Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______5/18/23

CP2 KEY TERMS AND OBJECTIVES FOR Cell Membranes, Organelles and Transport 2009-2010

OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to…6.1: All organisms are made of cells:1. List the three main parts of a cell2. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities : 1. Define: selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer2. Describe the structure of cellular membranes. Use the terms phospholipid, protein,

hydrophobic, hydrophilic and bilayer3. Given a diagram of a phospholipid membrane, be able to label the following: hydrophobic

portion, hydrophilic portion, phospholipid, protein, bilayer4. Identify functions of proteins in cellular membranes5. Draw a basic phospholipid and label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions6. Explain why we need cell membranes around our cells

6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules:7. Define: Osmosis, Diffusion8. Match each of the key terms below to its correct definition9. Relate the terms: diffusion and equilibrium10.Explain why the three types of passive transport are grouped together.11.Describe how passive transport occurs12.Differentiate between an isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution13.Explain what would happen to a human blood cell if placed in each of the three solutions

mentioned above in #10. Explain what happens, and WHY it happens (where are the water / solutes moving to?)

14.Explain the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion15.Explain how active transport differs from passive transport16.Explain why we need active transport

6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products:17.Match each of the organelles to its correct function – see organelle function WS18.*View a variety of cells using a compound light microscope19.Label a microscope diagram with its correct parts20.Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells21.Compare and contrast plant and animal cells22.Give an example of a prokaryotic and two examples of eukaryotic cells23.Given a diagram of a plant or animal cell, be able to identify all of the major organelles and

parts studied in class.

SECTIONS IN BOOK:Biology: Exploring Life 6.1 – All organisms are made of cellsBiology: Exploring Life 6.2 – Membranes organize a cell’s activitiesBiology: Exploring Life 6.3 – Membranes regulate the traffic of moleculesBiology: Exploring Life 6.4 – The cell builds a diversity of products

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KEY TERMS:6.1: All organisms are made of cells:

Organelle: small part of a cellEukaryote: cell that contains a nucleus and many organellesProkaryote: cell that lacks a nucleus and many organelles

6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities : Selectively permeable: some materials are allowed to pass through, but others are notPhospholipid bilayer: a “sandwich” of molecules that surrounds an organelle or a cell

6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules:Passive Transport: transport within a cell in which no energy is usedActive Transport: transport within a cell in which energy is usedDiffusion: the net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentratedEquilibrium: balanceHypertonic: high concentration of solutesHypotonic: low concentration of solutesIsotonic: equal concentration of solutes

6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products: see chart of organelles and their functions

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Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________ Class: ________

CELL UNIT PROJECTS - CHOICE

Your assignment is to work in groups of 1 to 4 people to make a project that demonstrates your understanding of the structure of each cell organelle and its function. You may work with students in another class of mine if you wish. (100 points)

This Project is due on: ______________________________

• Audio recording (no video) of a rap, nursery rhyme or other type of song about the main parts and functions of the eukaryotic cell. Have the words to the rap as your background so people can sing along! (Your vocals must be clear!) (Song must be at least 2 minutes long!) You may use analogies to explain (this can get fun!)

• Make a music video about the main parts and functions of the eukaryotic cell. Include pics of cell and parts, or video yourself playing an instrument and singing the song! (Your vocals must be clear!) (Song must be at least 2 minutes long!) You may use analogies to explain (this can get fun!)

• Use Glogster to make an online poster that highlights the main parts and functions of the eukaryotic cell. http://edu.glogster.com/

• (You MUST use this Glogster EDU site above. NOT Glogster.com)

• Create a 3-Dimensional STURDY eukaryotic cell model out of whatever you wish to use, and include a cell analogy poster that lists each cell part, it’s function, and an analogy for the function to an item used in everyday life. This model must stand up by itself, or you must provide materials to hang it from the ceiling if it is not made of perishable material. You may NOT do the same type of model as someone else! For example, if someone makes a cell model out of a pizza, NO ONE else in any class this year may do that!

• Create a skit about different eukaryotic cell parts and their functions. Costumes / Accessories to differentiate between organelles are a must! (Skit must be at least 3 minutes long!) You may use analogies to explain (this can get fun!)

• Draw or paint a large-scale, intricate eukaryotic cell diagram, with the cell parts labeled, and include a cell analogy poster that lists each cell part, it’s function, and an analogy for the function to an item used in everyday life. Must take up at least 90% of an 8 ½ x 11 piece of paper. Must be on sturdy background.

• Write a poem about the main parts of the eukaryotic cell and its corresponding functions.

• Comic strip / Graphic “mini” novel on paper, PowerPoint, Microsoft word, etc.

• Pop-up book - one page for the picture of the cell and one page for each organelle. See me at least one week before the due date if you would like to do another format.

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• Online cell review practice test in Google docs. This will be used as a pretest for other classes in the future. • Animated movie / comic strip on: (these are all free)

• Scratch: http://scratch.mit.edu/• Doki (Can’t find)• Photostory (for windows only. Use iPhoto and iMovie in mac to create a slideshow)

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/digitalphotography/PhotoStory/default.mspx (or search for photostory and download from Microsoft site)

• Xtranormal: http://www.xtranormal.com/• or other appropriate site

• Cell costume – Make a wearable cell costume that includes all of the parts listed below.

• Other: See me if there is another medium you would like to use to present your information.

• REQUIREMENTS :

• Meets specific requirements for project medium (see above) (15 points)

• Accuracy (24 points)

• Creativity (15 points)

• Spelling and grammar (10 points)

• Obvious time invested (10 points)

• Includes these parts and their functions for an animal cell (26 points)• Cell membrane• Nucleus• Nuclear envelope / membrane• Nucleolus• Chromosomes / Chromatin• Mitochondrion• Ribosome• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Body• ***Lysosome• Vacuole• ***Centriole• Cytoplasm• Plant cells must include all except lysosome and centriole, but ADD cell wall

and chloroplasts.

Your organization plan is due to me by: ___________________________ (Describe the specific roles of each person involved and when they must have them completed by).

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: _______

NOTES: All Organisms are Made of Cells: Concept 6.1

This is the Note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)

Three Main Parts of a Cell• The Boundary (cell membrane and/or cell wall)• The Cytoplasm (which contains all of the organelles)• The Nucleus (holds DNA)

The Boundary• The cell membrane is the thin, outer covering of the cell.• Some cells, like plants, have a cell wall in addition to the cell membrane.• The membrane defines the boundary and regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell

and its surroundings.• The cell membrane is selectively permeable. This means it allows some materials in and not

others.

Cytoplasm• The entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the cell (plasma) membrane is called

the cytoplasm.• The cytoplasm contains many organelles, which are small parts in a cell that have specific

jobs.• Organelle means “mini-organ”

Two Major Classes of Cells• Prokaryotic cells (lack a nucleus and most other organelles)

– Example: bacteria– These are the oldest organisms (they evolved a LONG time ago!)

• Eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus and most other organelles)– Examples: fungi, plants, animals– These organisms are younger (they evolved recently)

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Prokaryotic Cell: (Bacteria Cell)

Note how simple the cell is – not many parts compared to the eukaryotic cell

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Eukaryotic Cell: (Animal Cell)

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Eukaryotic Cell: (Plant Cell)

–

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Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ Class: _______

Questions for “All organisms are made of cells” Concept 6.1

Read in your text (Biology: Exploring Life) and answer the following questions:

*Skip to the section titled “An Overview of Animal and Plant Cells” on page 112.

1. What does “organelle” mean?

2. What are two similarities between plant and animal cells?

3. What is the function of a plasma membrane?

4. What are two differences between plant and animal cells?

5. What happens in the process of photosynthesis?

6. What is the function of the cell wall?

7. Do animal cells have cell walls?

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8. What are the two basic kinds of cells?

9. What is the difference between the two basic kinds of cells?

10.List two examples of organisms that are eukaryotes (organisms that have eukaryotic cells)?

11.List two examples of organisms that are prokaryotes (organisms that have prokaryotic cells)?

12.Which organisms are more complex: prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

13.Are humans prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

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Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ Class: _______

Questions for “Membranes organize a cell’s activities” Concept 6.2

Read in your text (Biology: Exploring Life) and answer the following questions:*These questions correspond to the section titled “Membrane Structure” only.

1. In addition to keeping cells organized and keeping teams of enzymes together, what do membranes do?

2. What are the two components that make up cell membranes?

3. Draw a basic (simplified) diagram of a phospholipid and label the following: head, tails, hydrophobic region, hydrophilic region.

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Name: __________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Class: _____________

NOTES: Membranes organize a cell’s activities: Concept 6.2

This is the Note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)

Membrane Structure• The cell membrane keeps the cell separate

from the rest of it’s environment.• Organelle membranes keep the cell

organized since they keep each organelle separate from each other.

• Membranes are made mostly of proteins and phospholipids

• The cell membrane also allows cells to maintain their internal concentrations of water, glucose, and other nutrients, while at the same time, eliminating wastes.

Phospholipid Structure• Phospholipids have two parts:

– Hydrophilic heads– Hydrophobic tails

• The first diagram on the right shows exactly what a phospholipid looks like, and the second shows a simplified model

Fluid Mosaic Model• Phospholipids can move sideways through

their layer. • This makes each layer resemble a fluid• This is similar to the ducks sitting on top of the pond to the right

They can move freely past each other, but always remain oriented the same way as each other – heads on top, feet underneath.

• Descriptions of the cell membrane are known as the “Fluid Mosaic Models”

Phospholipid Bilayer• The phospholipids make a “sandwich” of molecules, called a

bilayer, that surrounds an organelle or a cell.• The hydrophilic ends face the watery inside and watery outside

of the cell• The hydrophobic ends are shielded from the water

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The Functions of Membrane Proteins• The proteins that are embedded in the bilayer have many functions:

– Enzyme Activity : (build up and break down substances)– Cell Identification / Recognition :(tell what type of cell it is, or who it belongs to)– Cell Signaling : release or absorb chemicals into and out of cells– Transport of Materials : release or absorb nutrients or waste products into and out of cells

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Name: _____________________________________________________________ Date: _____________ Class: ____________

Phospholipid Membrane Coloring

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The worksheet below mentions the “transparency.” It is referring to the diagram on the next page. The phospholipid in the “upper right corner” us the one in the middle of the top of the page.

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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______

NOTES: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules – Diffusion (Concept 6.3)

This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)

Movement in a cell Materials such as water, nutrients, dissolved gases, ions and wastes must constantly be

moved into and out of a cell.

A selectively permeable membrane allows some substances to cross the membrane more

easily than others.

Think of a window screen that allows air to pass through to your house, but not bugs.

Two types of movement in a cell• Passive Transport (requires NO energy)

– Diffusion

– Osmosis

– Facilitated Diffusion

• Active Transport (requires energy)

Diffusion• Particles are constantly in motion

• Diffusion is the net movement of particles of a substance from where they are in high

concentration to where they are in low concentration.

• Molecules move faster at higher temperatures

• Result of diffusion: equilibrium (balance) is reached.

• Once equilibrium is reached, the molecules continue to move, but there is no overall change

Example of Diffusion

Dye Molecules Diffuse Across A Membrane

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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______

NOTES: Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion (Concept 6.3b)

This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)

Osmosis• Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

• All Cells are surrounded by water solutions

• Solutions can either be

– Hypertonic

– Hypotonic, or

– Isotonic

• This depends on the amount of dissolved substances in the solution compared to the

amount in the cell

Hypertonic• Concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than inside the cell

– Net movement of water OUT of the cell

Hypotonic• Concentration of solute outside the cell is lower than inside the cell

– Net movement of water is INTO the cell

Hypertonic Hypotonic

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Isotonic• Concentration of solutes are the same inside and outside the cell

– When cells are placed into an isotonic solution, water moves in and out of the cell at

equal rates…

– Therefore…there is NO net movement of water in an isotonic solution

Osmosis and EquilibriumIn the diagrams, the sugar cannot pass through the membrane to reach equilibrium, so the water

moves instead to make the two environments isotonic.

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Water Balance in Animal Cells• Put a cell in a hypertonic environment :

– Solution has more solutes than

the cell.

– The cell loses water to make it’s

solute concentration the same as

the solution

– The cell shrivels

• Put a cell in a hypotonic environment :

– The cell has more solutes than

the solution

– The cell takes in water to make its solute concentration the same as the solution

– The cell expands

Water Balance in Plant Cells• The same happens in plant cells

as in animal cells except:

– Plant cells have sturdy cell

walls to help protect them

from bursting if they

become too full, or

shriveling too much.

– Wilting is a result of plants

being in isotonic or

hypertonic solutions.

– Plants must be in hypotonic solutions to survive (so they can get water into their

cells!)

Facilitated Diffusion• A type of transport in which proteins help (facilitate) the movement of molecules across the

membrane.

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Class: _________

CP2 Questions for Concept 6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules

DIFFUSION AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT1. What is diffusion?

2. What does permeable mean?

3. What is equilibrium?

4. What is a selectively permeable membrane?

5. What is passive transport?

6. What is one example of a molecule that can pass through a cell membrane?

7. What is one example of a molecule that can NOT pass through a cell membrane easily?

8. What is facilitated diffusion?

9. What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

OSMOSIS10.What is osmosis?

11.What is the difference between a hypertonic and a hypotonic solution?

12.What is an isotonic solution?

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13.Draw a picture of what happens to an ANIMAL cell that has been put into a hypotonic solution.

14.Draw a picture of what happens to an ANIMAL cell that has been put into a hypertonic solution.

15.Draw a picture of what happens to a PLANT cell that has been put into a hypotonic solution. (Hint: plant cell walls keep the cell from bursting or even over-filling!)

16.Draw a picture of what happens to a PLANT cell that has been put into a hypertonic solution.

ANIMAL cell in an isotonic solution ANIMAL cell in a hypotonic solution

ANIMAL cell in an isotonic solution ANIMAL cell in a hypertonic solution

PLANT cell in an isotonic solution PLANT cell in a hypotonic solution

PLANT cell in an isotonic solution PLANT cell in a hypertonic solution

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17.Which cell could burst in a hypotonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?

18.Which cell could burst in a hypertonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?

19. Which cell could shrink in a hypotonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?

20. Which cell could shrink in a hypertonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?

21. What type of environment is most healthy for an animal cell: hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic?

22.What type of environment is most healthy for a plant cell: hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic?

ACTIVE TRANSPORT23.What is active transport?

24.What organelle does the energy for active transport come from?

25.What specific nutrient do some animal cells need to use active transport to get a lot of?

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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______

NOTES: Active Transport (6.3c)

This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)

Active Transport

• Active Transport : when a cell uses energy to move molecules across a membrane.

• The molecules are being pumped across the membrane to an area where they are in higher concentration.

• The nutrients are pumped into the cell from the outside of the cell using energy called ATP.

• Active Transport requires ATP

Transport channels in cell membrane (Diagrams)

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Differences between active and passive transport:

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Class: ____

Active Transport Practice Questions (some passive Q’s)

Look at the diagram and use the following terms to best complete each sentence. Each word is only used once, and some words may not be used at all.

Active higher energy passive lower

1. This cell must expend __________ to bring more particles inside it.

2. Particles are moving into this cell, where they have a ____________ concentration

3. This cell must use ______________ transport to bring more particles inside of it.

Choose the best term and fill in the blank to correctly complete each sentence.

Active diffusion homeostasis equilibrium membrane passive protein

4. Cells use energy to move molecules by _____________________ transport.5. Diffusion and osmosis are two kinds of ____________________ transport.6. Some molecules are too large to pass through the cell ________________.7. Cells must maintain a balance, called ________________________. 8. Molecules that are too large to pass through the cell membrane enter through a

__________________________.9. Molecules that are in motion, but there is no longer net movement are in

___________________________.

Answer the questions below

10. Cells must be alive to use energy and do work. Does passive transport occur in a cell that is dead? Why or why not?

11. Does active transport occur in a cell that is dead? Why or why not?

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Matching for 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 (Cell Membranes and Transport)

Matching

a. Eukaryoteb. diffusionc. selectively permeable

d: phosholipid bilayere. organellef. active transport

g. passive transporth. equilibriumi. prokaryote

____ 1. movement of molecules in a cell in which no energy is used (not diffusion)____ 2. cell that does not have a nucleus and many organelles____ 3. balance of solutes and water in a cell____ 4. cell that contains a nucleus and many organelles____ 5. membrane around an organelle or cell____ 6. movement of molecules in a cell in which energy is used (not diffusion)____ 7. small part of a cell____ 8. movement of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less

concentrated (not active or passive transport)____ 9. some material are allowed to pass through, but others are not

Answer Section

MATCHING

1. ANS: G2. ANS: I3. ANS: H4. ANS: A5. ANS: D6. ANS: F7. ANS: E8. ANS: B9. ANS: C

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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______

NOTES: Cell Organelles (6.4 and 6.5)

1. The three main parts of a cell• Boundary COLOR: BLUE• Cytoplasm COLOR: YELLOW• Nucleus: COLOR: RED

A Organelle Is like a Function of Organelle Analogy

A Cell membrane Is like a …

__________

Because a cell membrane controls what enters and leaves a cell, like a...

_______________________________ controls

what enters and leaves a __________________.

A Cell wall Is like a …

__________

Because a cell wall gives structure and support to plant cells, like a…

_________________________ protects or gives

structure and support to __________________

A Chloroplast Is like a …

__________

Because a chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, like a …

______________________________________ is

where ______________________ happens.

- Chromatin (chromosomes)

Are like a …

__________

Because chromatin contains DNA, like a…

______________________________________

contains _____________________________

- Cytoplasm Are like a …

__________

Because cytoplasm is what holds a cell’s organelles in place, like a…

______________________________________is

what holds _____________________in place.

An Endoplasmic reticulum

Is like a …

__________

Because an endoplasmic reticulum is what moves materials within the cell, like a … _________________________________is what

moves materials __________________________

A Golgi apparatus Is like a …

__________

Because a golgi apparatus (body) is what packages, stores and ships materials for the cell, like a…

________________ is what packages, stores and

ships materials for

________________________________.

- Lysosomes Are like a …

__________

Because Lysosomes break down materials in a cell, like a…

______________________________________

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A Organelle Is like a Function of Organelle Analogy

break down ________________________.

- Mitochondria Are like a …

__________

Because mitochondria provide energy for the cell, like a…

________________________________provides

energy for ___________________________

A Nuclear membrane Is like a …

__________

Because a nuclear membrane controls what enters and leaves a nucleus, like a… ______________________________ controls

what enters and leaves ____________________.

A Nucleolus Is like a …

__________

Because a nucleolus makes ribosomes, like a …

______________________________________

makes _____________________________

A Nucleus Is like a …

__________

Because a nucleus is the control center of the cell, like a…

______________________________________is

the control center of ____________________

- Ribosomes Are like a …

__________

Because ribosomes make proteins, like a…

______________________________________

makes ________________________

A Vacuole Is like a …

__________

Because a vacuole stores food and water, like a …

______________________________________

stores ___________________________

Cilia Is like a …

__________

Because

______________________________________

______________________________________

A Flagella Is like a …

__________

Because

______________________________________

______________________________________

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Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________ Class: __________

Questions for 6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products ANDQuestions for 6.5: Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells

1. DNA + proteins = long fibers called __________________________

2. What is the nuclear envelope?

3. What is found inside the nucleus besides the DNA? What does this structure do?

4. What does the DNA contain instructions for making?

5. What organelle makes proteins?

6. What are ribosomes made of?

7. What is the main “manufacturing and transportation facility” in the cell?

8. What causes the difference in appearance between the rough ER and smooth ER?

9. What does the Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) do?

10. List four functions of vacuoles:

11. What do lysosomes contain?

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12. Give two specific examples of what lysosomes do.

13. What is photosynthesis?

14. What types of organisms perform photosynthesis?

15. What is the organelle that photosynthesis is performed in?

16. What do the solar “power packs” of chloroplasts do?

17. What do organisms obtain through cellular respiration?

18. What do mitochondria do?

19. Cellular respiration releases __________________________ from sugars and other molecules and uses it in the formation of ________________.

20. What types of organisms are mitochondria found in?

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Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________ Class: _________

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells (Elodea and Human Cheek)

Objective: to observe plant and animal cells

Materials:Dissecting needle / forcepsMedicine dropperWaterElodea leafMicroscopeMicroscope slide (2)Coverslip (2)ToothpickLab apronSafety goggles

Safety: put on a laboratory apron and safety goggles.

Procedure:

Part A: Examining Plant Cells1. Gather your materials (above)2. Prepare a slide of an Elodea leaf. Use the dissecting needle or forceps to

place the specimen on the slide, if needed.3. Using the scanning power, locate the Elodea leaf under the microscope. Turn

the coarse adjustment knob until the leaf comes into focus.4. Switch to the low power objective lens and focus on the specimen by using

the coarse and then fine adjustment knobs. 5. Switch to the high power objective lens and using the fine adjustment, focus

on the specimen. (Remember, DO NOT use the coarse adjustment knob at this point)

6. Observe the cells of the Elodea leaf. 7. Draw what you see (on high power) in the appropriate place in the

“observations” section below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.

8. Label the following on your diagram: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus

Part B: Examining Animal Cells (alternative method for obtaining cells listed below)9. Put a drop of methylene blue on a slide. Caution: methylene blue will stain

clothes and skin.10. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with the flat side of a toothpick.

Scrape lightly.11. Stir the end of the toothpick in the stain and throw the toothpick away

immediately.12. Place a coverslip on the slide.

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13. Using the scanning objective, locate the specimen under the microscope. Turn the coarse adjustment knob until the specimen comes into focus.

14. Draw what you see (on scanning power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.

15. Switch to low power. The cells should be visible, but they will be small and look like nearly clear purple blobs. If you are looking at something dark purple, it is probably not a cell.

16. Draw what you see (on low power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.

17. Once you think you have located a cell, move the slide until the cell is in the direct center of the view.

18. Switch to the high power objective lens and using the fine adjustment, focus on the cells. (Remember, DO NOT use the coarse adjustment knob at this point)

19. Draw what you see (on high power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.

20. Label the following on your diagram: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Alternative to Part B: Use skin cells from your wrist instead of your mouth)21. Wash the underside of a wrist that will be sampled for epidermal cells with soap and water. 22. Stick a clean piece of clear tape on the underside of the washed wrist. 23. Gently remove the piece of tape from the wrist being careful to avoid getting fingerprints on the

tape. Forceps might help to remove the tape and avoid fingerprinting the tape. 24. Place the tape, sticky-side up, on a clean microscope slide.25. Stain the top, sticky side of the tape with 2 or 3 drops of 1% methylene blue solution. 26. Use a dissecting needle to gently place a cover slip over the sticky tape. Lower the coverslip down

onto the tape and then remove the dissecting needle. This should help prevent staining your fingers. Caution: Use methylene blue carefully. It will stain most items including skin, clothing, and table tops.

27. Examine the slide under a microscope. Look for cells using the procedure above (#13 and after).

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Observations:

Elodea leaf : High Power Magnification _________

Human cheek cells: Scanning Power Low Power High PowerMagnification _________ Magnification _________ Magnification

_________

Cell Part Present in Elodea Cell?

Present in Cheek Cell?

CytoplasmNucleusChloroplastCell wallCell membrane

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Analysis and Conclusion:

1. How are plant and animal cells similar in structure?

2. How are plant and animal cells different in structure?

3. Why is methylene blue necessary for the animal cell preparation?

4. List two organelles that were NOT visible but should have been in the cheek cell.

5. Is the cheek cell a eukaryote or a prokaryote? How can you tell?

6. The mouth is the first site of chemical digestion of carbohydrates in a human. Your saliva starts the process of breaking down the food that you eat. Keeping this in mind, what organelle do you think would be numerous inside the cells of your mouth?

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Cell Organelle Matching

Match the following organelles to their functions

a. a. cell membrane h. h. ribosomeb. b. cell wall i. i. golgi apparatusc. c. chloroplast j. j. lysosomed. d. chromosome k. k. mitochondriae. e. vacuole l. l. nucleusf. f. cytoplasm m. m. nuclear membrane

g. g. endoplasmic reticulum n. n. nucleolus

____ 1. provide energy for the cell____ 2. move materials within the cell____ 3. hold / organize DNA____ 4. control center of the cell____ 5. contain enzymes that break down materials in the cell____ 6. make proteins____ 7. substance in cell that holds all the organelles in place____ 8. packages, stores and ships chemicals throughout the cell____ 9. protective coating that regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus____ 10. protects and gives structure to the plant cell____ 11. selectively permeable barrier between the cell and its environment____ 12. structure in nucleus that helps make ribosomes____ 13. site of photosynthesis____ 14. storage of food, water, and minerals

Cell Organelle Matching Answer Section

1. ANS: K2. ANS: G3. ANS: D4. ANS: L5. ANS: J6. ANS: H7. ANS: F

8. ANS: I9. ANS: M10. ANS: B11. ANS: A12. ANS: N13. ANS: C14. ANS: E

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