility.

Double fertilization, Development of endosperm and embryo in monocotyledons and

dictyledons, Fruit development and maturation.

Seed : Significance of seed dormancy, ecological adaptation, dispersals strategies,

vegetative reproduction, vegetative propagation, grafting, economic aspects.



(Session 2010-11)

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - IV

Paper - BOT-C 413 I and II (Practical)


Practical

Paper – I

Study of different plants of family Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae,

Apiaceae, Asclepidaceae, Solanaceae, Limiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and liliaceae.

Practical

Paper – II

Study of different types of leaves.

Arrangement of leaves.

Internal structure of monocot and dicot leaves.

Study of Pollen-grains.

Pollen germination, Embryo sac types

Different types of fruits.

Vegetative propagation, grafting, Layering etc.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - V

Paper - I

Course : Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Course Code : BOT – C 511

Plant Water relation : Importance of water to plant life, Physical properties of water,

diffusion and osmosis absorption, transport of water and transpiration : physiology of

stomatal movement.

Nutrition : Essential macro-and micro-element and their role, mineral uptake,

deficiency and toxicity symptoms.

Transport of organic substances, Mechanism of phloem transport, source-sink

relationship, Factors affecting translocation.

Basics of Enzymology : Discovery and nomenclature of enzymes, concept of

holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme and cofactors, regulation of enzyme activity,

mechanism of action.

Photosynthesis : Significance, historical aspects photosynthetic pigments, action spectra

and enhancement effects, concept of two photosystems, Z-scheme, photophosphorylation

Cavin cycle, C4 Pathway, CAP Plants : Photorespiration.

Nitrogen and lipid metabolism : Biology of nitrogen fixation, importance of nitrate

reductase and its regulation, ammonium assimilation, structure and function of lipids,

fatty acid biosynthesis α and β-oxidation, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, storage

and mobilization of fatty acids.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - V

Paper - II

Course : - BOT - C 512 Plant Ecology

Ecology : Definition, scope and relation to other sciences, subdivisions of Ecology

Ecosystem Concept : Structure : Abiotic and biotic components, Ecological Pyramids;

Energy flow : Trophic levels, food chain and food web. Flow of energy.

Biogeochemical Cycles : Carbon and Nitrogen; Hydrological cycle, local and global Cycles.

Population Ecology : Structure, characteristics, growth and regulation.

Community Ecology : Concept of community, Structure, succession and climax.

Ecological Factors : Soil : Physico-chemical properties, soil profile and development;

Temperature, Light and Biotic factors.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - V

Paper - I Practical

Course Code : BOT – C 513 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

1. To study the permeability of plasma membrane using different concentration of

organic solvents.

2. To study the effect of temperature on permeability of plasma membrane.

3. To study of enzyme activity of catalase and peroxidase as influenced by pH and

temperature.

4. Determination of photosynthetic rate under different affecting factors.

5. Separation of Chloroplast pigments by chromatography.

6. Determination of osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by Plasmolytic method.

7. Biochemical analysis of unknown organic sample.

8. To determine the rate of photosynjthesis in plants.

9. To find out stomatal index and frequency of the plants.

10. Lipid testing for degree of unsaturation, iodine number and acid value.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - V

Paper - II (Practical)

Course Code - BOT - C 513 Plant Ecology


1. Survey of common plant species of grassland.

2. To determine minimum number of quadrats required for studying structure

of grassland vegetation.

3. To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare

the frequency distribution with Raunkiae’s standard frequency diagram.

4. To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.

5. To measure the above ground plant biomass in a grassland.

6. To determine diversity indices (richness, Simpson, Shannon – Wiener) in

grazed and protected grasslands.

7. To analyse the physicochemical characteristics of soil.

Suggested Reading (For Ecology and Utilization of Plants) :

Odum, E.P. 1983. Basic Ecology, Saunders, Philadephia.

Kormondy, E.J. 1996. Concepts of Ecology. Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. New Delhi.

Mackenzie, A et al. 1999. Instant Notes in Ecology. Viva Bookds Pvt. Books Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi.

Suggested Reading (For Utilization of Plants) :

Kocchar, S.LO. 1998. Economic Botany in Tropics, 2’d edition. Macmillan India Ltd.

New Delhi.

Sambamuthy, AV.S.S. and Subramanyam, N.S. 1989. A Textbook of Economic Botany

Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

Sharma, O.P. 1996. Hill’s Economic Botany (Late Dr. A.F.; Hill adapted by O.P.

Sharma). Tata Mcgraw Hill Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

Simpson, B.B. and Conner – Orgorzaly, M. 1986. Economic Botany – Plants in our

Word. Ambasht R.S. Plant Ecology.

Champion and Seth 1968, Forests of India-classification – F.R.I. Publication.

Doubenmire Plant & Environment.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - VI

Paper - I

Course : Plant Physiology Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Course Code : BOT-C-611

Respiration : ATP - The biological energy currency, aerobic and anaerobic respiration,

Kreb’s cycle, electron transport mechanism, proton motive fore, redox potential,

oxidative-phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway (shunt).

Growth and Development : I – Definitions, phase of growth and development, kinetics

of growth, plant hormones – auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene,

history and their discovery, biosynthesis and mechanism of action, photomorphogenesis,

phytochromes and cytochromes, their discovery, physiological role and mechanism of

action.

Growth and Development : II – Physiology of flowering, florigen concept, biological

clock, physiology of senescence fruit ripening, seed dormancy, seed germination and

factors affecting germination, plant movements, the concepts of photoperiodism.

Genetic engineering : Tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology : Cloning

vectors, genomic and cDNA library, transposable elements, techniques of gene mapping

and chromosome walking. Role of enzymes in genetic engineering.

Biotechnology : Functional definition, basic aspects of plant tissue culture, cellular

totipotency, differentiation and morphogenesis, biology of Agrobacterium, vectors for

gene delivery and marker genes, salient achievement in crop biotechnology.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - VI

Paper - II

Course - Plant Ecology

Course Code - BOT-C-612

Habitat Ecology : Freshwater Ecology : Water as environment; Biotic component :

Classification of freshwater organisms.

Terrestrial Ecology : Terrestrial environment, General structure of terrestrial

communities : forest and grassland; Terrestrial Biomes.

Environmental Pollution : Definition, Air, Water and soil pollution.

Global environmental changes : Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse gases, Global warming

and its consequences, ozone depletion.

Resourse conservation : Biodiversity : Importance, Distribution on earth, Biodiversity

rich areas, hotspots, conservation strategies.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - VI

Paper - I

Course - Practical

Course Code - 613

1. Seed viability test.

2. To determine the rate of respiration.

3. To determine the RQ of different substrate.

4. Seed germination studies under varying condition.

5. Bio-assay of auxin, cytokinin, GA ABA and ethylene using appropriate plant

material.

6. Demonstration of the technique of micropropagation by using different excision,

e.g. axillary buds. Shoot meritstems.

7. Demonstration of the technique of anther culture.

8. Isolation of protoplasts from different tissues using commercially available

enzymes.

9. Demonstration of root and shoot formation from apical portion of stem segments

in liquid medium containing different hormones.

10. To study percentage of seed germination.



(Session 2010-11)

Marks – 50

Class - B.Sc.

Subject - Botany

Semester - VI

Paper - II (Practical)

Course Code - 613


1. Survey of aquatic manophytes.

2. Study of physicochemical properties of water : pH, dissolved CO2, hardness

etc.

3. To study the structure of forest and grassland vegetation : Frequency,

Density, Abundance, Distributional pattern etc.

4. Measurement of diversity in forest and grassland vegetation.

5. To study dust holding capacity of plants.

6. To study the adaptations in plants growing in different environment.

7. Exercise related to air and water pollution.

Suggested Reading (For both V & VI Sem.) :

1. Singh, J.S., S.P. Singh and S.R. Gupta (2008). Ecology Environment and

Resource conservation Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Odum, E.P. (1971) Fundamentals of Ecology, 3rd

Edition Saunders College

Publishing, Philadelphia.

3. Odum, E.P. (1975). Ecology, Oxford IBH Pub New Delhi.

4. Odum, E.P. (1983) Basic Ecology Saunders College Publishing,

Philadelphia.

5. Smith, R.L. (1966) Ecology and field Biology. Harper Collins college

Publisher Inc., New York.

6. Misra, R. (1968) Ecology workbook. Oxford IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi.

7. De, A.K. (1987) Environmental Chemistry. Wiley Eastern Limited, New

Delhi.

8. Adoni, A.D. (1985) Workbook on Limnology, Pratibha Pub., Sagar.

9. di Castri, F. and T. Younes (1996) Biodiversity, Science and Development

IUBS, France.

10. Solbrig, O.T., H.M. Emden and Van Oordt P.A.W.J. (1992) Biodiversity

and Global change, IUBS, France.

11. Myers, N. et. al. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

Nature, 416 : 853-856.

Documents

Name of the Department :- BOT-C-111 Diversity of Microbes ... of Bo… · Ist BOT-C-111 Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams 02 ... Comparative study of cell structure in Onion cells,