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Namaste and Good Afternoon

Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

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Page 1: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Namaste and Good Afternoon

Page 2: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Country Paper Nepal

UNESCAPCooperation for Facilitation of International 

Railway Transport

13‐15 October 2014 Bangkok,Thailand

Page 3: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Old and abandoned Railway station in Nepal (80 yrs old)

Page 4: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Nepal at Glance 

• Location : 26⁰ 22' North to 30 ⁰ 27' North and 80⁰ 4' East to 88⁰ 12' East 

• Area : 147,181 Square Km. • Capital City : Kathmandu • Population : 28.82 million* • Population Growth Rate : 1.4%* • Currency : Nepalese Rupee • Some World Heritage Sites : 

– Lumbini (Birth place of Buddha) – Chitwan National Park, Sagarmatha National Park, – Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Bauddhanath, Changu Narayan, – Kathmandu Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square and Patan Durbar 

Square 

• * Based on Population Census Report 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). • Sources: Central Bureau of Statistics 

Page 5: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Nepal Area: 147181 sq km

Population: 28,809,526

5

Page 6: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Main Economic Indicators of the Country Nepal is a developing country with relatively small Economy in South Asia. 

The Economic Indicators: 

Nominal GDP at Producers' Price US$ 15,582 mil. 

Total Consumption US$ 14,028 mil. 

Gross Domestic Saving US$ 1,554 mil. 

Per Capita Income  US$ 658. 

Population below the poverty line  23.8% 

people are in foreign employment as of 2012.  2.5 millions

Economic growth rate 3.6%

Page 7: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Some 800 thousand tourists visited Nepal in 2012and 2013 

Country 2012/2013  2013/2014 

India 20.6%  22.9

China 8.9 %  11.2

Sri Lanka  7.8 %  7.5

USA 6.8 %  7.4

UK 5.0 %  4.7Other Countries 50.9% 

Land route used tourist 25%

Page 8: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Trade Balance 2012 Country  Export  Import  Trade BalanceAfghanistan  3.13  0.002  3.13 Bangladesh  33.88  18.33  15.55 Bhutan  6.60  2.65  3.95 China P. R.  19.83  635.54  ‐615.71 India  518.65  3602.21  ‐3083.56Maldives  0.007  0.005  0.002 Pakistan  1.76  2.45  ‐0.69 Sri Lanka  0.15  1.40  ‐1.25 Total  773.5  6012.1  ‐5238.6 

Page 9: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Possible Cross Border Rail Connectivity with India

INDIA

CHINA

Page 10: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Status of Cross‐Border Rail Transport

Jayanagar‐Janakpur‐Bijalpura (53Km) Heavy flood at Bighi River in Mahottari washed away 

some parts of Railway Bridge over the river in 2001 disrupting the services in Janakpur‐Bijalpura sector, 24 Km.

From that day onwards the railway is running on Janakpur‐Jayanagar sector of 29 km only.

This link is now under upgrading and extension.

Page 11: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Status of Cross‐Border Rail Transport

• There are 6 possible points of cross‐border connectivity with India

• MOU has been signed between India and Nepal to develop cross‐border  rail connectivity with all facilities at 5 border points.

• Under 1st phase construction has already been started at 2 points viz.  Biratnagar and Jaynagar.

• At other 3 locations work will start under 2nd phase.All connectivities will be  in Broad Gauge, the same Gauge as adopted in India.

Page 12: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•The distance from Kolkata to Birgunj is 704 km and between Haldia and Birgunj, 832km. •The train path is controlled by Indian Railways and the container haulage operation is handled by Concor India .

•Paths are given to the freight trains, but there is no predetermined schedule of service and is restricted by Indian scheduled services.

•Journey time on the railway is about four days on average (the range of transit days from ship to Birgunj ICD varies from 2 to 16 days.) 

Trade and Transport Development for the border Crossings 

Page 13: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

• After clearing customs at Birgunj, the Full Container Load (FCL) containers may depart directly to their destination. The Less than Container Load (LCL) containers are de‐stuffed at or generally near BirgunjICD/Dry Port.

• Indian Railways is required by agreement to unload the 80‐90 containers on the rake in 8 to 12 hours and this is achieved using modern reach stackers (there are no rail mounted gantry cranes) 

Trade and Transport Development for the border Crossings 

Page 14: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

• Links between border towns of India and Nepal have already been started to construct at five locations by the grant of Government of India. These are as:‐

• Phase I (Under Construction)• Jogbani (India) –Biratnagar (Nepal) 18.60 Kms• Jaynagar (India) –Bardibas (Nepal) 69.00 Kms• Phase II• New Jalpaiguri (India)– Kakrabitta (Nepal) 46.30 Kms• Nautanwa (India) –Bhairahawa (Nepal) 15.30 Kms• Nepalganj Road (India)– Nepalganj (Nepal) 12.10 Kms

Planned routes and railway lines under construction (cross‐border rail)

Page 15: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Planned routes and railway lines under construction

A Feasibility study was conducted in 2009 to develop rail networks to be part of TAR in the country for: Mechi ‐Mahakali (945 Km) Pokhara ‐ Kathmandu (187 Km)  Connection between proposed Mechi‐Mahakali & 

Kathmandu ‐Pokhara Railway lines. (72 Km)via Tamsaria‐Anbu khaireni link.

Feasibility study of 75 kms of Metro Rail In Kathmandu Valley is completed & the DPR of the same is about to start.

Page 16: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Planned routes and railway lines under constructionMechi‐Mahakali(East‐West) /TAR Electrified Railway (Top Prority)

S.N Name of LinkApprox

Length (Km)Present status of the Link

1Bardibas‐ Simara‐Birgunj

108+28DPR (excluding EIA) Completed construction of track bed and cross drainage works started

2 Simara Tamsaria 127 DPR (excluding EIA) Completed

3Tamsaria‐Butwal‐Lumbini

65+44 DPR (excluding EIA) Completed

4 Buwal‐Kohalpur 215 RFP under evaluation

5Kohalpur‐Gaddachouki

189 RFP in process

6Kakadbhitta‐Bardibas

254

Page 17: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International
Page 18: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Volume and type of Cargo Handled

Page 19: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Container Cargo handled at Birgunj ICD

YearNos. of trains 

handled

Imports (TEUs)

Exports (TEUs)

Remarks

2010‐11 224 19816 617 Weighted average of traffic 

increment is around 9%

2011‐12 225 20102 641

2012‐13 220 19644 748

2013‐14

Utilization of train capacity in terms of conainer slots filled in rail flats has varied from 74% at the begining in 2004‐2005 to 100% in 2012‐2013

Page 20: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Break Bulk/Bulk traffic Export‐Import Volumes at Birgunj ICD

YearImports Exports

Nos. of trains 

Weight(MT) Nos. of trains 

Weight(MT)

2010‐11 139 354040 0 0

2011‐12 146 362277 0 0

2012‐13 204 511984 0 0

2013‐14

• Weighted average traffic increment is around 20%• Iron & steel cargo‐ Bulk• Bagging Cargo‐ Break Bulk

Page 21: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Half the third‐country imports transit in containers by rail from Kolkata to Birgunj. 

•The high‐value goods imports in containers, it covers around 50% and the remaining 50% of third‐county goods travel to Nepal by road in containers or as break‐bulk. 

•The total containerised tonnage arriving by rail is about 190,000 tonnes (a quarter of the total tonnage arriving at Birgunj of 750,000 and arriving in the form of 20,000 TEU per annum). 

•Approximately 5% of third‐county containers arriving by rail at Raxaul originate from Chittagong. 

Trade and Transport Development for the border Crossings 

Page 22: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Legal Basis for International Railway Transport

• Intergovernmental Agreement on the Trans‐Asian Railway Network. 

• SAARC Regional Agreement on Raisslways.(finalized)• SAFTA,BIMSTEC• INDO NEPAL TRADE RELATED AGREEMENTS:

– Treaty of Transit– Treaty of Trade– Rail Services Agreement

Page 23: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Current measures for facilitation of International Railway Transport

• Building of ICPs (phase wise) at identified border crossing  points and providing all the facilities at the same point.

• Also planned to connect the already built ICDs with rail link and ICPs with all facilities.

• Provide such facilities at other border crossings points to be built in future.

• Participation in international facilitation conventions and apply new technology (EDI, National Single Window) and uniform standards.

• Coordination meeting  at different levels (IGC,IGSC)• Meetings of  Inter State Custom Authorities. 

Page 24: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Domestic Rules Governing Trade –Export Import Control Act‐1958 –Export Import Control regulation 1974 –Gazette Notifications of October 2008. –Customs Act 2006 and Regulations 2006. –Private Firm Registration Act, 1959. –Company Act, 2006. –Plant Protection Act, 2006. –Food Act, 1969. –Animal Health and Livestock Services Act –Standard Measurement and Weight Act, 1969 

Current Border Crossing Arrangements and Procedures 

Page 25: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Domestic Rules Governing Trade –Quarantine Act and Regulations. –Narcotics Drug Control Act, 1976. –Patent, Design and Trademark Act, 1967. –Consumer Protection Act, 1998 and Regulations 2000. –Industrial Enterprises Act, 1992. –Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act, 1992. –Trade Policy, 2009. –Industrial Policy, 2010. –Nepal Trade Integration Strategy, 2010. –Various Acts and Legislations governing services like education, health, accounting, tourism and professional services. 

Current Border Crossing Arrangements and Procedures 

Page 26: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•International Rules –Unilateral preferences available under GSP and zero tariff –Preferences by the developing and developed countries. –Bilateral arrangement. •Nepal India Trade secretary level mechanism(IGC) and Joint secretary level mechanism(IGSC) •Treaties:‐ Trade treaty, Transit Treaty, Control of unauthorised Trade and Rail Service Agreement. –Regional trade agreements of SAFTA and BIMSTEC FTA. –WTO rules and obligations. 

Current Border Crossing Arrangements and Procedures 

Page 27: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

`

Trans Asian Railways

Page 28: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

BirolRadhikapur

(India, Nepal)

Mohishasan(India)

Myanmar

Shahbazpur

Akhaura

Tongi

Chittagong

Gundum

Dohazari

Darsana

Singabad (India, Nepal)

Dhaka

IshurdiAbdulpur

Rohanpur

TAR-1Gede (India)

Ramu

Dinazpur

Parbatipur

Kulaura

TAR Contd.Bangaladesh

Page 29: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•At the border there are two distinct border facilities, these being 27 traditional border post located on the historic crossing points between India and Nepal, and five Inland Clearance Depots (ICDs) at:  –Birgunj (rail only facility, India); 

–Biratnagar (road, India); –Bhairahawa (road, India); –Kakadbhitta (road, India); and –Tatopani (road, China). 

•Feasibility study has been done for the construction of dry port in Sharlahi, Rajbiraj, Gaur and Maheshpur Customs . •Integrated check post construction in Birantagar, Birgunj, Nepalgunj and Bhairawa customs under process. 

Facilities at the Borders 

Page 30: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

ICD at Birgunj

Page 31: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

ICD  at Bhairahawa

Page 32: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Establishing an efficient , integrated and harmonized  transit   transport system in south Asia 

•Designation of fixed transit transport routes and provision of necessary facilities 

• Harmonization of rules, regulations and procedures for goods and vehicles, including customs procedure . 

•Simplifying and harmonizing transport , trade and customs regulations and requirements for the purpose of facilitation of goods in transit 

•Provision of multimodal transport  facility 

•Linking ICDs with railway line 

•Enhance and strengthening quarantine mechanism for its recognition • Harmonization of railway gauges in neighboring countries.• Seamless movement of people and cargo across the border.

Major Challenges in cross‐border and transit transport by rail

Page 33: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Effective risk management system 

•Effective dispute settlement system

•Special provisions for the transportation of time‐sensitive goods such as drugs and perishable goods . 

•Investment in infrastructure hardware as well as software

•Quality of roads and railways.

Major Challenges

Page 34: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Key Areas for cooperation for efficient border & transit railway Operations

• Expansion of Regional Connectivity.• Establishment of new link connecting China and India via Rasuwagadhi in Nepal.

• Technology support from the countries with huge railway network.

• Availability of fund for the development of railway network including TAR.

Page 35: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Suggestions on further initiatives/measures and expected role of UNESCAP in supporting these 

measures• Training with field observation trips for knowledge and technology transfer.

• Encouraging member states for the construction of missing links.

• Identification of new possible border crossing points with rail links and related studies.

• Platform for discussions and development of TAR in the region. 

Page 36: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Nepal specially the southern part is very good potential for railway development • Although Nepal had about 100 km of operational rail 

length  some 85 yrs ago it  could neither be preserved nor be upgraded.

• The capital city of Kathmandu has reached a stage where some sort of railway service is essential. 

• The  East West railway 945 km in length also a part of TAR  should be developed  fast.

• Also thereis a possibility of linking  China And India  by rail via Bhairahawa‐ Rasuwagadhi link.

Conclusiion /Way Forward

Page 37: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

•Considering the huge size of investment need and the cutting edge technology that has been developed across the globe Nepal’s initiations to  develop railway network needs support from neighboring countries as well as development partners.

Conclusion /Way Forward

Page 38: Namaste and Good Afternoon · Namaste and Good Afternoon. Country Paper Nepal UNESCAP Cooperation for Facilitation of International

Thank You