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Namas ChandraIntroduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-1
EML 3004C
CHAPTER 1
What is Engineering?
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Objectives
Engineering as a careerRelationship between engineer and other professionalsEngineering Professional OrganizationsThe foundations of engineering design: Knowledge, experience and intuition
Sections
1.1 Engineering has many fields
1.2 Professional Engineering Organizations
1.3 The Engineer: Central to Project Management
1.4 Engineering: A set of skills
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What is Engineering?
What does engineering mean to you?“The application of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems”
“The bridge between pure science and practical application”
“The application of scientific principles to provide goods to satisfy human needs”
“Creative problem solving”
“The use of technology to perform tasks”
“The study of how to build things”
“The study of how things work and how we can make them work better”
“A scholarly, yet practical, study of the physical applications of human beings' technology combined with nature's laws”
“A profession by which you utilize mathematical, scientific, and physical knowledge for the betterment of humankind”
“Being creative and facing new challenges every day”
The practical application of mathematics and science to create, design, improve and develop knowledge, products, technology and economy
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Engineers are classified based on the field of specialization.
Traditional engineering programs are:• Civil Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Industrial Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
Other engineering programs are:• Aeronautical Engineering
• Nuclear Engineering
• Mining and Petroleum Engineering
• Agricultural Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Telecommunication Engineering
• Electronics Engineering
• Ocean Engineering/Naval Architecture
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computer Engineering
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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineers design and construct national infrastructure.
They plan, design, construct, operate and maintainRoadsBridgesBuildingsAirports
Large StructuresWater treatment facilitiesWaste management facilitiesAquifers
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Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineers develop large scale plants that produce products that are used in every day life.
They plan, design, construct, operate and maintain complex systems that produce
Petroleum productsBuilding materialsPlastics and polymersOil and natural gas
Biochemical productsBuilding materialsFertilizersCosmetics
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Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineers are involved in anything electrical- electrical devices, systems and energy.
They plan, design, construct, operate and maintain products that use electricity –virtually everything
TelevisionComputersInstrumentsAudio devices
Communication devices- telephone, cell phone, faxBank tellersAll electrical machinery
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Industrial Engineering
Industrial engineers device methods of manufacture to achieve optimal, reliable and cost effective products.
They design, organize, operate and implement basic production methods and specialize in
ManufactureWork designHuman factorsManagement decision making
Quality ControlFacility DesignCost and work studyEngineering Management
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Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineers design, analyze, and develop, control and maintain machines, structures, devices and mechanical systems.
This is the broadest discipline dealing with virtually all productsAutomobilesJet enginesGas turbinesLight/Heavy machinery
BicyclesFluids (also bio-fluid)Power plantsDisk drives
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Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineers cover a large number of technical fields.
They include
Solid MechanicsFluid MechanicsThermodynamics
Vibration and controlMechanical Design
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Areas in Mechanical Engineering
Solid Mechanics analyze the behavior of solid bodies subjected to stresses and external loads. They design machines, structures of cars, tanks, jets, trains, computers and disk drives.
Fluid Mechanics study flow of fluids and gases in the design of pumps,fans, turbines and flow around planes and cars and in engines.
Dynamics, vibration and control deal with bodies in motion, theirstability and methods to control them.
Mechanical Design translates an idea into useful product or service to meet the societal needs.
Ultimately we are interested in developing devices and products.
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Courses in ME –first two years
Our Course
Pre-reqs
Pre-reqs
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Junior/Senior Years in M.E.
Dynamics, control
Fluid Mechanics
Solid Mechanics
Design
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Job Classification Among Engineers
Research Engineer develops new products, design, and processes.This is applied research to ensure products are at leading edge.
Design Engineer deals with all aspects of design process from concept,detailed drawing, materials, manufacture, and disposal. They also modify existing products based on changing needs or functionality
Consulting Engineer works independently to perform a number of engineering services on contract basis, e.g. accident analysis
Engineering Professor typically with a Ph. D. teach classes, conduct research and train M.S. and Ph. D. students. They do service through consulting, professional societies and governmental and educational boards.
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Transition from high school to college to engineering college
University is a different ball game from high school Higher standards are expected
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Transition from high school to college to engineering college
Need different skill sets at university Study skills/strategies Attitudes Communication Skills Time Management techniques
Professors assume that you have the requisite background and skill
Take off from Day 1 Very little time to catch up Semester is too short Homework/Tests start from very beginning and affect the grade Excuses are rarely accepted (Responsibility is yours) Grading is based on relative performance (much talented students
with tough competition)
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Professional Organizations
Professional Societies bring members with similar background, training and expertise. They
Conduct Meetings/Conferences/Workshops
Publish Journals/articles after a peer-review process
Set self-regulating boards with standards and codes
Provide job networks and product information.
Organization Abbreviation
Starting Year
Strength
Aeronatics and Astronatuics
AIAA 1963 31,000
Chemical AIChE 1908 57,000
Civil ASCE 1852 123,000
Computer ACM 1947 80,000
Electrical IEEE 1884 350,000
Industrial IEE 1948 24,000
Mechanical ASME 1880 125,000
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M.E. Professional Societies
Organization AddressAmerican Astronautical Society www.aas.org
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
www.aiaa.org
American Society of Testing and Materials
www.astm.org
American Soecity of Heating, Referigeration, and Air-Conditionaing Engineers
www.ashrae.org
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
www.asme.org
Society of Automotive Engineers www.sae.org
Society of Manufacturing Engineers www.sme.org
Materials Research Society www.mrs.org
The Materials, Minerals and Metallurgical Society
www.tms.org
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Engineers-Central to a Project Team
Engineers do not work in isolation. They are part of a much larger team.
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Engineers-Central to a Project Team
Engineers do not work in isolation. They are part of a much larger team. Team may comprise
Other Mechanical engineers Engineers from different disciplines Scientists (Physicists, Chemists, Mathematicians) Completely diverse backgrounds like
Marketing Staff Fabricators Technicians Financial analysts Company executives Lawyers
Should function effectively through Communication Speaking different languages Personality trait
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Engineering: A set of skills
To be a good engineer, you need to excel in Theoretical Practical Technical
aspects and be a good Organizer Communicator
You achieve these expertise thorough Knowledge Expertise Intuition
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1.4.1 Knowledge in Engineering
Knowledge is the essence of body of facts Scientific Principle Mathematical/Computational tools
Universities disseminates knowledge through formal education.
For engineers formal knowledge is Natural Sciences: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology
Formal engineering courses impart knowledge in Mechanics Materials Circuits Computer Programming
Engineers NEVER stop to acquire knowledge. On-the-job training, courses, continuing education, technical meetings are a must for keeping abreast and staying alive.
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1.4.2 Engineering: Experience
To an engineer experience is as critical as subject (discipline) specific knowledge.
You gain experience through solving problems using Procedures Techniques Rules of Thumb Learning from failures
Experience teaches you the tricks of the trade Engineers design and in designing they consider
Cost Reliability Manufacturability Ergonomics Marketability
Most of these constraints are satisfied based on experience and working with others in teams.
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Engineering: Intuition
Intuition is acquired through experience, practice and some more practice.
As you will see, in design there are unclear and often conflicting requirements. They all need to be satisfied and a feel is required. That is intuition.
As more and more design tools like Computer analysis programs (finite element methods) Visualizations Virtual prototyping Integrated CAD/CAM/CAE
become available, then less and less intuition may be needed.
