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John LockeJohn Locke
Natural Rights Natural Rights are those rights which we have as human beings. We have rights to Life, Liberty, and Property. All people have Natural Rights equally.
The State of Nature is unsatisfactory, so they agree to transfer some of their rights to a central government, while retaining others (Social Social ContractContract).
Governments are instituted by the Consent of the Governed. The purpose is to preserve the Natural Rights of Life, Liberty, and Property of the citizens, and to pursue the public good even where this may conflict with the rights of individuals.
The best government was one with limited powers that was accepted by all citizens. If the government fails to protect their Natural Rights, the people also have the right, or duty, to overthrow that government.
We hold these truths to be
We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are
self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are
created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are
Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit
Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness.--That to secure
of Happiness.--That to secure
these rights, Governments
these rights, Governments
are instituted among Men, are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers deriving their just powers
from the from the consent of the consent of the
governed,governed, --That whenever --That whenever
any Form of any Form of Government
Government
becomes destructive becomes destructive of these of these
ends, it is the ends, it is the Right of the
Right of the
People to alter or to abolish
People to alter or to abolish
itit, and to institute new , and to institute new
Government, laying its Government, laying its
foundation on such principles
foundation on such principles
and organizing its powers in
and organizing its powers in
such form, as to them shall
such form, as to them shall
seem most likely to effect seem most likely to effect
their Safety and Happiness.
their Safety and Happiness.
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
““I may disagree with what you I may disagree with what you have said but I will defend to have said but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
the death your right to say it.”Voltaire (Taken from Voltaire (Taken from Treatise on Treatise on ToleranceTolerance – 1763) – 1763)
“… “… I will go even further and say I will go even further and say that we ought to look upon all that we ought to look upon all
men as our brothers. What! Call men as our brothers. What! Call a Turk, a Jew, and a Siamese, my a Turk, a Jew, and a Siamese, my
brother? Yes of course; for are brother? Yes of course; for are we not all children of the same we not all children of the same father, and the creatures of the father, and the creatures of the
same God?”same God?”Voltaire (Taken from Voltaire (Taken from Treatise on Treatise on
ToleranceTolerance – 1763) – 1763)
Congress shall make
Congress shall make
no law respecting an
no law respecting an
establishment of
establishment of
religion, or prohibiting
religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise
the free exercise
thereof; or abridging
thereof; or abridging
the freedom of the freedom of
speech, or of the
speech, or of the
press; or the right of
press; or the right of
the people peaceably
the people peaceably
to assemble, and to
to assemble, and to
petition the petition the
Government for a
Government for a
redress of grievances.
redress of grievances.
US Bill of Rights US Bill of Rights
(James Madison?)(James Madison?)
We hold these truths to be
We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are
self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are
created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator
endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable
with certain unalienable
Rights, that among these are
Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit
Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness.--That to
of Happiness.--That to
secure these rights,
secure these rights,
Governments are instituted
Governments are instituted
among Men, deriving their
among Men, deriving their
just powers from the
just powers from the consent consent
of the governed,
of the governed, --That --That
whenever any Form of
whenever any Form of
Government becomes
Government becomes
destructive
destructive of these ends, it
of these ends, it
is the is the Right of the People to
Right of the People to
alter or to abolish it
alter or to abolish it, and to , and to
institute new Government,
institute new Government,
laying its foundation on such
laying its foundation on such
principles and organizing its
principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to
powers in such form, as to
them shall seem most likely
them shall seem most likely
to effect their Safety and
to effect their Safety and
Happiness. Happiness. Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence
A.K.A.: The separation of powers among the 3 branches of government—executive, judicial, and legislative. The provide checks & balances on each others’ powers.
1) Supply & Demand will dictate what is produced, when it's produced, how it's produced, and at what cost
2) Competition will dictate the quality of what is produced, and control pricing, in order to increase sales