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Cambridge Secondary 1 Science Topic Book Cells and organisms Topic: B7c Cells and organisms CIE Topic code: B7c
Essential Science workbook: Chapter 1 Living things Pages 1 to 8
CIE Course specification Biology Bc Cells and organisms (UK KS3: 7A, 8C) • 7Bc1 Identify the seven characteristics of living things and relate these to a wide range of organisms in the
local and wider environment.
• 7Bc3 Identify the structures present in plant and animal cells as seen with a simple light microscope and/or a computer microscope.
• 7Bc4 Compare the structure of plant and animal cells.
• 7Bc5 Relate the structure of some common cells to their functions. Secondary sources can be used.
• 7Bc6 Understand that cells can be grouped together to form tissues, organs and organisms.
Contents Topic: B7c Cells and organisms .................................................................................................................. 1
CIE Course specification Biology Bc Cells and organisms (UK KS3: 7A, 8C) ..................................... 1
What you should have done if you wanted the highest grade in this course for this topic: .................... 2
The Notebooks......................................................................................................................................... 3
Sec1 Sci B7c WL Cells and organisms 25cords core Extravaganza ........................................................... 4
Sec1 Sci B7c Cells and Organisms Review Sheet 3Pgs............................................................................ 16
Extension work (this will not be part of your end of topic test grade): ................................................. 17
Mind map of the review sheets .............................................................................................................. 19
Textbook Chapter ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Past exam question practice....................................................................................................................... 42
Mark Scheme for past exam questions ...................................................................................................... 52
Extension task: Expanding your mind using the B7c Cells and organisms topic ..................................... 57
Possible Extension project: Investigating Cells that are like both animal and plant cells ........................ 58
Notebook points
Effort score for word list activities Work list test score
Effort score for mind map Multiple Choice test result
Effort score for past exam questions End of topic test
Overall effort score for
this topic
Overall grade for
topic
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What you should have done if you wanted the highest grade in this course for this topic: 1. Complete notes taken from class, which clear headings underlined with a ruler and the date for each
piece of work. All single sheets should be neatly stuck in your book, ideally with clear tape and with the
edges cut off so that they don’t stick our of your book
2. Cornell notes along the side with translations of new English words you don’t understand and a
summary at the bottom of the page that explains in just one sentence what you. Only the very best
students will probably be able to do this properly, but everyone should at least try.
3. Complete the exercises for the word list test you will have in the second week. Remember, when I take
these topic books in, I will check and give you and effort score
4. Compete the mind map based on the review sheets inside this topic book. This will help you to learn for
the multiple choice question test
5. Completed the past exam questions as the back of this topic book to help you prepare for the end of
topic test, which is the most important of the assessed activities you will do.
6. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: The ablest students will also have completed all of the questions in the
workbook, and in the back of their exercise book, also completed the questions given in the textbook
sections that have been handed out.
7. FOR THE VERY ABLEST STUDENTS: They will also have explored one part of this topic that they find
fascinating and will have either made a poster, or a presentation, e.g. on power point and explained
what they know during a chemistry gifted and talented session, which will be scheduled at the end of
the topic.
Where to find out more about this topic:
https://www.smashingscience.org/cie-secondary-1.html
For the Quizlet word activities:
Sec1 Sci B7c WL Cells and organisms Core
https://quizlet.com/_5ff5qz
Patrick Brannac www.SmashingScience.org Page 3 of 58
The Notebooks
All students are given a specialised exercise book designed to allow them to use the and Cornell notetaking method. At the back is an explanation of it from Cornell University. Briefly, in class they write their notes in the main part of the page, after class they translate new words and highlight key ideas at the sides. Then the write 1 or 2 sentence summary of the most important idea, in their own words. Eventually, when they get to university and beyond, it will be their ability to learn, of which notetaking and organisational skills are key that will allow them to access positions of leadership in whichever career they decide to pursue.
Main Area Notes taken in class
Margin Area for translations, further explanations, keywords or further questions to ask in the next lesson DONE AFTER THE LESSON, IDEALLY THE SAME DAY!
Summary section 1 or 2 sentence summary of most important ideas DONE AFTER THE LESSON
Space to
be left for
teacher’s
comments
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Sec1 Sci B7c WL Cells and organisms 25cords core Extravaganza
# Difficulty English Chinese Meaning in English Meaning in Chinese
1 Core Adapted 改编
When something has certain features to help it do a particular job. When
the features of a cell help it do its job, the cell is said to be ‘adapted’ to its
job.
当某些东西具有某些功能来帮助它
完成特定的工作时。当一个单元的
功能帮助它完成它的工作时，该单
元被称为“适应”它的工作。
2 Core Brain 脑 Organ that controls what the body
does. 控制身体功能的器官。
3 Core Cell wall 细胞
壁
Tough wall around plant cells. Helps to support the cell.
植物细胞周围的坚韧墙壁。有助于
支持细胞。
4 Core Chlorophyll 叶绿
素
Green substance found inside chloroplasts.
叶绿体内发现绿色物质。
5 Core Cytoplasm 细胞
质
Jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities happen.
果冻在细胞活动发生的细胞内。
6 Core Flower 花 Organ system containing
reproductive organs – carpel (female), stamen (male).
器官系统包含生殖器官
7 Core Fruit 水果 Something used to carry seeds. Can
be fleshy or dry.
用于携带种子的东西。可以肉质或
干燥。
8 Core Intestine 肠
The small version is an organ used to digest and absorb food. The large version is an organ which removes
water from unwanted food.
小版本是用于消化和吸收食物的器
官。大型版本是一种从不需要的食
物中去除水分的器官。
9 Core Kidneys 肾脏 Organs used to clean the blood and
make urine. 用于清洁血液和制造尿液的器官。
10 Core Leaf 叶 Plant organ used to make food using
photosynthesis. 用于使用光合作用制作食物的植物
器官。
11 Core Liver 肝
Organ used to make and destroy substances in our bodies so that our blood has the right amount of every chemical we need to stay healthy.
用于制造和破坏我们体内物质的器
官，使我们的血液中含有适量的每
种化学物质，以保持健康。
12 Core Lungs 肺 Organs used to take oxygen out of
the air and put waste carbon dioxide into the air.
用于从空气中吸取氧气并将废二氧
化碳排放到空气中的器官。
13 Core Magnification 放大 How much bigger a microscope
makes something appear. 显微镜看起来有多大。
14 Core Microscope 显微
镜
Used to magnify small things so we can see them.
用于放大小东西，以便我们可以看
到它们。
15 Core Muscle cell 肌细
胞
Cell that can change its length and so help us to move.
细胞可以改变它的长度，从而帮助
我们移动。
16 Core Nerve cell 神经
细胞
Cell that carries messages around the body.
在身体周围传递信息的细胞。
17 Core Nucleus 核 Controls what a cell does. 控制细胞的作用。
18 Core Organ 器官 A large part of a plant or animal that
does a very specific job.
很大一部分植物或动物做了非常具
体的工作。
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# Difficulty English Chinese Meaning in English Meaning in Chinese
19 Core Organ system 器官
系统
Collection of organs working together to do a very important job.
一起工作的器官的收集做一个非常
重要的工作。
20 Core Pollen grain 花粉
粒 The male sex cell in plants. 植物中的雄性细胞。
21 Core Root 根 Plant organ used to take water out of
the soil. 用于将水从土壤中取出的植物器官
。
22 Core Seed 种子 Contains a plant embryo and a store
of food. 包含植物胚胎和食物储存。
23 Core Skin 皮肤 Organ used for protection and
feeling. 器官用于保护和感觉。
24 Core Stem 干 Plant organ used to take water to the
leaves and to support the leaves.
植物器官用于将水带到叶子上并支
撑叶子。
25 Core Variety 品种 A plant or animal that is in some way
different from its parents. 与父母有某种不同的植物或动物。
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Word Meaning
Skin
Muscle cell
Brain
Microscope
Fruit
Lungs
Nerve cell
Kidneys
Leaf
Cytoplasm
Stem
Liver
Pollen grain
Nucleus
Adapted
Chlorophyll
Organ system
Root
Intestine
Cell wall
Variety
Flower
Magnification
Seed
Organ
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Sec1 Sci B7c Cells and Organisms Review Sheet 3Pgs
All living things are made from cells. There are two basic types of cell:
Animal cell Plant cell
The object you want to look at using a microscope is called the specimen. It has to be thin to let light
get through it. It is placed, with a drop of water, onto a slide. A coverslip is put on top. The coverslip
stops the specimen from drying out, holds it flat and stops it moving. A stain might be used to help you
see parts of the cell.
Some cells have special shapes. They are adapted to do certain jobs.
Cilated epithelial cells are found
in tubes leading to the lungs. The
strands at the top (cilia) wave
about to move dirt out of the
lungs.
Muscle cells are able to change
length. This helps us to move.
Nerve cells (neurones) are long
so that messages can be carried
around the body quickly.
Root hair cells in plant roots take
water out of the ground quickly.
The root hair gives the water
more surface to get into the cell.
Palisade cells in plant leaves are
packed with chloroplasts to help
the plant make food.
A group of cells that are the same, all doing the same job, is called a tissue (e.g. muscle tissue). A group
of different tissues working together to do an important job makes an organ. For example the heart is
an organ and is made of muscle tissue and nerve tissue.
Organs have very important jobs:
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Organs often work together in organ systems.
Some important organ systems:
Organ system Organs Job
Breathing system Windpipe (trachea), lungs Takes air into the body
Circulatory system Heart, blood vessels Carries oxygen and food around the body
Digestive system Mouth, gullet, stomach, intestines Breaks down our food
Flower Stamen, carpel Used for sexual reproduction in plants
Nervous system Brain, spinal cord, nerves Carries messages around the body
Extension work (this will not be part of your end of topic test grade):
Sex cells are produced by the reproductive organs. In plants, these are contained inside flowers. Sex
cells are used for sexual reproduction which needs two parents. The offspring from sexual
reproduction are different from the parents; they are new varieties.
The pollen grains need to be carried to the stigma of another flower. They can be carried by insects or
the wind. The carrying of pollen from an anther to a stigma is called pollination.
Once on the stigma, a pollen grain grows a pollen tube which enters the ovule containing an egg cell.
The nucleus from the pollen grain then joins with the nucleus inside the egg cell. This is called
fertilisation.
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Cells are very small. A microscope is used to see them.
To use a microscope you:
i Place the smallest objective lens over the hole in the stage.
ii Turn the focusing wheel to move the objective lens close to the stage.
iii Place the slide on the stage.
iv Adjust the light source or mirror.
v Look into the eyepiece lens
vi Turn the focusing wheel until what you see is clear (in focus).
A microscope makes things appear bigger. It magnifies things. There are two lenses in a microscope.
To work out the total magnification you multiply the magnification of the objective lens by the
magnification of the eyepiece lens.
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Mind map of the review sheets
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Textbook Chapter
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Past exam question practice
Q14. (a) The diagram shows a group of cells from the lining of the mouth.
(i) Give the name and function of part P.
name of part P
............................................................................................................. 1 mark
function of part P
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 1 mark
(ii) Which word describes this group of cells?
Tick the correct box.
compound organism organ tissue
1 mark
(b) The diagram below shows muscle cells from the wall of the human intestine.
(i) Muscle cells can contract.
Give one reason why muscles are needed in the intestine.
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 1 mark
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(ii) Other cells in the intestine produce enzymes.
What effect do enzymes in the intestine have on nutrients such as protein?
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 1 mark
(iii) Which of the following is required in the diet to keep food moving through
the intestine?
Tick the correct box.
fat fibre
protein starch 1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q15. Bindweed is a plant that grows tightly around other plants.
The drawing below shows bindweed growing around a rose bush.
(a) Complete the sentences below. Choose from the words in the list.
air light support water minerals
(i) Bindweed grows as high as possible on the rose bush so that the bindweed
can get as much .................................... as possible. 1 mark
(ii) Bindweed grows around the rose bush because the rose bush provides
....................................... for the bindweed. 1 mark
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(b) A gardener cut through the stem of the bindweed at X.
Two days later the bindweed above X was dead.
Why did the bindweed die?
Tick the correct box.
no air no light
no warmth no water 1 mark
(c) The gardener adds fertiliser to the soil to help her rose bushes to grow well.
What do plants get from the fertiliser?
Tick the correct box.
acids minerals
sugars vitamins 1 mark
(d) Plant roots have root hairs.
Which diagram shows a root hair?
Tick the correct box.
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not to scale
1 mark maximum 5 marks
Q16. (a) The diagram shows a sperm cell. Sperm cells are adapted for fertilisation.
Sperm cells use their tails to swim towards an ovum (egg).
Give one other way the sperm cell is adapted for fertilisation.
.........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(b) The diagrams below show two other cells.
not to scale
(i) Look at the diagrams above.
What is the difference between the location of the genetic material in the
bacterium and in the cell from the lining of the intestine?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(ii) What is the function of the genetic material in a cell?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) Cells in the lining of the intestine are adapted to absorb digested food.
How does the folded membrane of these cells enable them to absorb the
maximum amount of digested food?
.........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(d) A group of cells in the lining of the intestine is a tissue.
Why is a number of sperm cells not a tissue?
.........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... 1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q17. The drawings below show three healthy young plants.
A B C
The drawings below show the three plants after two weeks.
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A B C
(a) (i) Plant B did not have enough light.
How can you tell this from the drawing?
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(ii) Plant C did not have enough water.
How can you tell this from the drawing?
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(b) The drawing below shows a root hair cell.
Give two substances that root hair cells absorb from the soil.
1. ............................................................. 1 mark
2. ............................................................. 1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q18. The diagram shows a plant cell.
(a) Give the name of part A.
.............................................................
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Give the function of part A.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ 2 marks
(b) Give the name of part E.
..............................................................
Give the function of part E.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ 2 marks
(c) Give the letters of two parts that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
.................. and .................. 1 mark
(d) How can you tell that the cell in the diagram is from a leaf and not from a root?
................................................................................................................ 1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q19. The diagram below shows a plant cell.
(a) In which part of a plant would you find this type of cell?
........................................................ 1 mark
(b) (i) Give the function of the nucleus.
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(ii) Give the function of the chloroplasts.
...............................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(iii) Give the function of the cell wall.
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(c) Give the names of two labelled parts that are not present in animal cells.
1. .............................................................
2. ............................................................. 2 marks
(d) Tick one box in each row to show whether the statement is true for
photosynthesis or for respiration.
statement photosynthesis respiration
carbon dioxide is produced
light is needed
it occurs in plants and animals
oxygen is produced
2 marks maximum 8 marks
Q20. Nadine mixed grass seeds with sand.
She put the mixture into three mesh bags to make three model heads.
She soaked two of the bags in water.
(a) The drawings below show the model heads after one week.
(i) Which two model heads did Nadine soak in water?
Give the letters.
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................... and ...................
How can you tell this from the drawings?
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(ii) Nadine watered both of these models for two weeks.
She watered one more often than the other.
How would the model that was watered more often look different from the
other one?
...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................... 1 mark
(b) Nadine put one of the watered models near a window.
Why did the grass grow towards the window?
........................................................................................................................ 1 mark
(c) (i) Grass plants have root hairs. Which diagram shows a root hair cell?
Tick the correct box.
A B C D
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1 mark
(ii) Fill the gaps in the sentence below.
Root hairs take in ................................... and 1 mark
................................... from the soil. 1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q21. The diagram below shows an organism called Euglena.
It is made of only one cell. It lives in ponds and streams.
Euglena have features of both plants and animals.
(a) Look at the diagram of Euglena.
Give two pieces of evidence which suggest it is an animal cell and not a plant cell.
1. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark
2. .................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(b) Plant cells can carry out photosynthesis.
How can you tell from the diagram that Euglena can carry out photosynthesis?
........................................................................................................................ 1 mark
(c) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide + ................................... → glucose + ................................... 2 marks
maximum 5 marks
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Mark Scheme for past exam questions M14. (a) (i) • name: nucleus
1 (L6)
• function: it controls the cell accept ‘nuclei’; ‘it contains genetic information’; ‘contains chromosomes’ ‘it is the brain of the cell’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(ii) tissue if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
(b) (i) any one from • to push food or waste along accept ‘for peristalsis’ • to break up large pieces of food accept ‘mechanical digestion’ • to churn food accept ‘to mix in enzymes’ ‘to digest food’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(ii) • they speed up digestion accept ‘they digest them’ accept ‘they break them down’ accept ‘they turn it into amino acids’
1 (L6)
(iii) • fibre if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L5)
[6]
M15. (a) (i) Light accept ‘sunlight’ do not accept ‘Sun’
1 (L3)
(ii) support 1 (L4)
(b) no water if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
(c) minerals if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(d) C if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
[5]
M16. (a) any one from • it is streamlined do not accept ‘it is slimline’ • it has a pointed head ‘its shape’ is insufficient • it does not have much cytoplasm accept ‘there are enzymes in the head’ ‘it has a nucleus’ is insufficient as it is not a specific adaptation of a sperm cell
1 (L7)
(b) (i) any one from • in the cytoplasm of the bacterium • in a nucleus or within a membrane in the cell from the intestine
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accept ‘the bacterium does not have a nucleus or nuclear membrane’ accept ‘in the bacterium it is not enclosed’
1 (L7)
(ii) any one from • it determines the characteristics of the cell • it transfers information accept ‘gives the cell instructions’ accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’ accept ‘to control the cell’ accept ‘allows the cell to reproduce’
1 (L7)
(c) any one from • it has a large surface area • the folds increase the surface
1 (L7)
(d) they are independent cells or they do not work together or do not work in a group accept ‘each sperm cell is individual or works individually’ ‘the cells are not joined together’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[5]
M17. (a) (i) any one from • it is long and spindly accept ‘it is tall’ or ‘it has grown more’ accept ‘it is thinner’ or ‘it is thin’ • the leaves are far apart • the leaves are white or pale accept ‘the leaves are yellow’ accept ‘it is lighter’ accept ‘it has no chlorophyll’ accept ‘its leaves are a different colour’ ‘they are shrivelled or crinkled’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from • it has wilted accept ‘it is not turgid’ ‘it has dried out’ is insufficient • it has drooped accept ‘leaves pointing down’ • the leaves are floppy accept ‘it is floppy’ accept ‘it has shrivelled’ ‘it has died’ is insufficient ‘it is discoloured’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(b) any two from • water accept ‘H2O’ accept ‘moisture’ • minerals accept a named mineral award two marks for two named minerals accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’ do not accept ‘food’ • oxygen
2 (L4)
[4]
M18. (a) • chloroplast
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accept ‘chlorophyll’ 1 (L6)
any one from • photosynthesis accept ‘it produces food or glucose or sugar or carbohydrate’ ‘contains chlorophyll’ is insufficient • absorbs or traps light
1 (L6)
(b) • nucleus 1 (L6)
• it controls the cell accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’ ‘brain of the cell’ is insufficient accept ‘it transfers or contains genetic information or chromosomes’ do not accept ‘for reproduction’ ‘it controls substances entering or leaving the cell’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(c) any two from • A • B • D accept ‘chloroplast’ or ‘chlorophyll’ accept ‘vacuole’ accept ‘cell wall’
1 (L6)
(d) • it has chloroplasts or chlorophyll accept ‘it is green’ ‘it is a different shape’ is insufficient ‘it does not have a hair’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[6]
M19. (a) • leaf accept ‘stem’ or ‘stalk’
1 (L5)
(b) (i) • it controls the cell or cell’s activities accept ‘it tells the cell what to do’ ‘it is the brain of the cell’ is insufficient accept ‘it contains or passes on (genetic) information or genes or DNA’
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from • absorbs light or Sun’s energy accept ‘traps or catches light’ do not accept ‘it attracts light’ • photosynthesis accept ‘it makes food or glucose or sugar or starch or carbohydrate’ ‘it produces oxygen’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(iii) any one from • gives the cell its shape ‘it protects the cell’ is insufficient • supports the cell
1 (L6)
(c) any two from • cell wall
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accept ‘wall’ • vacuole • chloroplast
2 (L6)
(d) •
photosynthesis respiration
if all four answers are correct, award two marks if two or three answers are correct, award one mark if more than one box is ticked in any row, do not credit that row
2 (L6)
[8]
M20. (a) (i) • A and C answers may be in either order both the letters and the reason are required for the mark ‘A and C are the same’ is insufficient any one from • grass has germinated or grown accept ‘A and C have hair’ accept ‘something has grown in A and C’ accept ‘they have hair’ accept ‘they have longer or more grass’ • seeds did not germinate or grow in B accept ‘B has no hair’ ‘seeds need water to grow’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from • it would have longer grass accept ‘it had more grass or more hair’ • the grass would have grown more accept ‘it grew more or faster’ accept ‘it would have grown less because it was over-watered’ ‘it would be greener’ is insufficient ‘it would be healthier’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(b) any one from • it grew towards the light • that is where the light is coming from accept ‘it grew towards the Sun’ accept ‘to get light or sunlight’ accept ‘plants or grass need light’ accept ‘to get more Sun’ ‘because of the sunlight’ is insufficient ‘to get more heat’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(c) (i) • B if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
(ii) any two from • water accept ‘moisture’ or ‘dampness’ • oxygen • minerals
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accept a named mineral accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’ accept, for two marks, two named minerals such as ‘nitrates’ and ‘phosphates’ do not accept ‘plant food’ or ‘food’ or ‘nutrition’
2 (L4)
[6]
M21. (a) any two from • it has a flagellum or tail to help it move accept ‘can move or swim’ accept ‘it has a tail’ ‘whip’ is insufficient • it does not have a (cell) wall accept ‘it does not have a fixed shape’ or ‘it changes shape’ do not accept ‘it does not have a membrane’ ‘it only has a cell membrane’ is insufficient • it does not have a vacuole • it has a reservoir (for taking in food) accept ‘it takes in or eats food’ accept ‘it has a mouth-like structure’ ‘it has a mouth’ is insufficient
2 (L6)
(b) • it has chloroplasts accept ‘chlorophyll’ ‘it makes food’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(c) • water accept ‘H2O’
1 (L6)
• oxygen accept ‘O2’ answers must be in the correct order
1 (L6)
[5]
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Extension task: Expanding your mind using the B7c Cells and organisms topic Use the information below to create a 2 to 5 minute power point
presentation, or poster, to explain something that really interests you about
this topic. There will be a special extra session in the last week or this topic, or
the first week of the next topic when you can explain to others your idea.
• Only students who are really interested in becoming the best at science
need to try this, it is up to you if you want to give it a go. All students in
any teaching group are welcome to try though.
• Try to include colorful pictures, especially ones you have drawn
yourself, they will make your project much better than simply copying
and pasting from the internet.
• Include lots of details.
• Explaining one thing clearly is much better than just stating many
facts.
• Ask a science teacher for help if you want more information about
how to do a great presentation, or about the idea you are interested in.
Extra information to help you get ideas is available here: Virtual tours of museums: Smithsonian in the US: https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/VT3/#
History of medicine: http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife
This one you need to buy: http://www.digitalfrog.com/products/rainforest.html
Other websites looking at life beyond our own planet: NASA: https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/the-search-for-life/life-signs/
European Space Agency:: https://www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/SEMR09WJD1E_OurUniverse_0.html
This explains best, but uses difficult language: https://phys.org/news/2018-03-host-alien-life.html
Simple Wikipedia This uses simpler English words in its articles. It is still run by the same non-profit foundation as
Wikipedia, but you might find it easier to read
Homepage is: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Examples:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cell https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life
If you have a VR headset: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2018/march/explore-the-museum-with-
sir-david-attenborough.html
For up to date news on science in general For interested but less able students: https://www.dogonews.com/category/science
For more able students: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/
ONLY for the most interested and ablest students: For interested but less able students: https://www.dogonews.com/category/science
For more able students: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/
For the Naturual History museum in London: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science.html
BBC Bitesize - you may not be able to access all of the content in some parts of the world, but the notes
here about space are at the iGCSE level and are excellent: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/levels/z4kw2hv
Patrick Brannac www.SmashingScience.org Page 58 of 58
Possible Extension project: Investigating Cells that are like both animal and plant cells For a basic understanding: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglena
For a more complex explanation using much more difficult English:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglena
Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists: they have both plant and animal characteristics.
All live in water, and move by means of a flagellum. This is an animal characteristic. Most have chloroplasts, which are characteristic of algae and plants.
Euglenids are believed to descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis.[1]
Over 1,000 species of Euglena have been described, and there are more to be discovered. Their relationships are being analysed.[2]
As a food source Starting in 2005, the Tokyo-based Euglena Company now markets Euglena-based food and beverage products.[4] The fitness of Euglenafor human consumption had been thought about before, but this is the first attempt to cultivate and farm it.[5] The company's main production facility is on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, where there is a favourable climate.
Euglena Company is also experimenting with the use of Euglena as a potential fuel source.[6]
You should try to describe and explain some or all of these ideas:
• What a Euglena cell is
• How is it different to a plant cell.
• How is it similar to a plant cell.
You could start by answering some of the questions below:
Q1. What is the function of Eyespot?
Q2. What controls the Euglena cell?
Q3. What does the flagellum do?
Q4. What does Euglena eat?
Q5. How does the Euglena reproduce?
