Name AAmmeerriiccaann HHiissttoorryy VVooccaabbuullaarryy ...US+History+Outline… · Religious revival movement led by _ ... Placated Southern states with _ counting 3/5’s

© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History 1

Name ______________________________

AAmmeerriiccaann HHiissttoorryy VVooccaabbuullaarryy RReevviieeww Mayflower Compact

House of Burgesses

Puritans

Plantation economy

English

French

Land ownership

Religious freedom

Indentured Servants

Covenant Community

Dutch

Middle passage

Cavaliers

Virginia Company

Direct Democracy

Early America: Exploration and Colonization

New England Colonies

Settled by _____________ seeking religious freedom

___________________ – first written form of government

________________________– based on religious beliefs (i.e. – a theocracy)

Often intolerant of other beliefs

Practiced a form of ___________________ in town meetings

Middle Colonies

Settled by English, __________, and Germans

Colonists sought _____________________ and economic opportunity

Virginia and the Southern Colonies

Immigrants sought land and economic opportunity

Virginia ______________ – English nobility who received large land grants

Poor English immigrants came as small farmers and artisans

________________ – agreed to work on tobacco plantations in exchange for passage to

the New World

Jamestown

Established in 1607 by the ______________________

First permanent ___________________ settlement

Virginia _____________________ – First elected assembly in the New World

Native Americans & Slavery

Consequences for American Indians

Cause of Conflict – differing views on ______________________

Diseases imported from Europe caused massive depopulation (smallpox)

______________ exploration in Canada – limited immigration from France resulted in

better relations with native peoples.

Rise of Slavery

First Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on plantations

_____________________ – based on large landholdings and the use of slave labor in

the Southern colonies and Caribbean

_________________ brought many Africans on brutal trip across Atlantic Ocean


TThhee EEaarrllyy CCoolloonniieess

Rhode Island

Quakers

Seaports

Plantation owners

Dissenters

Jonathan Edwards

Slave labor

Baptists

Church of England

Catholics

Shipbuilding

Puritan

Pennsylvania

Cash crops

New England’s Economy

Economy based on __________________, fishing, lumbering

_____________ beliefs – value of hard work and thrift – led to prosperous colonies

The Economy of the Middle Colonies

Made up of New York, New Jersey, ________________, Maryland, & Delaware

Growth of cities as ______________ and commercial centers (New York, Philadelphia)

Virginia and the Southern Colonies’ Economy

Economy based on large plantations and ____________ in eastern coastal lowlands

____________– tobacco, rice, and indigo

Social Characteristics of the Colonies

New England

________________– people who challenged Puritan beliefs

Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters

_______________– founded by Roger Williams & dissenters fleeing Puritan persecution

Middle Colonies

____________– Pennsylvania

____________– Maryland


________________________– dominated government and society

________________________– dominant religious institution

The Great Awakening

Religious revival movement led by ________________

Consequences – growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, _________________)


TThhee AAmmeerriiccaann RReevvoolluuttiioonn

Independence

Enlightenment

Proclamation of 1763

Self-evident

Stamp Act

Common Sense

Grievances

French and Indian War

Boston Tea Party

Thomas Jefferson

Natural rights

Boston massacre

Popular sovereignty

Social contract

Declaration of Independence

Lexington and Concord

John Locke

________________ philosopher from England

________________ - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away

________________ – all power comes from the people (“consent of the governed”)

________________ – people form a government to protect their rights and people agree

to obey the rules established by their government

Thomas Paine

Author of ________________ - pamphlet that challenged the rule of England

He helped to change public opinion in favor of ________________

The Declaration of Independence

Written by ____________________

“We hold these truths to be ________________, that all men are created equal, that

they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Essentially a list of ________________ –complaints regarding the king’s rule

Anglo-French Rivalry

________________ fought between 1756 – 1763 drives French out of Canada & west

British Actions after 1763

Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense

________________ – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

________________ – new direct tax on printed, legal documents

New taxes on tea and sugar

The Beginning of the American Revolution

________________ - British soldiers fire on American protesters in 1770

________________ - dressed as Indians, Americans toss tea into harbor to protest tax

________________ - First shots fired of Revolution were here in Massachusetts

________________ - signed by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776


Benjamin Franklin

Patriots

Virginia Plan

Great Compromise

New Jersey Plan

Battle of Yorktown

Articles of Confederation

Loyalists

Neutral

Federalist Papers

Shay’s Rebellion

Executive branch

Patrick Henry

James Madison

Checks & balances

George Washington

George Washington

Bill of Rights

3/5 Compromise

Federalists

Anti-federalists

Differences among the Colonists

________________ believed in complete independence from England

Led by ________________ of Virginia --“Give me liberty, or give me death!”

Others known as ________________ remained loyal to Britain

Most colonists remained ________________ and tried to avoid conflict

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory

________________ negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France

The leadership of ________________ and his Continental Army

French Alliance in final victory at the ________________ in Virginia

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Britain recognized American independence

Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes

Western boundary – Mississippi River

Southern boundary – Florida border

Creating a Government

The ________________ created a weak national government

Provided for no common currency, power to tax, or ________________

________________ in Massachusetts shows the government’s weaknesses

The Constitutional Convention

Large states favored the _______________, small states liked the _______________

The ________________ made Senate equal; House represented by population

Created _______________ with three equal branches: legislative, executive, judicial

Placated Southern states with ________________ counting 3/5’s of slaves for

representation in the House of Representatives

________________ – Chairman of the Convention

________________ – Father of the Constitution, led debates, authored Virginia Plan

Arguments for and Against Ratification

________________ favored it and wanted stronger central government

Argued for ratification in ________________ by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay

________________ were against ratification, disliked strong government

They wanted a ________________ to protect individual liberties


Virginia Declaration of Rights

Cotton Gin

Mexican

Thomas Jefferson

Railroads

Reservations

Cherokee

Trail of Tears

Eli Whitney

Panic of 1837

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Alamo

California

VA Statute of Religious Freedom

Manifest Destiny

George Mason

property

Spoils System

Bank of the U.S.

“Pet”

Virginia’s Influence on the Bill of Rights

The _____________________ said rights that cannot be violated by governments

Written by ________________, it became basis for the U.S. Bill of Rights

The ________________, established principle of religious liberty

Written by __________________ and guaranteed freedom of speech and religion

Early America, Westward Movement, and Economic Development

________________ was the belief the US should stretch from ocean to ocean

The growth of ________________ encouraged the westward movement

________________ invented the ________________ which led to the spread of the

slavery-based cotton economy in the Deep South.

Conflicts

American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against ______________ rule

A turning point was the famous battle at the ________________, which Mexico won

America’s later victory in the Mexican-American War led to the signing of the

____________________________

US acquired present-day states of ________________, Nevada Utah, Arizona

Impact on the Native Americans

The ________________ were forced to march the ________________ from Georgia

to Oklahoma resulting in thousands of deaths.

Most tribes were confined to ________________.

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

Jackson used the ____________________ to reward supporters with government jobs.

He supported eliminating ________________ qualifications to allow more people to vote

Jackson distrusted the ________________ as an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite.

He withdrew government money from the Bank and deposited it in __________ banks

His actions led to a serious economic depression and the ______________________.


SSllaavveerryy,, AAbboolliittiioonn,, && WWoommeenn’’ss RRiigghhttss

Kansas-Nebraska Act

High tariffs

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Compromise of 1850

Dred Scott

Stephen Douglas

Bleeding Kansas

Susan B. Anthony

Abraham Lincoln

Missouri Compromise

Nat Turner

Manufacturing

William Lloyd Garrison

Agricultural

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Seneca Falls Declaration

Vote

Economic Divisions

The Northern states developed an industrial economy based on ________________.

The Southern states developed an ________________ economy based on slavery

The South opposed ________________ that made manufactured goods more expensive.

The Growing Division over Slavery and States Rights

______________________ published the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.

_______________________ wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin showing evils of slavery

A slave revolt in Virginia led by ________________ increased fear of further uprisings

The Sectional Crisis

The ________________ admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state

and (b) drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase with slavery prohibited

above the line and allowed below the line, except that slavery was allowed in which

was Missouri north of the line.

The ________________ admitted California as a free state

The ________________ repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed the people of

Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery

________________ - fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled

Abraham Lincoln debated _________________ over slavery in the Illinois Senate campaign

________________ Case - a decision by the Supreme Court declaring that slaves were

property and could be legally taken into any free state

________________ warned: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

The Women’s Suffrage Movement

Women fought for suffrage, or the right to ________________

________________ – adopted by convention in 1848 called for equal rights for women.

____________________ and ________________ – both advocated women’s suffrage


TThhee CCiivviill WWaarr Secession

Ft. Sumter

Compromise of 1877

Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg

Ulysses S. Grant

Frederick Douglass

Gettysburg Address

Punish

Jim Crow

Robert E. Lee

Andrew Johnson

Antietam

Radical Republicans

Appomattox

Reconstruction

Southern

13th

Amendment

14th

Amendment

15th

Amendment

Election

Major events

Lincoln’s election in 1860 led to the ________________ of 7 southern states

Civil War begins when Confederates attack Union forces at ________________

Battle of ________________ in Maryland marked deadliest day in US History

Lincoln issued the ________________ after the battle, banning slavery in rebel states

________________ - Union victory and turning point of the war

In the ________________, Lincoln argued America was a nation ruled “of the people,

by the people, and for the people.”

________________________ - site of Lee’s surrender to Grant

Key leaders and their roles

________________ – Union general, won victories after many Union generals failed

________________ – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia

________________ – Former slave became an abolitionist and urged Lincoln to recruit

former slaves and free blacks to fight in the Union army

Impact of Civil War and Reconstruction

The period after the civil war when the south was rebuilding was ________________

Lincoln believed the government should not ________________ the South but act with

“malice towards none, with charity for all, in order to “bind up the nation’s wounds”

_______________ favored guaranteeing voting rights and rights for African Americans

Lincoln’s successor, ________________ was impeached

The three Civil war Amendments were added to the Constitution:

________________ – abolished slavery

________________ – guaranteed equal rights under the law to all Americans

________________ – guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, or slavery

Reconstruction ended following the controversial ________________ of 1876

Rutherford B. Hayes was elected through the ________________

The ________________ Era began in which blacks in the South were denied rights

________________ States were left embittered and devastated by the war


IImmmmiiggrraattiioonn && UUrrbbaanniizzaattiioonn

Ellis Island

Old Immigrants

New Immigrants

Factories

Monopolies

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

Wright Brothers

Henry Ford

Tenements

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Chinese Exclusion Act

Melting Pot

Homestead Act

Integration

Andrew Carnegie

J.P. Morgan

John D. Rockefeller

Laissez-faire

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Nativism

Chinese

Transcontinental Railroad

Steel

Immigration

The _______________ provided free public land to settlers in the western territories.

Prior to 1871, most _______________ came from northern and western Europe

(Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden).

From 1871-1921, most _______________ came from southern and eastern Europe

(Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia) as well as Asia (China, Japan).

The _____________________________ was completed in Utah and connected the US

_______________ workers helped to build it across California and Nevada.

Most immigrants entered America through _______________ in New York

America became a _______________ where immigrants were assimilated

_______________ – fear that new immigrants would take jobs led to hostility

Congress passed the _______________ in 1882 to ban their immigration

Urbanization

____________ provided jobs but long hours, low pay, & dangerous working conditions

A terrible fire in the ____________________________ killed 146 garment workers

Workers families lived in crowded ________________ and slums.

Industrialization

Business leaders created huge ________________ that controlled industries

________________ dominated the US steel industry

________________ controlled the finance industry

________________ built a monopoly of the oil industry

________________ controlled America’s railroads

Henry Bessemer invented a new process to make ________________

________________ invented the light bulb and electricity

________________ made the first telephone

The _____________________ invented the airplane

________________ perfected assembly line manufacturing for automobiles

Reasons for Industrialization and Economic Growth

Government policies based on hands-off ________________ capitalism

Monopolies and trusts (vertical/horizontal ________________ )


OOrrggaanniizzeedd LLaabboorr && DDiissccrriimmiinnaattiioonn

Muckrakers

Samuel Gompers

Haymarket

19th

Amendment

Homestead

Sherman

Plessy v. Ferguson

Conditions

Hours

Knights of Labor

Pullman

Eugene Debs

Woodrow Wilson

Great Migration

Ida B. Wells

Booker T. Washington

Theodore Roosevelt

17th

Amendment

Tuskegee Institute

Recall

W.E.B. DuBois

Referendum

NAACP

Labor Organizations & Strikes

________________ – organized both skilled and unskilled workers

American Federation of Labor founded by _______________ organized skilled workers

American Railway Union formed by socialist ______________ organized both workers

______________ Riot - Seven police officers and several workers killed in protest at

Chicago. Knights of Labor blamed, turning public opinion against organized labor.

_____________ Strike - Three detectives and six workers killed. The union is broken

_____________Strike - Eugene Debs leads strike against Rail Car Company.

Through strikes, workers eventually gained shorter __________ and better __________

________________ Anti-trust Act prevents any business that creates a monopoly

Women’s Suffrage

Encouraged women to enter the labor force before World War I.

The ________________ in 1920 granted women the right to vote.

Discrimination and Segregation

In ________________ the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was legal

During the ________________ blacks moved to Northern cities to escape the South.

_______________________ – led an anti-lynching crusade

________________ believed the way to equality was through vocational education

To promote this, he founded the ________________ in Alabama

______________________ said, “We are men; we will be treated as men.” And

believed that education was meaningless without equality.

He founded the ________________ to help African Americans in 1909

The Progressive Movement

______________ proposed a progressive agenda called the “Square Deal”

President ______________’s agenda was called the “New Freedom”

Government became more responsive to the people

Reporters called ______________ investigated & reported social injustices

In state governments, the ______________ is a direct vote to reject or accept a law

Voters can ______________ an elected official and remove him from office by vote

The ______________ allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators


IImmppeerriiaalliissmm && WWWWII

Open Door Policy

Mandate System

Big Stick

Dollar Diplomacy

Archduke Ferdinand

Woodrow Wilson

Treaty of Versailles

Liliuokalani

League of Nations

Germany

Neutral

Zimmerman

14 Points

Panama Canal

Yellow

Maine

Puerto Rico

Rejected

Philippines

Rough Riders

De Lome

Policies

____________ – Sec. of State Hay’s policy to give all nations equal trading rights in China.

_____________ – President Taft’s policy for US businesses to invest in Latin America.

____________ – Pres. Roosevelt’s foreign policy (“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”)

Roosevelt negotiated treaty to build the _________________ to lessen shipping time

The US annexed Hawaii after overthrowing Queen _______________________

The Spanish American War -- “A Splendid Little War”

Began with the explosion of the battleship _______________in Havana Harbor

Intensified through _________________ Journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer

The ___________________ letter insulting President McKinley further angers US

In Cuba, Teddy Roosevelt becomes a hero when _____________ charge San Juan Hill

US gains the Philippines, Guam, & _____________

After the war, there is an insurrection in the _____________ over US rule

World War I

The war began in 1914 following the assassination of _____________ in Serbia.

For three years the U.S. remained _____________ with little support for involvement

The _____________ Telegram exposes plan for alliance between Germany and Mexico.

President _____________ pledges to “make the world safe for democracy.”

The _____________ was Wilson’s plan to bring peace to the world after the war

Wilson proposed a _____________ of all countries in the world to promote peace

The _____________ would control the Middle East

The _______________ officially ended the war and was harsh on_____________

The Treaty was _____________ by the US Congress


TThhee GGrreeaatt DDeepprreessssiioonn,, TThhee NNeeww DDeeaall,, aanndd WWWWIIII

Okinawa

Margin

Federal Reserve

Infamy

Hawley Smoot

Franklin Roosevelt

WPA

FDIC

Neutral

AAA

Poland

Island Hopping

Lend-Lease Act

Pearl Harbor

Social Security

Nagasaki

Iwo Jima

Dust Bowl

Battle of Britain

Manchuria

Midway

Hiroshima

Josef Stalin

Stock Market

Harry Truman

Unemployment

New Deal

The Great Depression:

Buying stocks on _____________ with borrowed money led to inflated stock prices.

The _____________ System failed to prevent collapse of the banking system

The protective _____________ Tariff led to retaliatory tariffs in other countries

Overproduction in agriculture and a drought led to the _____________ in the plains

The Depression began with the ______________________ crash on October 29, 1929.

High _____________ and homelessness spread

Franklin D. Roosevelt

FDR’s plan: _____________ made government more active in solving problems.

_____________ said “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”

The _________ and other relief programs gave jobs

The __________ and recovery programs helped agriculture

The __________ and reform measures corrected unsound banking

The _____________ Act offered safeguards for workers and retirement

World War II

World War II began with Hitler’s invasion of _____________ in 1939

The U.S. remained officially _____________ during the first two years

Germany pounded England from the air in the ____________________

In 1941, Hitler turned on his former ally, _____________ and invaded Soviet Union.

The U.S. gave Britain war supplies in return for military bases with the _____________

The War in Asia

During the 1930’s, Japan invaded and brutalized _____________ in China

Japan attacked the American naval base at _____________ on December 7, 1941.

FDR calls it, “A date which will live in _____________ .”

An _____________ strategy was to seize islands closer and closer to Japan

In the Battle of _____________ the US defeated a much larger Japanese navy.

US invasions of _____________ where Marines raised the flag & _______________

close to Japan cost thousands of American lives

Finally, President _____________ authorized the use of an atomic bomb

The US dropped 2 atomic bombs on ____________________ & __________________


WWoorrlldd WWaarr IIII

Tuskegee

Nisei

Nuremberg

Genocide

Bataan

El Alamein

Jews

Polish

Final Solution

Rationing

War bonds

Stalingrad

Navajo

POWs

Draft

Slavs

Internment

Segregated

D-Day

Manzanar

Rosie the Riveter

Eisenhower

Propaganda

Battles in Europe

German forces were defeated at _____________ in North Africa

More than a million Soviets & Germans in the Russian city of _____________

General _____________ led Allied forces in Europe

June 6, 1944 marked _____________ when Allied troops invaded Normandy, France

Minorities in the War

African-Americans served in _____________ military units

The _____________ Airmen were African Americans and served with distinction

_________ Regiments were Asian-Americans who served

The _____________ Code Talkers created an impossible code to break.

_____________ was the symbol of women who took men’s jobs in factories

The Holocaust & Geneva Convention A ______________ is systematic destruction of a racial, political, or religious group.

Germany’s ______________ was the Nazi plan to exterminate all Jews.

The Holocaust targeted ___________, ____________, & the _____________

Approximately 6 million Jews and others were killed in Nazi camps such as Auschwitz.

At the _____________ Trials, Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes

The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of _____________

On the _____________ Death March, US POWs suffered brutal treatment by Japanese

The War at Home

_____________ was used to maintain supply of essential products.

_____________ were sold to finance the war.

The _____________ or “selective service” was used to provide soldiers

Anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast led to their _____________ in camps

One of the largest camps for Japanese-Americans was _____________

_____________ were ad campaigns used to increase public morale


TThhee CCoolldd WWaarr Iron Curtian

Marshall Plan

38th

Parallel

Vietnamization

Brinkmanship

Korea

Vietnam

NATO

Vietcong

USA

Soviet Union

Douglas MacArthur

United Nations

Fidel Castro

Truman Doctrine

Containment

Warsaw Pact

Gulf of Tonkin

Red Scare

Hawks

Doves

HUAC

Tet Offensive

Watergate

My Lai

McCarthyism

Berlin Wall

John F. Kennedy

Bay of Pigs

Between the democratic _____________ and communist _____________

The _____________ described the division between Communism & Democracies

The Soviets built the _____________ across Germany’s capital to keep people in

East Germany remained under Soviet domination; West Germany became democratic.

U.S. began the ___________ to give aid to Western Europe and prevent communism

The _____________________ was created to prevent future global wars

President Truman’s _____________ was to keep communism from spreading

This is also known as the policy of _________________

The US and democracies form the _____________ alliance

The Soviet Union and communist countries formed the _____________________

In the US, the _____________ was the fear of communism

The hysteria and hunt for communists at any cost was known as _________________

The __________________secretly searched for communists and others

Korean & Vietnam War

In 1953, containment brought the US to fight a war in_____________

US forces were led by _____________, who also oversaw the occupation of Japan

The war ended in a stalemate at the _____________

In Vietnam, the US fought the communist army _____________

On surprise attack on a holiday became known as the _____________

The _____________ Resolution gave President Johnson authority to escalate the war

_____________ was President Nixon’s plan for withdrawing of American troops

The __________ massacre turned many Americans against the war

During the war, supporters were called __________, anti-war protesters: __________

President Nixon forced from office by __________ scandal

Cuba

__________ led the communist takeover in late 1950s.

The __________ invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles failed

In 1962, the _____________ was when Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba

President __________ ordered the Soviets to remove missiles

__________ was the policy of going to the brink of war


TThhee CCoolldd WWaarr && CCiivviill RRiigghhttss

Alger Hiss

Civil Rights Act

Virginia

Desegregate

Star Wars

Thurgood Marshall

Oliver Hill

Voting Rights Act

Rosenbergs

Sandra Day O’Connor

Brown Vs. Board of Ed.

Kennedy

March on Washington

Sally Ride

Reagan

Glasnost

Glass Ceiling

NAACP

I Have A Dream

Perestroika

Asian

Latin American

The Cold War Continued

_____________ was convicted of spying for Soviets

The _____________ were convicted and executed for giving nuclear secrets to Soviets

Due to heavy military expenditures, the economy of _____________ benefited

In President _____________’s inaugural address, he said, “The U.S. would pay any

price, bear any burden … to the success of liberty.” And “Ask not what your country

can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”

Gorbachev’s policy of ____________________ promoted openness

His _____________ policy called for economic restructuring in the Soviet Union

President _____________ challenged the Soviet Union to “tear down this wall.”

He also increased military spending: _____________ to pressure the Soviet Union

Civil Rights Movement

The ______________ case overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine

Supreme Court decision forced schools to _____________

The ______________ challenged segregation in US courts

______________ was the leader of Brown’s NAACP legal defense team

______________ led the NAACP defense team in Virginia

In 1963, Martin Luther King led the ______________

Here, he gave the ______________ speech

In 1964, Pres. Johnson signed the ______________ which prohibited discrimination

The 1965 ______________ outlawed literacy tests in voting.

______________ became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme Court

______________ was the first female U.S. astronaut

The ______________ represents how career advancement for women not equal to men

Recently, more immigrants have come from __________ & ______________ countries

MMooddeerrnn AAmmeerriiccaa

George W. Bush

Communism


Bill Clinton

Iraq

Watergate

Reagan

Roe Vs. Wade

Women

9/11/2001

NAFTA

Germany

Afghanistan

State

Patriot Act George H. W. Bush

Judicial restraint

Persian Gulf

Tax cuts

1970’s

President Nixon forced from office by scandal

Supreme Court case that legalizes abortion based on right to privacy

The 1980’s

President elected in 1980

Conservative Republicans advocated for

Wanted to transfer more responsibilities to governments

Appointed judges who exercised

became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme Court

The 1990’s

served as president 1989–1993

Saw the fall of in Eastern Europe

was reunified

1990 -1991 was the War in Iraq

First time served in a combat role

was elected President and served 1993–2001

Signed the trade agreement between US, Mexico, Canada

2000’s

President elected in close 2000 election

Sees terrorists attacks on United States soil on

Begins wars in and to combat terrorism

Congress passes the to increase surveillance and investigation

© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History

Name ____Key______

American History Vocabulary Review Mayflower Compact

House of Burgesses

Puritans

Plantation economy

English

French

Land ownership

Religious freedom

Indentured Servants

Covenant Community

Dutch

Middle passage

Cavaliers

Virginia Company

Direct Democracy

Early America: Exploration and Colonization

New England Colonies

Settled by __ Puritans__ seeking religious freedom

__Mayflower Compact___ – first written form of government

___Covenant Community____– based on religious beliefs (i.e. – a theocracy)

Often intolerant of other beliefs

Practiced a form of ___Direct Democracy____ in town meetings

Middle Colonies

Settled by English, __Dutch__, and Germans

Colonists sought ____religious freedom__ and economic opportunity


Immigrants sought land and economic opportunity

Virginia __Cavaliers__ – English nobility who received large land grants

Poor English immigrants came as small farmers and artisans

_Indentured Servants____ – agreed to work on tobacco plantation in exchange for

passage to the New World

Jamestown

Established in 1607 by the __Virginia Company____

First permanent ___English__ settlement

Virginia __House of Burgesses___ – First elected assembly in the New World

Native Americans & Slavery

Consequences for American Indians

Cause of Conflict – differing views on ___Land Owndership___

Diseases imported from Europe caused massive depopulation (smallpox)

__French__ exploration in Canada – limited immigration from France resulted in better

relations with native peoples.

Rise of Slavery

First Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on plantations

_Plantation economy__ – based on large landholdings and the use of slave labor in the

Southern colonies and Caribbean

___Middle Passage_ brought many Africans on brutal trip across Atlantic Ocean


The Early Colonies

Rhode Island

Quakers

Seaports

Plantation owners

Dissenters

Jonathan Edwards

Slave labor

Baptists

Church of England

Catholics

Shipbuilding

Puritan

Pennsylvania

Cash crops

Economic Characteristics of the Colonies

New England

Economy based on __Shipbuilding___, fishing, lumbering

_Puritan__ beliefs – value of hard work and thrift – led to prosperous colonies

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, _Pennsylvania___–, Maryland, Delaware

Growth of cities as __seaports__ and commercial centers (New York, Philadelphia)


Economy based on large plantations and __slave labor_ in eastern coastal lowlands

_Cash crops__– tobacco, rice, and indigo

Social Characteristics of the Colonies

New England

_Dissenters___– people who challenged Puritan belief

Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters

Rhode Island– founded by Dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans (Roger Williams)

Middle Colonies

_Quakers_– Settled in Pennsylvania

_Catholics__– Settled in Maryland


_Plantation Owners__– dominated government and society

_Church of England__– dominant religious institution

The Great Awakening

Religious revival movement led by __Jonathan Edwards__

Consequences – growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, _Baptists___)


The American Revolution

Independence

Enlightenment

Proclamation of 1763

Self-evident

Stamp Act

Common Sense

Grievances

French and Indian War

Boston Tea Party

Thomas Jefferson

Natural rights

Boston massacre

Popular sovereignty

Social contract

Declaration of Independence

Lexington and Concord

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine

John Locke

_Enlightenment__ philosopher from England

__Natural Rights__ - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away

__Popular sovereignty__ – all power comes from the people (“consent of the

governed”)

___Social Contract__ – people form a government to protect their rights and people

agree to obey the rules established by their government

Thomas Paine

Author of __Common Sense__ - pamphlet that challenged the rule of England

Impact – helped to change public opinion in favor of ___Independence__

The Declaration of Independence

Written by _Thomas Jefferson___

“We hold these truths to be ___Self-evident__, that all men are created equal, that they

are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,

liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

List of _grievances__ – Jefferson listed issues he had with king’s rule

Anglo-French Rivalry

French & Indian War fought between 1756 – 1763 drives French out of Canada & west

British Actions after 1763

Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense

Proclamation of 1763 – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

__Stamp Act_ – new direct tax on printed, legal documents

New taxes on tea and sugar

The Beginning of the American Revolution

__Boston Massacre_ British soldiers fire on American protesters in 1770

__Tea Party__ dressed as Indians, Americans toss tea into harbor to protest tax

__Lexington__ First shots fired of Revolution were here in Massachusetts

Declaration of Independence_ signed by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776


Benjamin Franklin

Patriots

Virginia Plan

Great Compromise

New Jersey Plan

Battle of Yorktown

Articles of Confederation

Loyalists

Neutral

Federalist Papers

Shay’s Rebellion

Executive branch

Patrick Henry

James Madison

Checks & balances

George Washington*

Bill of Rights

3/5 Compromise

Federalists

Anti-federalists

Differences among the Colonists

__Patriots__ believed in complete independence from England

Led by _Patrick Henry___ of Virginia --“Give me liberty, or give me death!”

Others known as ___Loyalists___ remained loyal to Britain

Most colonists remained _Neutral__ and tried to avoid conflict

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory

_Ben Franklin_ negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France

The leadership of _George Washington___ and his Continental Army

French Alliance in final victory at the __Yorktown__ in Virginia

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Britain recognized American independence

Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes

Western boundary – Mississippi River

Southern boundary – Florida border

Creating a Government

The __Articles of Confederation__ created a weak national government

Provided for no common currency, power to tax, or __executive branch___

_Shay’s Rebellion__ in Massachusetts shows government’s weaknesses

The Constitutional Convention

Large states favored the ___VA Plan_, small states liked the __NJ Plan__

The _Great Compromise_ made Senate equal; House represented by population

Created checks & balances with three equal branches: legislative, executive, judicial

Placated Southern states with _3/5 Compromise__ counting three-fifths of slaves

for representation in the House of Representatives

_Washington_ – Chairman of the Convention

__Madison___ – Father of the Constitution, led debates, authored Virginia Plan

Arguments for and Against Ratification

_Federalists_ favored it and wanted stronger central government

Argued for ratification in __ratification__ by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay

__Anti-federalists___ were against ratification, disliked strong government

They wanted a _Bill of Rights___ to protect individual liberties


Virginia Declaration of Rights

Cotton Gin

Mexican

Thomas Jefferson

Railroads

Reservations

Cherokee

Trail of Tears

Eli Whitney

Panic of 1837

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Alamo

California

VA Statute of Religious Freedom

Manifest Destiny

George Mason

property

Spoils System

Bank of the U.S.

“Pet”

Virginia’s Influence on the Bill of Rights

The _Virginia Dec. of Rights__ said rights that cannot be violated by governments

Written by Mason_, it became basis for the U.S. Bill of Rights

The __VA Stat. of Rel. Freedom_, established principle of religious liberty

Written by __Jefferson__ and guaranteed freedom of speech and religion

Early America, Westward Movement, and Economic Development

_Manifest Destiny__ was the belief the US should stretch from ocean to ocean

The growth of _railroads__ encouraged the westward movement

_Eli Whitney __ invented the __ Cotton Gin __ which led to the spread of the

slavery-based cotton economy in the Deep South.

Conflicts

American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against ___Mexican_ rule

A turning point was the famous battle at the _Alamo___, which Mexico won

The American victory led to the signing of the __Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo__

US acquired present-day states of __Texas_, Nevada Utah, Arizona

Impact on the Native Americans

The _Cherokee__ were forced to march the __Trail of Tears__ from Georgia to

Oklahoma resulting in thousands of deaths.

Most tribes were confined to _____reservations___.

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

Jackson used the __spoils system___ to reward supporters with government jobs.

He eliminated ___property_ qualifications to allow more people to vote

Jackson distrusted the __National Bank__ as an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite.

He withdrew government money from the Bank and deposited it in _Pet__ banks

His actions led to a serious economic depression and the ___Panic of 1837__.


Slavery, Abolition, & Women’s Rights

Kansas-Nebraska Act

High tariffs

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Compromise of 1850

Dred Scott

Stephen Douglas

Bleeding Kansas

Susan B. Anthony

Abraham Lincoln

Missouri Compromise

Nat Turner

Manufacturing

William Lloyd Garrison

Agricultural

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Seneca Falls Declaration

Vote

Economic Divisions

The Northern states developed an industrial economy based on ________________.

The Southern states developed an ________________ economy based on slavery

The South opposed ________________ that made manufactured goods more expensive.

The Growing Division over Slavery and States Rights

__Garrison___ published the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.

_Beecher Stowe__ wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin showing evils of slavery

Slave revolts in Virginia, led by __Nat Turner__ increased Southern fear

The Sectional Crisis

The __Missouri Compromise___ admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave

state and (b) drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase with slavery

prohibited above the line and allowed below the line, except that slavery was allowed in

which was Missouri north of the line.

The __Compromise of 1850__ admitted California as a free state

The _Kansas Nebraska Act__ repealed the Missouri Compromise and (b) allowed the

people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery

__Bleeding Kansas__ - fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled

Abraham Lincoln debated _Stephen Douglas__ over slavery in the Illinois Senate campaign

__Dred Scott__ Case - a decision by the Supreme Court declaring that slaves were

property and could be legally taken into any free state

__Lincoln__ warned: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

The Women’s Suffrage Movement

Women fought for suffrage, or the right to __vote_____

_Seneca Falls Declaration_ – adopted by convention in 1848 called for equal rights for

women.

_Cady Standton__ and __Susan B Anthony___ – both advocated women’s suffrage


The Civil War Secession

Ft. Sumter

Compromise of 1877

Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg

Ulysses S. Grant

Frederick Douglass

Gettysburg Address

Punish

Jim Crow

Robert E. Lee

Andrew Johnson

Antietam

Radical Republicans

Appomattox

Reconstruction

Southern

13th

Amendment

14th

Amendment

15th

Amendment

Election

Major events

Lincoln’s election in 1860 led to the __Secession_ of 7 southern states

Civil War begins when Confederates attack Union forces at ___Ft. Sumter____

Battle of _Antietam___ in Maryland marked deadliest day in US History

Lincoln issued the __Emancipation Pr._ after the Battle, ended slavery in rebel states

__Gettysburg__ - Union victory and turning point of the war

In the __Gettysburg Address__, Lincoln argued America was a nation ruled “of the

people, by the people, and for the people.”

__Appomattox Court House___ - site of Lee’s surrender to Grant

Key leaders and their roles

___Ulysses S. Grant__ – Union general, won victories after many Union generals failed

___Robert E. Lee___ – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia

_Frederick Douglass__ – Former slave became a abolitionist and urged Lincoln to

recruit former slaves and free blacks to fight in the Union army

Impact of Civil War and Reconstruction

The period after the civil war when the south was rebuilding was ___Reconstruction__

Lincoln believed the government should not __punish____ the South but act with

“malice towards none, with charity for all, in order to “bind up the nation’s wounds”

_Radical Repub._ favored guaranteeing voting rights and rights for African Americans

Lincoln’s successor, __Andrew Johnson__ was impeached

The three Civil war Amendments were added to the Constitution:

__13th__ – abolished slavery

__14th___ – guaranteed equal rights under the law to all Americans

__15th_____ – guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, or slavery

Reconstruction ended following the controversial __election___ of 1876

Rutherford B. Hayes was elected through the __Compromise of 1877___

The ___Jim Crow____ Era began in which blacks in the South were denied rights

__Southern___ States were left embittered and devastated by the war


Immigration & Urbanization

Ellis Island

Old Immigrants

New Immigrants

Factories

Monopolies

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

Wright Brothers

Henry Ford

Tenements

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Chinese Exclusion Act

Melting Pot

Homestead Act

Integration

Andrew Carnegie

J.P. Morgan

John D. Rockefeller

Laissez-faire

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Nativism

Chinese

Transcontinental Railroad

Steel

Immigration

The __Homestead Act__ provided free public land to settlers in the western territories.

Prior to 1871, most __old immigrants__ came from northern and western Europe

(Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden).

From 1871-1921, most _new immigrants___ came from southern and eastern Europe

(Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia) as well as Asia (China, Japan).

The _Transcontinental Railroad_ was completed in Utah and connected the USA.

_Chinese__ workers helped to build it across California and Nevada.

Most immigrants entered America through __Ellis Island___ in New York

America became a _melting pot__ where immigrants were assimilated in

_Nativism__ – fear that new immigrants would take jobs led to hostility

Congressional passed the _ Chinese Exclusion Act___ in 1882 to ban their immigration

Urbanization

_Factories_ provided jobs but long hours, low pay, & dangerous working conditions

A terrible fire in the _Triangle Shirtwaist Factory__ killed 146 garment workers

Workers families lived in crowded __tenements__ and slums.

Industrialization

Business leaders created huge _monopolies__ that controlled industries

_Andrew Carnegie_ dominated the US steel industry

_JP Morgan__ controlled the finance industry

_Rockefeller__ built a monopoly on the oil industry

_Vanderbilt__ controlled America’s railroads

Henry Bessemer invented a new process new make _steel___

_Edison___ invented the light bulb and electricity

_Bell___ made the first telephone

The __Wright Brothers___ invented the airplane

__Henry Ford_ perfected assembly line manufacturing for automobiles

Reasons for Industrialization and Economic Growth

Government policies based on hands-off _Laissez Faire__ capitalism

Monopolies and trusts (vertical/horizontal _integration___ )


Organized Labor & Discrimination

Knights of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Haymarket

19th

Amendment

Homestead

Sherman

Plessy v. Ferguson

Conditions

Hours

Pullman

Eugene Debs

Woodrow Wilson

Muckrakers

Great Migration

Ida B. Wells

Booker T. Washington

Theodore Roosevelt

17th

Amendment

Tuskegee Institute

Recall

W.E.B. DuBois

Referendum

NAACP

Labor Organizations & Strikes

__Knights of Labor__ –organized both skilled and unskilled workers

American Federation of Labor founded by __Gompers__ organized skilled workers

American Railway Union formed by socialist _Debs___ organized both workers

__Haymarket__ Riot- Seven police officers and several workers killed in protest at

Chicago. Knights of Labor blamed, turning public opinion against organized labor.

_Homestead_ Strike - Three detectives and six workers killed. The union is broken

__Pullman__Strike - Eugene Debs leads strike against Rail Car Company.

Through strikes, workers gained shorter __hours__ and better _conditions_

_Sherman__ Anti-trust Act prevents any business that creates a monopoly

Women’s Suffrage

Encouraged women to enter the labor force before World War I.

The _19th

Amendment__ in 1920 granted women the right to vote.

Discrimination and Segregation

In _ Plessy v. Ferguson__ the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was legal

During the __Great Migration_ blacks moved to Northern cities to escape the South.

__Wells__ – led anti-lynching crusade

_Washington___ believed the way to equality was through vocational education

To promote this, he founded the __Tuskegee Institute__ in Alabama

__DuBois__ said, “We are men; we will be treated as men.” And believed that

education was meaningless without equality.

He founded the ___NAACP__ to help African Americans in 1909

The Progressive Movement

__Roosevelt_ proposed a progressive agenda called the “Square Deal”

President __Wilson__’s agenda was called the “New Freedom”

Government became more responsive to the people

Reporters called _muckrakers__ investigated & reported social injustices

In state governments, the __referendum__ is a direct vote to reject or accept a law

Voters can __recall___ an elected official and remove him from office by vote

The _17th

Amendment_ allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators


Imperialism & WWI

Open Door Policy

Mandate System

Big Stick

Dollar Diplomacy

Archduke Ferdinand

Woodrow Wilson

Treaty of Versailles

Liliuokalani

League of Nations

Germany

Neutral

Zimmerman

14 Points

Panama Canal

Yellow

Maine

Puerto Rico

Rejected

Philippines

Rough Riders

De Lome

Policies

_Open Door__ – Sec. of State Hay’s policy to give all nations equal trading rights in China.

Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy for US businesses to invest in Latin

America

__Big Stick_ – Pres. Roosevelt’s foreign policy (“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”)

Roosevelt negotiated treaty to build the _Panama Canal_ to lessen shipping time

The US annexed Hawaii after overthrowing Queen _Liluokalani__

The Spanish American War -- “A Splendid Little War”

Began with the explosion of the battleship __Maine___in Havana Harbor

Intensified by _Yellow__ Journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer

The __De Lome___ letter insults President McKinley

US gains the Philippines, Guam, & _Puerto Rico____

In Cuba, Teddy Roosevelt becomes a hero when __Rough Riders charge San Juan Hill

After the war, there is an insurrection in the _Philippines__ over US rule

World War I

The war began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand__ in Serbia.

For three years the U.S. remained _neutral_ with little support for involvement

The _Zimmerman__ Telegram exposes plan for alliance between Germany and Mexico.

President _Wilson__ pledges to “make the world safe for democracy.”

The _14 Points_ was Wilson’s plan to bring peace to the world after the war

Wilson proposed a _League of Nations_ of all countries in the world to promote peace

The _Mandate System__ would control the Middle East

The __Treaty of Versailles__ officially ended the war and was harsh on__Germany_

The Treaty was _rejected__ by the US Congress


The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII

Okinawa

Margin

Federal Reserve

Infamy

Hawley Smoot

Franklin Roosevelt

WPA

FDIC

Neutral

AAA

Poland

Island Hopping

Lend-Lease Act

Pearl Harbor

Social Security

Nagasaki

Iwo Jima

Dust Bowl

Battle of Britain

Manchuria

Midway

Hiroshima

Josef Stalin

Stock Market

Harry Truman

Unemployment

New Deal

The Great Depression:

Buying stocks on __margin__ with borrowed money led to inflated stock prices.

The _Federal Reserve_ System failed to prevent collapse of the banking system

The protective _Hawley Smoot__ Tariff led to retaliatory tariffs in other countries

Overproduction in agriculture and a drought led to the _Dust Bowl___ in the plains

The Depression began with the _stock market__ crash on October 29, 1929.

High __unemployment_ and homelessness spread

Franklin D. Roosevelt

FDR’s plan: _the New Deal_ made government more active in solving problems.

_Roosevelt__ said “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”

The _WPA_ and other relief programs gave jobs

The _AAA__ and recovery programs helped agriculture

The _FDIC__ and reform measures corrected unsound banking

The _Social Security_ Act offered safeguards for workers and retirement

World War II

World War II began with Hitler’s invasion of _Poland__ in 1939

The U.S. remained officially _neutral_ during the first two years

Germany pounded England from the air in the _Battle Britain__ .

In 1941, Hitler turned on his former ally, _Stalin__ and invaded Soviet Union.

The U.S. gave Britain war supplies in return for military bases with the _Lend Lease Act

The War in Asia

During the 1930s Japan invaded and brutalized _Manchuria_ in China

Japan attacked the American naval base at _Pearl Harbor__ on December 7, 1941.

FDR calls it, “A date which will live in __infamy_ .”

An _island-hopping___ strategy was to seize islands closer and closer to Japan

In the Battle of _Midway__ the US defeated a much larger Japanese navy.

US invasions of _Iwo Jima__ where Marines raised the flag & __Okinawa___ close to

Japan cost thousands of American lives

Finally, President __Truman___ authorized the use of an atomic bomb

The US dropped 2 atomic bombs on _Hiroshima__ & _Nagasaki__


World War II

Tuskegee

Nisei

Nuremberg

Genocide

Bataan

El Alamein

Jews

Polish

Final Solution

Rationing

War bonds

Stalingrad

Navajo

POWs

Draft

Slavs

Internment

Segregated

D-Day

Manzanar

Rosie the Riveter

Eisenhower

Propaganda

Battles in Europe

German forces were defeated at __El Alamein__ in North Africa

More than a million Soviets & Germans in the Russian city of _Stalingrad___

General _Eisenhower_ led Allied forces in Europe

June 6, 1944 marked _D-Day_ when Allied troops invaded Normandy, France

Minorities in the War

African Americans served in _segregated__ military units

The _Tuskegee__ Airmen were African Americans served with distinction

_Nisei_ Regiments were Asian-Americans who served

The __Navajo__ Code Talkers created an impossible code to break.

_Rosie the Riveter__ was the symbol of women who took men’s jobs in factories

The Holocaust & Geneva Convention A _genocide__ is systematic destruction of a racial, political, or religious group.

Germany’s _Final Solution___ was the Nazi plan to exterminate all Jews.

The Holocaust targeted __Jews__, __Slavs__, & the ___Polish___

Casualties – approximately six million Jews and many others were murdered at Nazi

concentration camps such as Auschwitz.

At the __Nuremberg_ Trials – Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes.

The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of __POWs__

On the __Bataan__ Death March, US POWs suffered brutal treatment by Japanese

The War at Home

__Rationing__ was used to maintain supply of essential products.

__War Bonds___ were sold to finance the war.

The _draft__ or “selective service” was used to provide soldiers

Anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast led to their ___internment__ in camps

One of the largest camps for Japanese-Americans was __Manzanar___

___Propaganda__ were ad campaigns used to increase public morale


The Cold War Iron Curtian

Marshall Plan

38th

Parallel

Vietnamization

Brinkmanship

Korea

Vietnam

NATO

Vietcong

USA

Soviet Union

Douglas MacArthur

United Nations

Fidel Castro

Truman Doctrine

Containment

Warsaw Pact

Gulf of Tonkin

Red Scare

Hawks

Doves

HUAC

Tet Offensive

Watergate

My Lai

McCarthyism

Berlin Wall

John F. Kennedy

Bay of Pigs

Between the democratic __USA__ and communist _Soviet Union__

The _Iron Curtain_ described the division between Communism & Democracies

The Soviets built the __Berlin Wall____ across Germany’s capitol to keep people in

Partition of Germany – East Germany remained under Soviet domination; West

Germany became democratic.

U.S. began the _Marshall Plan to give aid to Western Europe and prevent communism.

The _United Nations__ was created to prevent future global wars

President Truman’s __Doctrine___ was to keep communism from spreading

This is also known as the policy of _Containment___

The US and democracies form the __NATO_ alliance

The Soviet Union and communist countries formed the _Warsaw Pact__

In the US, the __Red Scare___ was the fear of communism

The hysteria & hunt for communists at any cost was known as _McCarthyism__

The _HUAC__ secretly searched for communists and others

Korean & Vietnam War

In 1953, containment brought the US to fight a war in__Korea__

The war ended in a stalemate at the __38th

Parallel__

US forces were led by _Douglas MacArthur, who also oversaw the occupation of Japan

In Vietnam, the US fought the communist army _Vietcong___

On surprise attack on a holiday became known as the __Tet Offensive___

The _Gulf of Tonkin__ Resolution gave President Johnson authority to escalate the war

_Vietnamization___ was President Nixon’s plan for withdrawing of American troops

The __My Lai___ massacre turned many Americans against the war

During the war, supporters were called ___Hawks__, anti-war protesters: __Doves___

President Nixon forced from office by __Watergate__ scandal

Cuba

_Fidel Castro__ led the communist takeover in late 1950s.

The _Bay of Pigs__ invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles failed

In 1962, the __Cuban Missile Crisis_ was when Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba

President _Kennedy_ ordered the Soviets to remove missiles

_Brinksmanship_ was the policy of going to the brink of war


The Cold War & Civil Rights

Alger Hiss

Civil Rights Act

Virginia

Desegregate

Star Wars

Thurgood Marshall

Oliver Hill

Voting Rights Act

Rosenbergs


Brown Vs. Board of Ed.

Kennedy

March on Washington

Sally Ride

Reagan

Glasnost

Glass Ceiling

NAACP

I Have A Dream

Perestroika

Asian

Latin American

The Cold War at home & its End

__Alger Hiss__ was convicted of spying for Soviets

The _Rosenberg___ were convicted and executed for giving nuclear secrets to Soviets

Due to heavy military expenditures, the economy of __Virginia__ benefited

In President __Kennedy__’s inaugural address, he said, “The U.S. would pay any price,

bear any burden … to the success of liberty.” And “Ask not what your country can do

for you, ask what you can do for your country.”

Gorbachev’s policy of __glasnost____ promoted openness

His __Perestroika__ policy called for economic restructuring in the Soviet Union

President __Reagan__ challenged the Soviet Union to “tear down this wall.”

He also increased military spending: __Star Wars__ to pressure the Soviet Union

Civil Rights Movement

The __Brown v. Board of Ed.___ case overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine

Supreme Court decision forced schools to _____________

The __NAACP__ challenged segregation in US courts

__Thurgood Marshall___ was the leader of Brown’s NAACP legal defense team

_Oliver Hill____ led the NAACP defense team in Virginia

In 1963, Martin Luther King led the _March on Washington__

Here, he gave the “I Have a Dream”___ speech

In 1964, Pres. Johnson signed the __Civil Rights Act___ which prohibited

discrimination

The 1965 ___Voting Rights Act__ outlawed literacy tests in voting.

___Sandra Day O’Connor____ became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme

Court

__Sally Ride__ was the first female U.S. astronaut

The __Glass Ceiling_____ represents how career advancement for women not equal to

men

Recently, more immigrants have come from _Asian___ & ___Latin American__

countries

MMooddeerrnn AAmmeerriiccaa

George W. Bush

Communism


Bill Clinton

Iraq

Watergate

Reagan

Roe Vs. Wade

Women

9/11/2001

NAFTA

Germany

Afghanistan

State

Patriot Act George H. W. Bush

Judicial restraint

Persian Gulf

Tax cuts

1970’s

President Nixon forced from office by Watergate scandal

Roe Vs. Wade Supreme Court case that legalizes abortion based on right to privacy

The 1980’s

President Reagan elected in 1980

Conservative Republicans advocated for Tax cuts

Wanted to transfer more responsibilities to State governments

Appointed judges who exercised Judicial restraint

Sandra Day O’Connor became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme Court

The 1990’s

George H. W. Bush served as president 1989–1993

Saw the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe

Germany was reunified

1990 -1991 was the Persian Gulf War in Iraq

First time Women served in a combat role

Bill Clinton was elected President and served 1993–2001

Signed the NAFTA trade agreement between US, Mexico, Canada

2000’s

President Bush elected in close 2000 election

Sees terrorists attacks on United States soil on 9/11/2001

Begins wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to combat terrorism

Congress passes the Patriot Act to increase surveillance and investigation

Documents

Name AAmmeerriiccaann HHiissttoorryy VVooccaabbuullaarryy ...US+History+Outline… · Religious revival movement led by _____ ... Placated Southern states with _____ counting 3/5’s

Name AAmmeerriiccaann HHiissttoorryy VVooccaabbuullaarryy ...US+History+Outline… · Religious revival movement led by _ ... Placated Southern states with _ counting 3/5’s