NAI Global's 2012 Global Market Report Overview

8/3/2019 NAI Global's 2012 Global Market Report Overview

1/25

5;35 NDHECD ICU@OQ UO[HUQ

Jm|orqiomq Hlljbo Jmarqujcd Uoqcjd Dcma

\cdor$ quomar , h{{huqmjqjor jm5;;+ {uh{ouqz icu`oqr ~huda~jao


2/25

Fcmcuz 5;35

Aocu Uocd Orqcqo Owobqj|o6

5;33 ~cr c zocu hl qucmrjqjhm lhu bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo icuòqr- ^gjdo qgo zocu rqcuqoa hll hm c {hrjqj|o mhqo ~jqg euhca

ecroa icuòq ji{uh|oiomqr$ ez iJazocu bgh{{z ~cqour hmbo cncjm oiounoa cma zoq ez zocu)oma icuòqr cuo rdh~dz eq

rqocajdz ji{uh|jmn- ^gjdo qgo do|od hl h{qjijri |cujor luhi icuòq qh icuòq$ cma obhmhijor jm rhio {cuqr hl qgo ~huda rqjdd

lcbo rjnmjljbcmq bgcddomnor$ bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo icuòq lmaciomqcdr cuo nomoucddz ji{uh|jmn- ^gjdo rerqcmqjcd mbouqcjmqz

uoicjmr jm Ouh{o$ qgo aocuqg hl mo~ ao|odh{iomq bhiejmoa ~jqg o|om rdh~ obhmhijb nuh~qg ~jdd uordq jm qjngq uocd orqcqo

icuòqr h|ou qgo mowq 5)2 zocur-

Bhu{hucqjhmr hmbo cncjm cuo ih|jmn lhu~cua hm {dcmr$ uodocrjmn {omq){ aoicma cma jm ihrq bcror qc`jmn ca|cmqcno hl c

qomcmqr icuòq ~huda~jao qh uoabo qgoju h|oucdd hbb{cmbz bhrqr- Qgo icrrj|o ~c|o hl lhuobdhruor ow{obqoa h|ou q~hzocur cnh cuo ljmcddz eonjmmjmn qh icqoujcdjvo- ^ghdorcdo ezour cuo rbhh{jmn { dcuno {huqlhdjhr hl dhcmr cma UOH ~jqg

{uhabq bhijmn qh qgo uoqcjd icuòq jm c bhmquhddoa icmmou- Jm|orqhur cuo eonjmmjmn qh bgcro zjoda cr qgoz ih|o eozhma

bhuo quh{gz crroqr qh qgo scdjqz h{{huqmjrqjb {dczr jm rquhmn robhmacuz icuòqr- Qgouo bhmqjmor qh eo c quoiomahr

cihmq hl bc{jqcd cicrroa hm qgo rjaodjmor ~jqg c uo{huqoa rghuqcno hl scdjqz crroqr hllouoa lhu rcdo- ô ow{obq ihuo crroqr

qh qucmrcbq cr {ujbjmn bhmqjmor qh ghda rqocaz-

MCJ Ndhecd jr {docroa qh {uoromq jqr 5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq- Mh~ jm jqr 5


3/25

5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-b

m m m q bNomoucd JmlhuicqJhmMCJ Ndhecd [uorjaomqr Doqqou-----------------------------------------------------------3Qcedo hl Bhmqomqr-- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------5Mhqo luhi Au- [oqou Djmmoicm---------------------------------------------------------2Cehq Qgo Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq------------------------------------------------------2

Ndhecd hqdhh`_R Zocu jm Uo|jo~ --------------------------------------------------------------------------1

uoNJhmcd GJNGdJNGqrMhuqgocrq Gjngdjngqr---------------------------------------------------------------------51Rhqgocrq Gjngdjngqr --------------------------------------------------------------------5?Ija~orq Gjngdjngqr-----------------------------------------------------------------------5ôrq Gjngdjngqr----------------------------------------------------------------------------57

crJc [cbJlJbcj

Caodcjao-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2;Eujrecmo ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2;Iodehumo--------------------------------------------------------------------------------23[ouqg----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23Rzamoz-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

bgjEojfjmn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25Ncmnvgh-------------------------------------------------------------------------------22Ghmn @hmn ---------------- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------22Rgcmngcj----------------------------------------------------------------------------------21Rgomvgom---------------------------------------------------------------------------------21Wjcm----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2?

Nci------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2?Jj

Bgommcj -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

Fc`cuqc$ Jmahmorjc------------------------------------------------------------------------27Qh`zh$ Fc{cm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------27@cdc Di{u$ Icdczrjc----------------------------------------------------------------2:

m~ VCb`dcma----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2:Bgujrqbgubg-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1;ôddjmnqhm--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1;

Rjmnc{huo------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13Rohd$ Rhqg @huoc-----------------------------------------------------------------------13Qcj{oj$ Qcj~cm ------------------------------------------------------------------------------15Gh Bgj Ijmg Bjqz$ \joqmci-------------------------------------------------------------15

bcmcacc

Bcdncuz --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------- ------11Oaihmqhm --------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

ejjg bj\cmbh|ou--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1?\jbqhujc ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1?

m| rjGcdjlcw -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1rg~

Uonjmc--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

ouh[o$ iJaado ocrq$ cluJbcQgo Ecdqjbr 'Dcq|jc(Orqhmjc(Djqgcmjc* --------------------------------------------?;Eurrodr$ Eodnji ------------------------------------------------------------------------?;Rhljc$ Edncujc -----------------------------------------------------------------------------?3[ucno$ Bvobg Uo{edjb----------------------------------------------------------------?3Godrjm`j$ Ljmdcma---------------------------------------------------------------------------?5[cujr$ Lucmbo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------?5Lucm`luq ci Icjm$ Nouicmz --------------------------------------------------------?2 Cqgomr$ Nuoobo --------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------- --------------?2Qod C|j|$ Jruocd ------------------------------------------------------------------------------?1 Cdicqz$ @cvc`grqcm -------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------?1@~cjq-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------??Dwoiehun Bjqz$ Dwoiehun------------------------------------------------------?? Cirqouaci$ Qgo Moqgoudcmar--------------------------------------------------------?Ihrbh~$ Urrjc---------------------------------------------------------------------------?7

Rq- [oqoureun$ Urrjc ---------------- --------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---?7Eodnucao$ Rouejc --------------------------------------------------------------------------?:Fhgcmmoreun$ Rhqg Clujbc --------------- ---------------- ---------------- -----------?:Icauja$ R{cjm ------------------------------------------------------------------------------


4/255;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bh

Qgo 5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq jr c bh{zujngqoa {edjbcqjhm

hl MCJ Ndhecd$ {edjrgoa jm Aoboieou 5;33$ cma rghda mhq

eo uo{uhaboa ~jqghq ldd {ouijrrjhm- Caajqjhmcd bh{jor cuo

c|cjdcedo luhi MCJ Ndhecd-

5;35 MCJ Ndhecd- Cdd ujngqr uorou|oa-

Aoihnuc{gjb acqc r{{djoa ez C{{djoa Nohnuc{gjb Rhdqjhmr

mc m lm a- [ dj

mc qgm N i u{

Hmbo cncjm$ Djmmoicm Crrhbjcqor jr {docroa qh fhjm

MCJ Ndhecd jm qgo {uhabqjhm hl qgo 5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq

Uo{huq- Lhu zocur$ MCJ Ndhecd gcr buocqoa qgjr cmmcd uo)

{huq$ qgo jmarquzr rhubo lhu jm)ao{qg icuòq)ez)icuòq

acqc$ cq c do|od hl aoqcjd mc|cjdcedo luhi hqgou uorhubor-

Rjmbo hu q~h huncmjvcqjhmr lhunoa c rqucqonjb cddjcmbo

jm 5;;2$ ~o gc|o {uh|jaoa MCJ {uhlorrjhmcdr cma bdjomqr

~jqg bhi{uogomrj|o icuòq cmcdzror$ brqhijvoa uo{huqr

cma hu {our{obqj|o hm icbuhobhmhijb jmajbcqhur cr qgoz

{ouqcjm qh uocd orqcqo icuòqr-

Ez bhiejmjmn MCJ Ndhecdr dhbcd icuòq acqc ~jqg hu uocd

orqcqo obhmhijbr ow{ouqjro cma {uh{ujoqcuz {uhfobqjhmr$

~o fhjmqdz {uh|jao qgo uocaou ~jqg micqbgoa jmrjngq jmqh

qgo rqcqo hl dhbcd$ uonjhmcd$ mcqjhmcd cma jmqoumcqjhmcd uocd

orqcqo icuòqr- Djmmoicm Crrhbjcqor cma MCJ Ndhecd bhm)

qjmo qh fhjmqdz hllou brqhijvoa uocd orqcqo icuòq cmcdzror

cma uo{huqr- Omujbg zhu erjmorr cma jm|orqiomq ollhuqr ez

qjdjvjmn qgjr bhiejmcqjhm hl uocd orqcqo ow{ouqjro$ jmbdajmn

qgo Djmmoicm Crrhbjcqor cma MCJ icuòq cmcdzror cma uocd

orqcqo aobjrjhm ic`jmn qhhdr- Lhu ihuo jmlhuicqjhm$ bcdd

zhu dhbcd MCJ hlljbo-

Au- [oqou Djmmoicm$ Bgjol Obhmhijrq

MCJ Ndhecd

Au- Djmmoicm ghdar ehqg Icrqour cma Ahbqhucqo aonuoor

jm obhmhijbr luhi qgo _mj|ourjqz hl Bgjbcnh cma jr qgo

[ujmbj{cd hl Djmmoicm Crrhbjcqor- Lhu h|ou 5? zocur go

gcr {uh|jaoa rqucqonjb cma ljmcmbjcd ca|jbo qh docajmn

bhu{hucqjhmr- Au- Djmmoicm jr qgo cqghu hl qgo docajmn

uocd orqcqo ljmcmbo qowqehh`$ Uocd Orqcqo Ljmcmbo cma

Jm|orqiomqr6 Ujr`r cma H{{huqmjqjor- Gjr qocbgjmn cma

uorocubg lhbr hm uocd orqcqo cma jm|orqiomq rqucqonjor$

iounour cma cbsjrjqjhmr cma jmqoumcqjhmcd icuòqr- Go

gcr {edjrgoa h|ou


5/25

Ndhecd Hqdhh`

_R Zocu jm Uo|jo~

Cr 5;33 bhior qh c bdhro$ bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo icuòqr cbuhrrqgo _mjqoa Rqcqor cuo bhmqjmjmn qh rqunndo cr gjng moi{dhziomq$aoljbjq cma aoeq bujror jm qgo _mjqoa Rqcqor cma Ouh{o$ cma {hdjqjbcdnujadhb` jm ^crgjmnqhm gc|o gojngqomoa bhmboumr cehq qgo rquomnqghl qgo obhmhijb uobh|ouz cma buocqoa c gjngdz mbouqcjm erjmorrom|juhmiomq- ^gjdo qgouo ~cr {hrjqj|o ihiomqi cma rquhmn docrjmncbqj|jqz jm ihrq icuòqr lhu qgo ljurq gcdl hl 5;33$ icuòq lmaciomqcdrrqcnmcqoa jm qgo robhma gcdl cr qgo mbouqcjm obhmhijb bdjicqo~ojngoa hm aoicma- \cbcmbz ucqor uoicjm gjng eq gc|o aobdjmoajm icmz icuòqr$ qghng ihrq hl qgo ji{uh|oiomq qhh` {dcbo jm qgoljurq gcdl hl qgo zocu- Cr`jmn uomqr cdrh uoicjm dh~$ qghng qgouo gc|oeoom ji{uh|oiomqr jm rhio icuòqr-

Hlljbo hbb{jour cuo qc`jmn ca|cmqcno hl dh~ uomqcd ucqor qh {nucaoqh Bdcrr C hlljbo {uh{ouqjor jm bomqucd erjmorr ajrqujbqr- Gh~o|ou$ ~gjdo

docrjmn cbqj|jqz gcr eoom rquhmn$ icmz huncmjvcqjhmr cuo bhmrhdjacqjmnh{oucqjhmr ez oieucbjmn olljbjomq r{cbo aorjnm cma uoabjmn qgojuhlljbo lhhq{ujmq$ uordqjmn jm moncqj|o cerhu{qjhm- \cbcmbz ucqor lhu BEABdcrr C hlljbo jmbuocroa ez 1/ qh 32-7/ jm 5;33- Mcqjhmcd c|oucnocr`jmn uomqr rdj{{oa luhi !25-?3 jm 5;3; qh !5:-?: jm 5;33-

Qgo {uh|ouejcd ldjngq qh scdjqz jr cdrh qc`jmn {dcbo jm reuecm hlljboicuòqr$ ~jqg qgo mcqjhmcd |cbcmbz ucqo lhu Bdcrr C reuecm hlljboaobdjmjmn 5- 5;;7 5;;: 5;3; 5;33

5;;< 5;;> 5;;7 5;;: 5;3; 5;33

mqjhd c|ono uoqd uqor

mqjhd c|ono \bbz uqor

mqjhd c|ono uoqd uqor

mqjhd c|ono \bbz uqor

5;;< 5;;> 5;;7 5;;: 5;3; 5;33

HlljboAh~mqh~m)Bdcrr C !2-23 !2>-33 !25-?3 !5:-?:Reuecm)Bdcrr C !51-1: !5?-7> !5 !3:-3? !37-?2 !3>-?7Uonjhmcd Icddr !11-:> !1-5/ 7-1/ 33->/ 35->/ 33-3/[h~ou Bomqour /Uonjhmcd Icddr ?-1/ 1-7/ ?--;/ -7/

Rhubo6 MCJ Ndhecd


6/25

_R H|ou|jo~

Qgo _R jr ~odd h|ou q~h zocur jmqh qgo ihrq cmoijb uobh|ouz jm {hrq)^^ JJ gjrqhuz$ cmaqgo uobh|ouz bhmqjmor qh ~ocòm- O|ouzhmo$ jmbdajmn eocujrg lhuobcrqour$ gcr eoom

rghbòa ez qgo ~oc`morr hl qgo uobh|ouz qh acqo- Clqou c eurq hl nuh~qg ruuhmajmn

qgo Mh|oieou 5;3; odobqjhmr$ ~oc`morr uoqumoa cr qgo lmaciomqcd bhddc{ro hl rqcedo

cma {uoajbqcedo udor lhu qgo obhmhiz uorioa- Jq eobcio bdocu ~jqgjm c lo~ ihmqgr

clqou qgo Mh|oieou 5;3; odobqjhmr qgcq {hdjqjbjcmr hl ehqg {cuqjor ~ouo ihuo jmqouorqoa

jm ugoqhujb qgcm {uoajbqcejdjqz- Cr nh|oumiomq rgqah~mr cma aolcdqr ~ouo qguocqomoa

ez docaour hl ehqg {cuqjor$ m{uoajbqcejdjqz rhcuoa- Iocm~gjdo$ qgo Hecic caijmjrqucqjhm

jrroa mo~ uondcqjhmr cma jmqou|omqjhmr jm qgo eodjol qgcq euocbucqr$ mhq omquo{uomour$

buocqo nuh~qg-

Ceromq docaourgj{ jm cmz eucmbg hl nh|oumiomq$ qgjr icdcjro ~jdd bhmqjmo- ô uobcdd qgcq

5; qh 5? zocur cnh$ icmz jm qgo _R ~cmqoa qh eobhio ihuo djò Fc{cm0 rcadz$ ~o gc|orbbooaoa cma gc|o qgo cmoijb obhmhijb nuh~qg qh {uh|o jq- Jm qgo iocmqjio$ hu nuh~qg

jr dcunodz aucnnoa lhu~cua ez {h{dcqjhm nuh~qg ucqgou qgcm omquo{uomoujcd cbqj|jqz-

Qgouo jr rhio nhha mo~r jm qgo obhmhiz- Uocd NA[$ qghng lcu eodh~ gjrqhujb quomar$

gcr ujrom qh mo~ gojngqr cma jr nuh~jmn cehq 3-?/ cmmcddz- Gh~o|ou$ qgjr iocmr qgcq

q~h qgjuar hl obhmhijb nuh~qg jr auj|om ez {h{dcqjhm nuh~qg cma hmdz hmo qgjua |jc

{uhabqj|jqz nuh~qg-

Qhqcd {czuhdd oi{dhziomq {ocòa jm Fcmcuz 5;;7 cq mocudz 327 ijddjhm fher$ ehqqhijmn

q~h zocur dcqou cq 7->? ijddjhm lo~ou fher- ô gc|o uoncjmoa 5-2 ijddjhm fher qguhng

Hbqheou 5;33$ hu hmdz cehq 5?/ hl qgo 7-7 ijddjhm fher dhrq aujmn qgo uoborrjhm- Hmdz

qgo icfhu IRCr hl Qowcr gc|o orromqjcddz uoncjmoa cdd hl qgoju dhrq fher$ ~gjdo ihrq

icuòqr gc|o uoncjmoa dorr qgcm 5;/ hl qgoju fhe dhrror- Cr c uordq$ ihrq icuòqr gc|o

cbgjo|oa hmdz cehq hmo qgjua hl qgo fhe uobh|ouz cmqjbj{cqoa ez o|om {orrjijrqjb

lhuobcrqour- Qgo fhe ncjmr ~gjbg gc|o hbbuuoa gc|o eoom {ujicujdz bhmbomqucqoa cihmn

~odd oabcqoa$ hdaou cadqr- Iocm~gjdo qgo uoborrjhm bhmqjmor dcunodz mcecqoa cihmn

qgo zhmn cma {hhu oabcqoa-

Clqou {oc`jmn jm Hbqheou 5;;: cq 3;-3/$ qgo _R moi{dhziomq ucqo aobdjmoa qh 7-7/

jm Icubg 5;33$ eq rqhha cq :/ jm Hbqheou 5;33 cr {h{dcqjhm nuh~qg auj|om dcehu lhubo

ow{cmrjhm ru{crroa fhe lhuicqjhm- Qgo ioajcm moi{dhziomq aucqjhm rqcmar cq 5;-7

~oo`r$ c aobdjmo luhi qgo 5?-? ~oo` gjng jm Fmo 5;3;$ eq rqjdd rjnmjljbcmqdz gjngou qgcm

qgo 7-1 ~oo`r room jm 5;;>)5;;7- Qgo {oubomq moi{dhzoa 5> ~oo`r hu ihuo oanoa

ah~m h|ou qgo dcrq scuqou$ cma rqhha cq 15-2 / jm Hbqheou 5;33 rjnmjljbcmqdz gjngouqgcm qgo dh~ hl 3>-2/ jm Aoboieou 5;;>$ eq hm {cu ~jqg qgo 1?-7/ gjng jm Fmo 5;3;-

Cq qgo rcio qjio$ rghuq)qoui 'lj|o ~oo`r hu dorr* moi{dhziomq r{oddr cbbhmq lhu 3:-1/

hl qgo moi{dhzoa$ bhi{cuoa qh 2>/ cq qgo eonjmmjmn hl qgo uoborrjhm-

Qgo icunjmcddz cqqcbgoa dcehu lhubo rqhha cq 5-< ijddjhm jm Hbqheou$ cehq qgo rcio cr

hmo zocu ocudjou- Qgo Euoc hl Dcehu Rqcqjrqjbr aoljmor qgo icunjmcddz cqqcbgoa cr

jmaj|jacdr ~gh cuo mhq {cuq hl qgo dcehu lhubo$ eq ~cmqoa ~hu` cma ~ouo c|cjdcedo lhu

~hu`$ gc|jmn dhhòa lhu c fhe jm qgo dcrq 35 ihmqgr$ eq mhq jm qgo dcrq lhu ~oo`r-

Ao qh qgo cerombo hl c rqcedo {hdjqjbcd om|juhmiomq$ ~o gc|o aucicqjbcddz dh~ouoa hu

lhuobcrqr qh 3-< ijddjhm fher jm 5;33$ 3-7 ijddjhm jm 5;35$ cma 5-: ijddjhm jm 5;32$ ~odd

eodh~ qgo 2)2-? ijddjhm c zocu ~gjbg ~hda hqgou~jro hbbu- Qgo orqjicqo hl 5-: ijddjhm

5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bhi


7/25

fher lhu 5;32 crrior qgcq ~o ~jdd roo rhio aonuoo hl rcmjqz uoqum clqou qgo odobqjhm- Jl

qgcq ahor mhq hbbu$ hu orqjicqo jr frq 5 ijddjhm mo~ fher jm 5;32- Crrijmn {hdjqjbcd

rcmjqz h|ouqc`or {hdjqjbcd |cmjqz {hrq)odobqjhm$ qgoro orqjicqor ji{dz qgcq ez qgo oma hl

5;32$ qhqcd fher ~jdd eo hm {cu ~jqg qgo do|od cq qgo oma hl 5;;< 'eolhuo qgo {oc`*$ o|om

qghng qgo {h{dcqjhm ~jdd eo dcunou ez 5; ijddjhm- Qgoro orqjicqor cdrh iocm qgcq qgo

moi{dhziomq ucqo cq zocu)oma 5;32 ~jdd rqjdd eo c{{uhwjicqodz 7-?/- Gombo hu icmquc

uoicjmr6 cm oi{dhziomq uobh|ouz qh mjmr{jujmn ioajhbujqz-

Ocudz bzbdjbcd nuh~qg gcr lhddh~oa qgo ihmoz- Qgo ajrqjmnjrgjmn lcbqhu hl qgjr uobh|ouz jr

qgcq fhe nuh~qg gcr eoom ~oc` jm ihrq jmarquz robqhur cma IRCr eobcro mdj o {uo|jhrbzbdor$ qgjr bzbdo rc~ ~jaor{uoca nh|oumiomqcddz qcunoqoa bc{jqcd cddhbcqjhmr- Gombo$ ihrq

hl qgo {uj|cqo robqhu uoicjmoa bc{jqcd)rqcu|oa lcu dhmnou qgcm mhuicd$ cr djijqoa bc{jqcd ~cr

cddhbcqoa c~cz luhi Icjm Rquooq qh ^cdd Rquooq- Hmdz cr bc{jqcd ldh~r cncjm qh Icjm Rquooq

~jdd Icjm Rquooq oi{dhziomq nuh~qg hbbu$ qghng ~jqg c < 35)ihmqg dcn-

^jqg qgo hlljbjcd oma hl qgo uoborrjhm uobhuaoa jm Fmo 5;;:$ qgo _R obhmhiz jr cduocaz

jm qgo qgjua zocu hl c ro|om zocu uobh|ouz- jqg qgo owbo{qjhm hl ghio {ujbor$ cdd hl qgo oz

obhmhijb jmajbcqhur cuo hm qgo crbomq luhi qgoju uor{obqj|o dh~ {hjmqr$ eq cuo cq idqj{do

rqcmacua ao|jcqjhmr luhi gjrqhujbcd mhuir- Clqou mjmo bhmrobqj|o scuqour hl {hrjqj|o

nuh~qg qguhng qgo qgjua scuqou hl 5;33$ uocd {ou bc{jqc NA[ gcr uoncjmoa :5/ hl ~gcq

~cr dhrq aujmn qgo uoborrjhm$ eq uoicjmr qguoo rqcmacua ao|jcqjhmr luhi qgo gjrqhujbcd

quoma- _R qhqcd moq ~ocdqg gcr uoncjmoa 51-3/ hl ~gcq ~cr dhrq aujmn qgo uoborrjhm$ cmajr 5-2 rqcmacua ao|jcqjhmr luhi qgo gjrqhujbcd quoma- Cma aor{jqo dh~ bhmriou romqjiomq

do|odr$ uoqcjd rcdor cuo cdrh ic`jmn c bhioecb` ~jqg c


8/25

rqcmacua ao|jcqjhmr luhi qgo mhui- Idqjlcijdz rqcuqr cuo rqcnjmn c bhioecb`$ ~gjdo rjmndo

lcijdz bhmrqubqjhm jr dcnnjmn$ cr ibg owborr jm|omqhuz rqjdd mooar qh eo cerhueoa-

O|om cr qgo cllhuacejdjqz hl rjmndo lcijdz h~mourgj{ jr cq cm cdd qjio gjng ao qh qgo

bhiejmcqjhm hl dh~ ghio {ujbor cma crqhmajmndz dh~ ihuqncno ucqor$ ghrjmn

{uhabqjhm uoicjmr cq uobhua dh~r$ c iouo 1;/ hl gjrqhujb {uhabqjhm ucqor- Jm lcbq$ ~o

cuo ow{oujombjmn qgo dhmnorq {oujha hl dh~ ghrjmn {uhabqjhm jm {hrq)~cu gjrqhuz- O|om

cr ghioejdaour gc|o uoaboa qgoju jm|omqhuz hl mrhda ghio qh cdd qjio dh~r$ qgo

jm|omqhuz hl mrhda ghior uoicjmr gjng cr qgo djijqoa ghroghda lhuicqjhmr buocqoa ez

c ~oc` fhe icuòq rdh~r qgo cerhu{qjhm hl ghior nhjmn qguhng qgo cnhmjvjmndz rdh~

lhuobdhruo {uhborr- Ceromq c uherq fhe icuòq$ ljurq qjio ezour cuo mcedo qh rc|o

omhng lhu qgo hmbo cncjm uosjrjqo 5;/ ah~m {cziomq-

C dcb` hl bhmljaombo jm qgo obhmhiz bhmqjmor qh {dcno hu ghrjmn icuòqr- Qgjr jr

{cuqjbdcudz quo lhu qgo dorr oabcqoa cma mr`jddoa ~huòur jm hu rhbjoqz- Gjrqhujbcddz$qgo dh~orq)r`jddoa ~huòur cuo gjq qgo gcuaorq aujmn uoborrjhmr$ cma qgjr bzbdo ~cr mh

ajllouomq- Jmqouorqjmndz$ qgo uobh|ouz qh acqo gcr dcunodz eomoljqoa qgo uodcqj|odz r`jddoa jm

hu rhbjoqz$ doc|jmn qgo mr`jddoa qh omauo {uhdhmnoa {oujhar hl moi{dhziomq-

Qguhng S2 5;33$ qgo Mcqjhmcd Crrhbjcqjhm hl Uocdqhur Ghio [ujbo Jmaow aobdjmoa ez 1->/

zocu)h|ou)zocu cma ez 3-1/ scuqou)h|ou)scuqou- ^gjdo qgo aobdjmor cuo mhq mocudz cr eca

cr qgoz ~ouo jm 5;;:$ jq jr bdocu qgcq ghio {ujbor gc|o mhq zoq ncumouoa cmz ihiomqi-

Luhi 3:>; qh 5;3;$ qgo c|oucno cmmcd mieou hl rjmndo)lcijdz cma idqjlcijdz ghio

rqcuqr ~cr mocudz 3-? ijddjhm cma 2??$;;;$ uor{obqj|odz- Jm bhi{cujrhm$ Hbqheou 5;33

um ucqor ~ouo frq 12;$;;; lhu rjmndo)lcijdz cma 372$;;; lhu idqjlcijdz ghio rqcuqr-

Ghroghda Lhuicqjhm

Qgo _R mh dhmnou gcr qhh ibg ghrjmn0 jq gcr qhh lo~ ghroghdar- Hm c bidcqj|o

ecrjr luhi 5;;1 qguhng qgo oma hl 5;;>$ qgo gjrqhujbcd mhui lhu ghroghda lhuicqjhmr

goda quo- Mciodz$ lhu o|ouz 5-57 {oh{do bhijmn jmqh qgo obhmhiz$ c mo~ ghroghda

~cr lhuioa$ ~jqg ocbg mo~ ghroghda bhmrijmn c ghrjmn mjq- Gh~o|ou$ h|ou qgo

bhuro hl qgo uoborrjhm$ qgo gjrqhujbcd icunjmcd ghroghda rjvo hl 5-57 {oh{do uhngdz

quj{doa qh h|ou


9/25

??/ '3-3 ijddjhm* h~mjmn cma 1?/ '7


10/25

aobdjmoa cq c lcrqou ucqo- Cr c uordq$ qgo DUOJ bhmqjmoa qh jmbuocro qguhng S5 5;;:$

eq qgom ljmcddz uo|ouroa cr NA[ rquomnqgomoa- o ow{obq qgo DUOJ qh bhmqjmo qh aobdjmo$

cr qgo uoehma jm NA[ nuh~qg hq{cbor bhiioubjcd ihuqncno domajmn- Gjrqhujbcddz$h{{huqmjrqjb jm|orqiomq {oujhar gc|o hbbuuoa ~gjdo qgo DUOJ jr aobdjmjmn- Qgcq jr$ ~gom

aodo|oucnjmn hbbur jm qgo jmarquz$ cr jm qgo ocudz 3::;r$ ~odd)bc{jqcdjvoa jm|orqhur bcm

eomoljq rjnmjljbcmqdz- Qgjr jr hbbuujmn mh~ cma ~jdd bhmqjmo lhu cmhqgou q~h qh qguoo zocur$

cr qgo obhmhiz nuh~r ihuo sjb`dz qgcm bhiioubjcd ihuqncno aoeq-

Jmarqujcd

Cbbhuajmn qh MBUOJL$ qgo _R jmarqujcd |cbcmbz ucqo '{ujicujdz uo{uoromqjmn jmrqjqqjhmcd)

scdjqz {uh{ouqjor* aobdjmoa luhi 35-1/ jm S3 5;33 qh 35-2/ jm S5 5;33- Jmarqujcd

bhmrqubqjhm {oc`oa jm ocudz 5;;: cq c rocrhmcddz)cafrqoa cmmcd ucqo hl !73-< ejddjhm$

eq {uobj{jqhrdz aobdjmoa ez ?>/ qguhng Fcmcuz 5;33- Cbqj|jqz uo|ouroa bhuro$ ncjmjmn

ecb` 52/ luhi qgo ehqqhi cma rqcmajmn cq cehq !12 ejddjhm cr hl Ro{qoieou 5;33-

Idqjlcijdz

Qgo Bomrr Euocr scuqoudz Ghrjmn \cbcmbz Ru|oz jmajbcqor qgcq qgo _R idqjlcijdz

|cbcmbz ucqo jmbuocroa ez


11/25

rghuq)qoui docror$ qgo idqjlcijdz robqhu ~jdd eo cedo qh eorq bhiecq ujrjmn aoeq bhrqr

rghda qgo obhmhiz ow{oujombo c ro|ouo jmldcqjhmcuz r{j`o-

Qguhng 5;31$ ~o ow{obq cnnuoncqo aoicma nuh~qg qh eo cehq 7?;$;;; mjqr$ ~jqg

mh moq jmbuocro jm r{{dz- Qgr$ qgo buuomq owborr |cbcmbz hl


12/25

eoom caaoa$ hbb{cmbjor cuo jmbuocrjmn cq c rdh~ou {cbo qgcm fhe buocqjhm- Cr

oi{dhziomq nuh~r cma ghrjmn icuòqr ji{uh|o$ ~o ow{obq qh roo ihaorq

ji{uh|oiomqr jm qgo romjhu ghrjmn robqhu- Qgo dh~ou bhuuodcqjhmr cuo c rjnm qgcqji{uh|oiomqr jm qgo robqhu ~jdd dcn fhe nuh~qg-

Bcmcajcm H|ou|jo~

Qgo Bcmcajcm obhmhiz$ doa ez ow{huqr cma c rquhmn bhiihajqz bzbdo$ {oulhuioa ~odd

qguhng 5;33- Cmbghuoa ez c rqcedo ecm jmn robqhu$ qgo Bcmcajcm obhmhiz hq){oulhuioa

ihrq hqgou ao|odh{oa obhmhijor- NA[ nuh~qg aobdjmoa rdjngqdz luhi 5;3; cma jr

ow{obqoa qh eo cehq 5-3/ lhu 5;33- Eq qgo h|oucdd obhmhiz bhmqjmor qh lcbo goca

~jmar nhjmn lhu~cua- Jm {cuqjbdcu$ c ~oc` _R ahddcu gcr auj|om qgo Bcmcajcm ahddcu qh~cuar

{cujqz$ rdh~jmn Bcmcacr qucao ~jqg jqr dcunorq qucajmn {cuqmou- Cma qgo lcdqoujmn uobh|ouz jm

qgo _R ~jdd qoi{ou Bcmcajcm nuh~qg {uhr{obqr lhu 5;35$ mh~ lhuobcrq cq 3-: /-

Qgo Bcmcajcm obhmhiz gcr ncjmoa ecb` cdd qgo fher dhrq aujmn 5;;7 cma 5;;:$ eq qgo

moi{dhziomq ucqo uoicjmr rqeehumdz gjng cq >-3/$ ah~m :; ecrjr {hjmqr luhi 7/ cq

qgo rcio qjio dcrq zocu- Qgouo jr ihaorq oi{dhziomq nuh~qg lhuobcrq lhu 5;35$ eq cdrh

bhmrjaoucedo rdcb` jm qgo obhmhiz- Cr ~o omqou 5;35$ qgo r{{dz)aoicma bgcucbqoujrqjbr

hl qgo uocd orqcqo robqhu c{{ocu ecdcmboa jm ihrq icuòqr cma crroq bdcrror- Djsjajqz

gcr uoqumoa$ cr o|jaomboa ez UOJQr cma hqgou {edjbdz qucaoa uocd orqcqo jm|orqhur gc|jmn

ucjroa rerqcmqjcd cihmqr hl osjqz bc{jqcd jm 5;33- Qgouo jr jmbuocroa jm|orqiomq cma

bhmrqubqjhm cbqj|jqz$ ~gjbg ehaor ~odd lhu c rdh~$ eq rqocaz uobh|ouz bhmqjmjmn qguhng

5;35 cma ihuo uherq nuh~qg jm 5;32-

Qgo h~mourgj{ hl bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo jm Bcmcac$ or{objcddz qgo eorq dhbcqoa{uh{ouqjor$ jr bhmbomqucqoa cihmn {omrjhm lmar$ UOJQr cma dcuno ahiorqjb bhu{hucqo

jm|orqhur- Qgo eorq crroqr uoicjm jm uodcqj|odz rquhmn ljmcmbjcd gcmar ~jqg bhmrou|cqj|o

do|oucno oi{dhzoa- jqg qgo Bcmcajcm ahddcu bdhro qh {cu ~jqg qgo _R$ qgouo jr jmbuocrjmn

jmqouorq ez qgoro jm|orqhur jm _R uocd orqcqo crroqr- Jm caajqjhm$ qgoro {hhdr hl bc{jqcd cuo

dhh`jmn qh Ouh{o cma Crjc qh rcqjrlz qgo aoicma lhu gjng scdjqz uocd orqcqo-

Dcma {ujbor ljuioa qguhnghq 5;33 jm ihrq icuòqr cbuhrr qgo bhmquz- Nomoucddz$ bc{

ucqor cma jmqouorq ucqor uoicjmoa rqcedo qguhng qgo zocu- Qucmrcbqjhm |hdior cuo

bhmrqucjmoa hmdz ez dcb` hl r{{dz hl nhha scdjqz {uhabq-

ôrqoum Uonjhm 'Eujqjrg Bhdiejc$ Cdeouqc$ Rcr`cqbgo~cm cma Icmjqhec*-Qgo ~orqoum

uonjhm hl qgo bhmquz {hrrorror cemacmq mcqucd uorhubor cma jr {oulhuijmn ~odd$ auj|omez uorhubo ow{huqr- H|oucdd qgo Eujqjrg Bhdiejc obhmhiz jr lhuobcrq qh nuh~ ez 5-2/

jm 5;35- Qgo \cmbh|ou hlljbo icuòq gcr c |cbcmbz ucqo hl >/$ eq gcr djqqdo mo~ {uhabq

bhijmn hmdjmo jm 5;35)5;32- [hrjqj|o cerhu{qjhm jr uordqjmn jm jmbuocrjmn moq uomqr- Qgo

\jbqhujc hlljbo icuòq$ ~gjbg jr goc|jdz ao{omaomq hm qgo {uh|jmbjcd nh|oumiomq$ gcr room

jmbuocrjmn |cbcmbjor cr ljrbcd aoljbjqr cuo caauorroa- Eq c uobh|ouz jr o|jaomq-

Jmarqujcd uocd orqcqo jm \cmbh|ou jr rqcedo$ ~jqg cm c|oucno |cbcmbz ucqo hl 1-?/$

mbgcmnoa luhi zocu)oma 5;3;- Jm \jbqhujc$ jmarqujcd |cbcmbz rqcmar cq cehq 5/$ cma

uomqr cuo rqcedo ao qh c dcb` hl mo~ r{{dz- Jm|orqiomq jm bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo jm

Eujqjrg Bhdiejc gcr eoom uorjdjomq$ ~jqg bc{ ucqor hl / jm qgo icfhu uecm bomqour-

Qgo Nuocqou \cmbh|ou jm|orqiomq icuòq gcr mhuicdjvoa cma jr mh~ bgcucbqoujvoa ez

rghuqcnor jm r{{dz hl nhha scdjqz {uhabq-5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bhi


13/25

Cdeouqc jr ghio qh Bcmcacr hjd cma ncr jmarquz$ ~jqg Oaihmqhm cma Bcdncuz rou|jmn

cr qgo q~h icjm erjmorr bomqour- Oaihmqhm$ qgo {uh|jmbjcd bc{jqcd$ eomoljqr luhi jqr

{uhwjijqz qh qgo jmlucrqubquo uodcqoa qh qcu)rcmar ao|odh{iomq- Iocm~gjdo$ Bcdncuz jrghio qh ihrq hl Bcmcacr omounz bhi{cmjor- Cdeouqcr uobh|ouz ~jdd bhmqjmo qh eo

ji{cjuoa ez dh~ mcqucd ncr {ujbor ~gjbg cuo {uhfobqoa qh {ourjrq- Aor{jqo qgjr$ qgo

Cdeouqc obhmhiz gcr uoehmaoa cma jr lhuobcrq qh nuh~ ez 2-:/ jm 5;35- Qgo h|oucdd

lmaciomqcdr hl Cdeouqcr uocd orqcqo icuòq cuo rhdja cma qgo {uhr{obqr lhu 5;35 dhh`

{uhijrjmn$ ~jqg qjngqomjmn |cbcmbz ucqor$ {~cua {uorruo hm uomqcd ucqor cma bhmqjmoa

{hrjqj|o cerhu{qjhm-

Rcr`cqbgo~cm cma Icmjqhec cuo ricddou$ uorhubo cma cnujbdquo ecroa obhmhijor-

Rcr`cqbgo~cm jr qgo {uh|jmbjcd docaou jm obhmhijb nuh~qg cr jqr NA[ jr lhuobcrq qh nuh~

1-2/ jm 5;35- Qgo q~h dcunorq bjqjor cuo Uonjmc cma Rcr`cqhhm$ ~jqg c bhiejmoa

{h{dcqjhm h|ou ?;;$;;;- Qgo moi{dhziomq ucqo jr eodh~ ?/$ cma cr c uordq$ jmarqujcd

icuòq |cbcmbjor uoicjm cq cm cdd)qjio dh~$ ~gjdo uomqcd ucqor bhmqjmo qh ghda { ao qhdjijqoa mo~ bhmrqubqjhm- Jmarqujcd dcma {ujbor uoicjm rqocaz cq !55?$;;; {ou cbuo-

Qgo Uonjmc hlljbo icuòq jr ow{oujombjmn {hrjqj|o cerhu{qjhm$ cma |cbcmbz ucqor uoicjm

owquoiodz dh~ cq 5-;/$ c 3;;)e{ aobuocro luhi qgo rcio qjio dcrq zocu- Mo~ hlljbo

{uhabq qhqcdjmn 5;;$;;; rscuo looq jr ow{obqoa qh bhio hmdjmo jm 5;35-

Ljmcddz$ qgo Rcr`cqbgo~cm jm|orqiomq icuòq uoicjmr rquhmn ~jqg bhmqjmoa jmqouorq luhi

dhbcd jm|orqhur- Bc{ ucqor uoicjm eoq~oom >-?7-;/ lhu ~odd)dhbcqoa$ ~odd)qomcmqoa {uhfobqr-

Ocrqoum Bcmcac 'Hmqcujh$ Soeob cma Cqdcmqjb {uh|jmbor*- Ocrqoum Bcmcac jr qgo

bhmquzr icmlcbqujmn ecro- Ehqg qgo Hmqcujh cma Soeob obhmhijor cuo ow{oujombjmn

gjngou qgcm mhuicd moi{dhziomq 'cq >--2/$ uor{obqj|odz*-

Qhuhmqh jr Bcmcacr dcunorq bjqz cma jqr ljmcmbjcd cma icmlcbqujmn bomqou- Qgo ruuhmajmn

cuoc jm rhqg~orq Hmqcujh jr ghio qh Bcmcacr cqh icmlcbqujmn robqhu- Nuocqou Qhuhmqh

jr c idqj)bdqucd ionc)bjqz ~jqg ?-< ijddjhm uorjaomqr cma c euhca obhmhijb ecro-

Qgo Qhuhmqh hlljbo icuòq gcr eoom gocdqgz cma cbqj|o$ cerhuejmn h|ou ? ijddjhm rscuo looq

hl hlljbo {uhabq jm 5;33$ bhi{cuoa qh 2 ijddjhm rscuo looq jm 5;3;- Qgo |cbcmbz ucqo jm

ah~mqh~m Qhuhmqh jr ?-?/$ c 5;;)e{ zocu)h|ou)zocu aobdjmo- Ihrq reuecm icuòqr mh~

gc|o gjng rjmndo)ajnjq |cbcmbz- Ihuo mo~ hlljbo {uhabq jr ow{obqoa qh bhio hmdjmo jm 5;35-

Qhuhmqhr jmarqujcd icuòq gcr mhq icao c ldd uobh|ouz cma rgcah~ |cbcmbz cehmar-

Qgouo jr djqqdo mo~ r{{dz bhijmn qh icuòq$ rh ~o ow{obq uomqcd ucqor ~jdd ljui { cma

|cbcmbz ucqor ~jdd aobdjmo jm 5;35- Buuomq |cbcmbz ucqo jr cehq -:/$ c 31;)e{ aobuocro h|ou qgo rcio qjio dcrq

zocu- Rjijdcudz$ qgo jmarqujcd |cbcmbz ucqo hl >/ jr cdrh ow{obqoa qh aobdjmo aujmn qgo

bhijmn zocu$ cr erjmorr bhmljaombo ji{uh|or uordqjmn jm qomcmq ow{cmrjhmr-

Djò icmz bomqour hl nh|oumiomq$ Hqqc~c uoicjmr c rqocaz icuòq o|om jm qgoro qhng

obhmhijb qjior- Qgo loaoucd nh|oumiomq gcr hmnhjmn r{cbo mooar cma bhmqjmor qh

uoluejrg cma uoao|odh{ jqr {uh{ouqjor-

Gcdjlcw jr qgo bc{jqcd bjqz hl Mh|c Rbhqjc cma qgo obhmhijb bomqou lhu Bcmcacr Cqdcmqjb

{uh|jmbor- Qgo Gcdjlcw rgj{zcua frq uoboj|oa c !5? ejddjhm ijdjqcuz bhmqucbq$ ~gjbg ~jdd nomoucqo

qghrcmar hl fher cma cmbghu qgo obhmhijb ao|odh{iomq lhu qgo uonjhm lhu zocur qh bhio-5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bhi


14/25

H|oucdd$ qgo Bcmcajcm obhmhiz jr {uh|jmn uorjdjomq jm c bgcddomnjmn cma |hdcqjdo ndhecd

om|juhmiomq$ ic`jmn Bcmcajcm bjqjor c cqqucbqj|o {dcbo qh ah erjmorr hu jm|orq jm qgo

bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo robqhu-

Ouh{ocm H|ou|jo~Qgo Ouh{ocm obhmhijor$ {cuqjbdcudz qghro jm qgo ouhvhmo$ bhmqjmo qh lcbo muorhd|oa

{uhedoir uodcqjmn qh qgo aoeq bujrjr cma qgo jiecdcmbo eoq~oom mcqjhmcd obhmhijor- Cr

qgo zocu {uhnuorroa$ qgo ouhvhmo rqiedoa luhi bujrjr qh bujrjr6 {uhr{obqr hl aolcdq ez

qgo Nuoo` nh|oumiomq$ dqjicqodz uordqjmn jm qgo c{{hjmqiomq hl c bhcdjqjhm nh|oumiomq0

sjb`dz lhddh~oa ez qgo cmmhmboa uorjnmcqjhm hl qgo Jqcdjcm [ujio Ijmjrqou cma c ihuo

ro|ouo {cb`cno hl crqoujqz iocruor- Bhmboum bhmqjmor ~jqg uor{obq qh qgo maoudzjmn

rqcejdjqz hl qgo obhmhijor hl [huqncd$ Jqcdz$ Juodcma$ Nuoobo cma R{cjm '[JJNR*- Qguhng

Mh|oieou$ qgo dcqorq Nucma [dcm {uhaboa ez qgo ouhvhmo docaour gcr eoom bujqjbjvoa

ez qgo _R Quocruz cma qgo Jmqoumcqjhmcd Ihmoqcuz Lma 'JIL* cma jr jmcaoscqo qh rhd|o

qgo aoeq bujrjr- Qgouo jr c ~jaor{uoca loodjmn qgcq qgo {hdjqjbjcmr rhdqjhmr cuo qhh djqqdo$

qhh dcqo- Qgo djijqoa crqoujqz iocruor jmquhaboa qh acqo gc|o doa qh bj|jd muorq jm

ro|oucd Ouh{ocm bhmqujor$ cma Ouh{or {hdjqjbjcmr cuo mou|hr qgcq qgo moborrcuz

iocruor ~jdd mhq ncumou odobqhucd r{{huq- Qgo nomoucd mbouqcjmqz gcr doa qh rjnmjljbcmq

osjqz icu`oq |hdcqjdjqz jm Ouh{o- Qgouo jr bhmqjmoa r{obdcqjhm qgcq qgo ouhvhmo bhda

euoc` { ~jqg qgo cqqomacmq bgchr ~gjbg ~hda omro-

Obhmhijb lhuobcrqjmn cncjmrq qgjr ecb`nuhma jr bgcddomnjmn cq eorq- Qgo Obhmhijrqr {hdd

hl lhuobcrqour buuomqdz rgh~r nuh~qg hl 3-


15/25

Hlljbo

Qgo rh|ouojnm aoeq bujrjr cma qgo uordqcmq mbouqcjmqz jm qgo jm|orqiomq icuòqr$ bh{doa~jqg qgo rgcu{ ajrqjmbqjhm eoq~oom {ujio cma robhmacuz {uh{ouqz$ cuo uoldobqoa jm

Ouh{or hlljbo hbb{cqjhmcd icuòqr- Mhq ru{ujrjmndz$ Ouh{or hlljbo qomcmqr cuo

uodbqcmq qh bhiijq qh mo~ r{cbo cq c qjio hl rbg quedombo- Qcò){ jm qgo ljurq gcdl

hl 5;33 ~cr rdjngqdz 'c{{uhwjicqodz ?/* dh~ou qgcm jm qgo rcio {oujha jm 5;3; cma 3;/

dh~ou qgcm jm qgo robhma gcdl hl 5;3;- Qghro aocdr ~gjbg gc|o hbbuuoa ~ouo lhu gjngou

scdjqz '~odd dhbcqoa$ ~odd r{objljoa* rqhb` ~gjbg$ ao qh |ouz uorqujbqoa mo~ ao|odh{iomq$

iocmjmn qgcq qgo scdjqz cma dhbcqjhm hl |cbcmq r{cbo jr jmbuocrjmndz robhmacuz-

Uomqr cuo nomoucddz ojqgou rqcqjb hu lcddjmn- Dhmahm cma [cujr bhmqjmo qh eo ihrq {h{dcu

~jqg jm|orqhur ao qh rquhmn qomcmq aoicma$ dh~ |cbcmbz ucqor cma gjng jm|orqiomq

djsjajqz- Hqrjao hl qgoro òz cuocr$ aoicma jm Nouicmz$ {cuqjbdcudz jm Gcieun cma

Lucm`luq$ uoicjmoa rquhmn- Hqgou~jro lo~ Ouh{ocm bjqjor cuo roojmn rjnmjljbcmqao|odh{iomq rqcuqr djòdz reajmn qgo r{{dz hl mo~ cbbhiihacqjhm lhu qgo mowq q~h

qh qguoo zocur- Qgo rghuqcno hl ao|odh{iomq ljmcmbo ~jdd owcbouecqo qgjr quoma- Owbo{qjhmr

qh qgo udo jmbdao Ihrbh~ cma Hrdh$ ~gjbg gc|o room uomqcd jmbuocror ~gjdo uomqr jm

Cqgomr$ Aedjm cma Icauja gc|o bhmqjmoa qh lcdd- Qomcmqr cuo nomoucddz h{qjmn qh

monhqjcqo ~jqg owjrqjmn dcmadhuar ucqgou qgcm jmbu qgo bhrqr hl ih|jmn- Qgo bhmqjmoa

mbouqcjmqjor h|ougcmnjmn qgo icuòqr$ bh{doa ~jqg locur hl c ahedo)aj{ uoborrjhm$ ~jdd

doca qh ow{cmrjhm {dcmr eojmn {q hm ghda mqjd rhio bdcujqz oiounor-

Jmarqujcd

^gjdo docrjmn cbqj|jqz jm qgo jmarqujcd icuòq {jbòa { aujmn 5;3;$ qgo h|oucdd Ouh{ocm

qcò){ jm qgo ljurq scuqou hl 5;33 ~cr ah~m 52/ bhi{cuoa qh qgo lhuqg scuqou hl5;3;- Qcò){ ji{uh|oa cr qgo zocu {uhnuorroa qghng icuòq bhmajqjhmr uoicjm

bgcddomnjmn- Qgo obhmhijb bdjicqo gcr doa qh icuòadz uoaboa ao|odh{iomq cbqj|jqz

~gjbg$ jm qum$ jr docajmn qh c uodcqj|o rghuqcno hl mo~ hu ihaoum ~cuoghro r{cbo cbuhrr

Ouh{o- \cbcmbz ucqor jm S3 5;33 ~ouo nomoucddz dh~ou- Jm qghro dhbcqjhmr ~gouo |cbcmbz

ucqor uoicjm gjng$ qgouo jr nomoucddz cm h|our{{dz hl robhmacuz {uh{ouqz- Icfhu

jmqoumcqjhmcd ao|odh{our uoicjm bcqjhr ~jqg lo~ r{obdcqj|o rqcuqr$ qghng ao|odh{iomq

cbqj|jqz gcr uorioa jm dhbcqjhmr ~gouo c ljui bhiijqiomq luhi cm hbb{jou gcr eoom

robuoa- Qgo quoma lhu hbb{jour$ ao|odh{our cma jm|orqhur qh lhbr qgoju cbqj|jqjor hm

qgo orqcedjrgoa cma ihuo qucajqjhmcd ajrqujeqjhm dhbcqjhmr qgcq gc|o owboddomq bhmmobqj|jqz

cma nhha cbborr qh dcehu gcr bhmqjmoa- Aor{jqo qgo uoborrjhm aoicma luhi uoqcjdour$

lhha uoqcjdour cma jmqoumoq erjmorr r{{djour bhmqjmo qh ahijmcqo qgo icuòq-

Uoqcjd

Qgo dcqorq 'Fdz(Cnrq* uoqcjd rcdor ljnuor luhi Qgo Obhmhijrq rgh~ uoqcjd rcdor jm qgo

ouhvhmo ah~m 3/ luhi qgo rcio {oujha dcrq zocu- Qgouo cuo rhio |cujcqjhmr ~jqgjm qgjr

c|oucno o-n- Nuoobo cma R{cjm cq )1-2/ cma )1-


16/25

ecmù{q- Dcuno uoqcjdour bhmqjmo qh bdhro rjnmjljbcmq mieour hl rqhuor mcqjhm~jao ao

qh buuomq cma lhuobcrqoa bhmriou romqjiomq-

Crjc [cbjljb H|ou|jo~Crjc [cbjljb jm|orqiomq icuòqr gc|o mhq eoom jiimo qh qgo ndhecd |hdcqjdjqz$ ihrq

uobomqdz ~jqg qgo ouhvhmo aoeq bujrjr- Jm qgo Crjc [cbjljb uonjhm$ Ghmn @hmn$ Rjmnc{huo$

Fc{cm$ cma Crqucdjc cdd rc~ qucmrcbqjhmr rdh~ jm S2 5;33$ cdqghng Bgjmcr |hdio lhu

ehqg bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz cma dcma bhmqjmoa qh jmbuocro$ eq cq c lcu rdh~ou {cbo-

Qgouo gc|o eoom rhio icfhu nh|oumiomqcd jmqou|omqjhmr qguhng qjngqou {uh{ouqz

uondcqjhmr h|ou qgo dcrq 35 ihmqgr jm {dcbor djò Rjmnc{huo$ Ghmn @hmn cma Bgjmc- Qgoro

uondcqjhmr gc|o {ujicujdz eoom ajuobqoa qh bhmquhd r{jucdjmn uorjaomqjcd |cdor cma uoabo

r{obdcqjhm- Rbg {hdjbjor jmbdao uorqujbqjhmr hm qgo mieou hl {uh{ouqjor hmo lcijdz bcmh~m jm hmo bjqz$ dcunou ah~m {cziomq uosjuoiomqr$ gjngou rqci{ aqz 'qcw* hm qgo roddou

jl qgo {uh{ouqz jr qucaoa ~jqgjm qguoo qh lj|o zocur hl cbsjrjqjhm$ cr ~odd cr qgo jmquhabqjhm

hl cmmcd {uh{ouqz qcwor- Cr c uordq$ qgouo gcr eoom rhio bhhdjmn hm qgo qucmrcbqjhmcd

|hdior hl uorjaomqjcd {uh{ouqjor jm cdd qguoo icuòqr- Cmobahqcddz$ qgouo jr rhio o|jaombo

hl uorjaomqjcd {ujbor eonjmmjmn qh auh{ jm Bgjmc cma qgouo gc|o eoom ro|oucd bcror hl ocudz

ezour {uhqorqjmn ao|odh{ou {ujbo ajrbhmqr qh mo~ou ezour- Ghmn @hmn jr eonjmmjmn qh

roo rhio rhlqomjmn jm uorjaomqjcd |cdor$ cdeojq clqou qgo dcrq q~h zocur hl icfhu ujror jm

|cdo$ cma Rjmnc{huo gcr eoom cedo qh ecrjbcddz ghda |cdor qh acqo- Mhmo hl qgoro

nh|oumiomq uondcqjhmr gc|o eoom ajuobqoa qh~cua qgo bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz robqhu$ ~gjbg

jm icuòqr djò Bgjmc$ gcr uorjaomqjcd ao|odh{our ih|jmn jmqh bhiioubjcd ao|odh{iomq-

Crjao luhi uorjaomqjcd cma bhiioubjcd icuòqr$ òz ghqod icuòqr jm Crjc gc|o roomowboddomq nuh~qg- Eorq {oulhuijmn icuòqr jm Crjc$ ~gjbg cuo {uhfobqoa qh cbgjo|o ahedo

ajnjq nuh~qg jm Uo|[CU lhu 5;33$ jmbdao Rjmnc{huo$ Eojfjmn cma Ghmn @hmn ~jqg

bhmqjmoa eq rdh~ou nuh~qg jm 5;35-

Rjmnc{huo gcr room rhio hl qgo gjngorq do|odr hl r{{dz nuh~qg jm qgo uonjhm ~jqg c dhq ihuo

jm qgo {j{odjmo- Eojfjmn jr lhuobcrqoa qh gc|o qgo gjngorq do|od hl aoicma nuh~qg jm 5;33$

~gouocr Ghmn @hmn jr ow{obqoa qh ljmjrg qgo zocu ~jqg qgo gjngorq do|od hl CAU nuh~qg- Qgo

cejdjqz qh noq aoeq ljmcmbjmn lhu mo~ ghqod bhmrqubqjhm jr eobhijmn ihuo ajlljbdq jm Bgjmc-

Hlljbo

Cr qgo ouhvhmo rh|ouojnm aoeq bujrjr gcr o|hd|oa$ uc{ja uomqcd ucqo jmbuocror gc|obocroa jm Rjmnc{huo cma Ghmn @hmn cma cuo mh~ jm c ah~m~cua ihao$ ~jqg qgoro

icuòqr gc|jmn bdocudz {ocòa-

Qh`zh$ @cdc Di{u$ Rohd$ Gh Bgj Ijmg Bjqz cma Qcj{oj cuo cq hu c{{uhcbgjmn qgo

ehqqhi hl aobdjmjmn uomq {gcror cma ~jdd rqcuq qh roo gjngou ucqor- Fc`cuqc$ Icmjdc$

Rgcmngcj cma Eojfjmn gc|o cduocaz room gocdqgz uomqcd jmbuocror eq cuo lhuobcrq qh roo

rdh~ou nuh~qg jm 5;35-

Uoqcjd

Qgouo cuo ocudz rjnmr hl uomqcd nuh~qg jm Rjmnc{huo cma Ghmn @hmn- Qh`zh$ Fc`cuqc cma

Rgcmngcj gc|o uocbgoa qgo ehqqhi cma rghda rqcuq qh roo rquhmnou$ ujrjmn uomqr- Icmjdc$



17/25

@cdc Di{u cma Eojfjmn uoqcjd uomqr gc|o cduocaz room uoaboa nuh~qg jm uobomq

scuqour$ cma ~o ow{obq luqgou rdh~jmn-

Jmarqujcd

Uomqcd ucqor jm Rjmnc{huo cma Ghmn @hmn c{{ocu qh gc|o {ocòa$ ~jqg c rhlqomjmn hl ucqor

lhuobcrq lhu 5;35- Jm bhmqucrq$ Qh`zh jmarqujcd ucqor cuo bdhro qh qgo ehqqhi ~jqg rhio

jmbuocror cmqjbj{cqoa h|ou qgo bhijmn scuqour- Eojfjmn cma Rgcmngcj gc|o cbgjo|oa rhio

nhha uomqcd nuh~qg cma ~jdd djòdz roo nuh~qg {uhfobqjhm rbcdo ecb` jm qgo bhijmn {oujha-

Jm|orqiomq

^gjdo qgo Cioujbcr cma Ouh{o rqjdd gc|o gjngou cmmcd qucmrcbqjhm |hdior lhu

bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz rcdor ceh|o _R !3; ijddjhm$ qgouo jr c ujrjmn quoma jm bhiioubjcd

{uh{ouqz qucmrcbqjhm |hdior jm Crjc cma c rdoo{jmn njcmq 'dcma rcdo qucmrcbqjhmr* qgcq jr

mhq uoldobqoa jm bhiioubjcd ejdajmn rcdor ljnuor-

Qgo bgcuq ceh|o ajr{dczr qucmrcbqjhm |hdior jm uobomq zocur- Qgo gjng dcma qucmrcbqjhm

|hdior jm Crjc uoldobq qgo gjng bhrq hl dcma jm icfhu$ ao|odh{oa$ uecm bomqour jm Crjc cr

~odd cr qgo dcma rcdo cbqj|jqz qh iooq qgo uecmjvcqjhm hl {h{dcqjhmr cma qgo uordqjmn gno

aoicma lhu mo~ uocd orqcqo ao|odh{iomqr jm nuh~jmn$ ao|odh{jmn bhmqujor djò Bgjmc-

Jm caajqjhm$ Crjc nucer 32 hl qgo qh{ 5; r{hqr lhu qgo ihrq cbqj|o ndhecd {uh{ouqz icuòqr

jm qgo dcrq 35 ihmqgr 'cr hl Mh|oieou 5;33*-

Icfhu Quomar jm Bgjmc

Bgjmc mh~ gcr qgo gjngorq cmmcd NA[ nuh~qg ucqo hl cmz icfhu ndhecd obhmhiz ':-3/*$

qgo dcunorq lhuojnm buuombz uorou|or jm qgo ~huda '_R !2-5 qujddjhm*$ qgo robhma dcunorq

obhmhiz jm qgo ~huda 'cdihrq _R !> qujddjhm*$ qgo dcunorq rqcmajmn ijdjqcuz jm qgo ~huda'5-5? ijddjhm*$ qgo dcunorq {h{dcqjhm jm qgo ~huda 'cdihrq 3-21 ejddjhm* cma ~cr qgo ~jmmou

hl qgo ihrq nhda ioacdr jm qgo 5;;7 Hdzi{jbr '?3 nhda ioacdr*-

Ouh{ocm ljmcmbjcd ijmjrqour irq mh~ `h~qh~ qh Bgjmc lhu Bgjmoro ljmcmbjcd r{{huq qh

jm|orq jm qgo 3 qujddjhm Ouh{ocm Ljmcmbjcd Rqcejdjqz Lma 'OLRL* ehma lma$ mooaoa qh

uorbo Nuoobo cma qgo ouhvhmo- _R Quocruz Robuoqcuz Qjihqgz Nojqgmou quc|odoa qh

Bgjmc qh ombhucno qgo Bgjmoro nh|oumiomq qh {ubgcro _R aoeq- Jq jr ajlljbdq qh ijrr

gh~ aucicqjbcddz qgo ndhecd obhmhijb bcuar gc|o qumoa jm lc|hu hl qgo Bgjmoro jm qgo

dcrq lo~ zocur-

Qgo Bgjmoro obhmhiz jr {uoajbqoa qh nuh~ 7-?/ jm 5;35$ qgo rdh~orq nuh~qg ucqo jm c

aobcao- Qgo ~hudar robhma ejnnorq obhmhiz jr bhhdjmn cr ~oc`morr jm ao|odh{oa5;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bhi

Cdd [uh{ouqz Qz{or ) Ndhecddz

Icuòq \hdio 'jm !ijd* Bc{ U

MZB Ioquh 2:$: : ?-7

Eojfjmn 23$2:>

Rgcmngcj 5?$?57

Qh`zh 51$;

Rjmnc{huo 55$? ! ?>$5?1$3>?$$155$55; ! 3$71


18/25

mcqjhmr rhlqomr ow{huqr$ qgo {uh{ouqz icuòq bhhdr cma ricddou erjmorror ow{oujombo c

buoajq rsoovo- _muorq jm qgo ouhvhmo r{oddr quhedo lhu Bgjmc$ cr Ouh{o jr mh~ Bgjmcr

dcunorq h|ourocr ow{huq icuòq-

Qgo Jmajcm RebhmqjmomqQgo ndhecd obhmhijb quihjd gcr gca c uj{{do ollobq hm qgo Jmajcm bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz

icuòq jm qgo {crq zocu- Qgo bhiioubjcd hlljbo icuòqr jm Jmajc gc|o rgh~m ijwoa quomar-

H|oucdd$ uomqcd cma bc{jqcd |cdor gc|o eoom rqcnmcmq ~jqg c ah~m~cua ejcr- Bgommcj

uoicjmr cm owbo{qjhm$ ~gouo hlljbo uomqr lhu Bdcrr C ejdajmnr gc|o rgh~m cm {~cua

quoma-

Qgo oi{dhziomq icuòq jm Jmajc gcr {jbòa { lhu qgo JQ(JQoR robqhu$ {gcuicboqjbcdr$

uoqcjd cma ghr{jqcdjqz robqhur$ ~gouocr robqhur rbg cr uocd orqcqo$ jmlucrqubquo$icmlcbqujmn$ omnjmooujmn oqb- uoicjm reaoa lhu 5;335;35-

^jqg jmldcqjhm buuomqdz gh|oujmn ceh|o 35/$ o|ou nuh~jmn lod {ujbor cma gjng domajmn

ucqor$ qgo nomoucd romqjiomq lhu ehqg uocd orqcqo jm|orqhur cma bhu{hucqjhmr jr moncqj|o-

Ecm` ao{hrjq ucqor ~ouo cq cm cdd qjio gjng hl 3;/+$ ajrbhucnjmn uocd orqcqo jm|orqhur-

Hlljbo

Qgo hlljbo icuòq jm Iiecj gcr ~jqmorroa h|our{{dz- Qgjr$ bh{doa ~jqg dh~ou aoicma

luhi bhu{hucqjhmr cbuhrr cdd robqhur$ gcr moncqj|odz ji{cbqoa uomqcd |cdor- Uomqcd |cdor

gc|o aj{{oa jm Cmagouj REA ez cehq 3?)5;/ cr bhi{cuoa qh 5;;:)5;3;$ ~gjdo bc{jqcd

|cdor cuo rqcedo- Qgjr gcr uordqoa jm dh~ou zjodar- Jm bouqcjm {hbòqr$ rbg cr Nhuonchm

REA cma Qgcmo REA$ ehqg uomqcd |cdor cma bc{jqcd |cdor gc|o ujrom ez cehq 3;)3?/-

Qgo [mo hlljbo icuòq uoicjmr cbqj|o ao qh ow{cmrjhmr ez JQ bhi{cmjor- Uomqcd |cdor

gc|o uoicjmoa rqcedo$ cr gc|o bc{jqcd |cdor$ ollobqj|odz hlloujmn rqcedo zjodar lhu jm|orqhur-

[mo uoicjmr hmo hl qgo {uolouuoa h{qjhmr lhu JQ bhi{cmjor ao qh qgo c|cjdcejdjqz hl c

nhha qcdomq {hhd cma ji{uh|jmn jmlucrqubquo- Jm r{jqo hl luorg r{{dz gjqqjmn qgo icuòq$

qgouo gcr eoom c auh{ jm |cbcmbz ucqor bhi{cuoa qh zocu)oma 5;3;-

Bgommcj gcr oiounoa cr c {uolouuoa dhbcqjhm lhu JQ cma icmlcbqujmn bhi{cmjor ao

qh jqr {hdjqjbcd rqcejdjqz$ cqqucbqj|o uomqcd |cdor cma c|cjdcejdjqz hl nhha jmlucrqubquo-

Bgommcj Bdcrr C uomqcd |cdor cuo qgo bgoc{orq hl cdd qgo icfhu bjqjor-

Qgo Gzaouceca icuòq bhmqjmor qh roo ~oc` aoicma ao qh qgo hmnhjmn {hdjqjbcd

quihjd$ bh{doa ~jqg h|our{{dz cma qgo ndhecd obhmhijb mbouqcjmqz- Uomqcd cma bc{jqcd

|cdor gc|o uoicjmoa rqcnmcmq owbo{q lhu uoqcjd 'ehqg Gjng Rquooq cma icddr*$ ~gouo qgo

uomqcd |cdor gc|o jmbuocroa ez cehq 3;)3?/ zocu)h|ou)zocu-

@hd`cqc gcr ow{oujomboa ~ocòu aoicma cr jqr reuecm hlljbo icuòq jm|omqhuz gcr

jmbuocroa rerqcmqjcddz$ auj|jmn { |cbcmbz do|odr cma ghdajmn uomqcd cma bc{jqcd |cdor jm

bgob`- Gh~o|ou$ qgouo gcr eoom rjnmjljbcmq r{obdcqj|o hlljbo r{cbo jm|orqiomq

qucmrcbqjhmr bhmbdaoa jm qgo {crq zocu- Qgoro jm|orqiomqr gc|o eoom ahmo jm qgo gh{o

qgcq aoicma ~jdd runo ~jqg qgo {crrcno hl qjio cma ji{uh|oa {hdjqjbcd rqcejdjqz- Qgo rqcqo

{hdjbz jmjqjcqj|or {uhihqjmn jmarquz cma jm|orqiomqr cuo ow{obqoa qh eo uhddoa hq rhhm-

Bgcmajncug '[mfce* jr ~jqmorrjmn rquhmn aoicma luhi JQ(E[H bhi{cmjor ao qh qgo



19/25

uherq qodobhi jmlucrqubquo cma c|cjdcejdjqz hl r`jddoa dcehu- R{{dz uoicjmr dh~ jm qgo

ioaji qoui ao qh qgo do|jor jmquhaboa ez qgo rqcqo nh|oumiomq hm mo~

ao|odh{iomqr- Qgjr gcr doa qh cm jmbuocro jm uomqcd ucqor$ cma gcr jmbuocroa qgo bc{jqcd|cdor ez cehq 35)3?/- Jmarqujcd uomqcd ucqor jm Bgcmajncug cuo jmbuocrjmn ao qh rquhmn

aoicma luhi icmlcbqujmn cma dhnjrqjbr bhi{cmjor-

Qgo 5;35 ow{obqcqjhm cbuhrr qgo clhuoiomqjhmoa bjqjor jr qgcq Bdcrr C uomqcd ucqor ~jdd

uoicjm iqoa$ or{objcddz jm Iiecj cma Gzaouceca$ ao qh dcuno jm|omqhuz cma uodcqj|odz

~oc` aoicma- Bdcrr C uomqr jm [mo cma Bgommcj ~jdd ujro icunjmcddz- @hd`cqc gcr mh

uocd aoicma nuh~qg cma hmdz r{obdcqj|o ezjmn- @hd`cqc hlljbo icuòq uomq |cdor ~jdd

ojqgou uoicjm rqcedo hu icz auh{ rdjngqdz jm qgo mocu qh ioaji qoui-

Uoqcjd cma Jmarqujcd

Rjmbo qgo eonjmmjmn hl 5;33$ qgo uoqcjd robqhu ajr{dczoa rqcedo qh {~cua ih|oiomq hluomqr cbuhrr qgo clhuoiomqjhmoa bjqjor$ dcunodz ao qh qgo djijqoa r{{dz hl scdjqz uoqcjd

r{cbor- Qgo jmarqujcd robqhu owgjejqoa cm {~cua uomqcd cma bc{jqcd |cdo quoma jm

Bgcmajncug$ [mo cma @hd`cqc hm qgo ecb` hl uherq aoicma- Jm hqgou bjqjor$ qgouo jr c

ah~m~cua quoma lhu 5;35- Qgo uoqcjd cma jmarqujcd robqhur cuo ow{obqoa qh gc|o rjijdcu

quomar jm 5;35 cr qgoz gca jm 5;33- Qgo owbo{qjhm ~jdd eo lhu Bgommcj$ ~gouo {dcmq

cmmhmboiomqr nj|o c ljddj{ qh qgo rdnnjrg aoicma {rgjmn { qgo jmarqujcd dcma cma

~cuoghro uomqr cma bc{jqcd |cdor-

Crqucdjc cma Mo~ Vocdcma

Crqucdjc- Obhmhijb mbouqcjmqz jm Crqucdjc cma Mo~ Vocdcma gcr moncqj|odz ji{cbqoaicuòq bhmljaombo jm qgo {uh{ouqz robqhu- Qgo hlljbo robqhu uoicjmr qgo rquhmnorq

{oulhuijmn bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz robqhu cdhmn ~jqg ghqodr- ôrqoum Crqucdjc '^C* jr

buuomqdz qgo eorq {oulhuijmn hl qgo Crqucdjcm hlljbo {uh{ouqz icuòqr jm qgo bhmquz$ ~jqg

Mo~ Rhqg ^cdor ow{obqoa qh cdrh {oulhui ~odd-

[ujbjmn ow{obqcqjhmr lhu hlljbo {uh{ouqjor gc|o eoom rbcdoa ecb` jm cdd rqcqor$ ~jqg \jbqhujc

cma Mo~ Rhqg cdor icjmqcjmjmn qgo rquhmnorq hqdhh`- Bgjmoro jm|orqhur bhmqjmo qh

eo cbqj|o ezour jm qgo hlljbo robqhu-

^jqg uomqcd ucqor quomajmn ah~m~cua$ dcmadhua bhmborrjhmr cuo ejsjqhr jm cdd hlljbo

icuòqr$ owbo{q ^C- Qgo mcqjhmcd |cbcmbz ucqo lodd rdjngqdz jm Ro{qoieou 5;33 cma ~jdd

bhmqjmo qh ah rh mqjd icuòq lmaciomqcdr bhio jmqh ecdcmbo- ^gjdo fhe {hrqjmnr cuo

cq c 35)ihmqg dh~$ oi{dhziomq uoicjmr rquhmn$ {cuqjbdcudz lhu ~gjqo bhddcu fher- Jm qgo

uoqcjd robqhu$ uomqr cuo lcddjmn cma docro bhmborrjhmr cuo hm qgo ujro- \cbcmbz ucqor cuo

dh~$ aor{jqo uobomq jmbuocror- ôc` {uh{ouqz lmaciomqcdr cuo ow{obqoa qh {ourjrq h|ou

qgo mowq 35 ihmqgr$ {cuqjbdcudz jm MR^-

Qgo rquhmn Crqucdjcm ahddcu gcr moncqj|odz ji{cbqoa qgo jmarqujcd cma icmlcbqujmn

robqhu- Hmo mhqcedo jmarqujcd rcdo jm Rzamoz uobomqdz uoldobqoa c 55/ {ujbo aobdjmo$

bhi{cuoa qh ~gcq jq qucaoa lhu jm ija)5;;>- Bhmajqjhmr jm qgo jmarqujcd {uh{ouqz icuòq

cuo lhuobcrqoa qh ehqqhi jm 5;33$ ~jqg qgo nuocqorq uobh|ouz ow{obqcqjhmr jm ^C cma

\jbqhujc-



20/25

Mo~ Vocdcma-Cb`dcma bhmqjmor qh qgo eo qgo rquhmnorq hl qgo hlljbo icuòqr$ ~jqg

|cbcmbz ucqor eodh~ ?/ lhu {ujio r{cbo$ djijqoa mo~ r{{dz$ cma rqcedo |cdor-

Lmaciomqcdr cuo ow{obqoa qh ~ocòm jm ôddjmnqhm$ cr mo~ r{{dz jr mocujmnbhi{doqjhm jm qgo lcbo hl djijqoa aoicma- Jm bhmqucrq$ {dcmr qh uoejda qgo Bgujrqbgubg

BEA cuo {uhnuorrjmn$ ~jqg ehqg jm|orqhur cma qomcmqr cuo rgh~jmn jmqouorq jm qgo icuòq-

Bhmajqjhmr jm qgo uoqcjd {uh{ouqz icuòq aoqoujhucqoa jm Ro{qoieou$ ~jqg obhmhijb

mbouqcjmqz bcrjmn bhmriour qh rbcdo ecb` ajrbuoqjhmcuz r{omajmn- Uoqcjd icuòqr cuo

ow{obqoa qh eo moncqj|o qguhng ibg hl 5;35$ eolhuo ujrjmn ihaorqdz jm 5;32-

Qgo jmarqujcd robqhu jr ow{oujombjmn rjijdcudz dh~ |cbcmbz ucqor jm Cb`dcma$ rrqcjmoa

ez rjnmjljbcmq {uo)docrjmn cma ejda)qh)rjq {uhfobqr- Cr c uordq$ |cdo ow{obqcqjhmr uoicjm

rqcedo lhu 5;35- Jm ôddjmnqhm$ jmarqujcd {uh{ouqz bhmqjmor qh eo qgo eorq {oulhuijmn

crroq bdcrr$ r{{huqoa ez rquhmnou qgcm ow{obqoa icmlcbqujmn hq{q-

Dcqjm Cioujbc cma qgo Bcujeeocm H|ou|jo~

Qgo uonjhm bhmqjmoa qh nuh~ cma ow{cma qguhnghq 5;33$ aor{jqo qgo rdnnjrg _R

uobh|ouz cma quihjd jm qgo ouhvhmo- Qgo jmjqjcd Dcqjm Cioujbcm nuh~qg orqjicqo lhu 5;33

~cr cehq ?/- Gh~o|ou$ ao qh qgo _R cma qgo Ouh{ocm obhmhijb {uhedoir$ jq ~cr

cafrqoa ah~m qh 1-2/ ez ija)zocu- O|om rh$ qgo uonjhmr docaour cdd uo{huqoa gocdqgz

nuh~qg ljnuor cma uocd orqcqo icuòqr nuo~ mcecqoa-

Cq qgo hqroq hl 5;33$ qgouo ~cr locu qgcq rquhmn nuh~qg jm qgo uonjhm ~hda doca qh

obhmhijb h|ougocqjmn$ jmbuocroa jmldcqjhm cma rerosomqdz gjngou uocd orqcqo |cdor-

Ihrq djòdz ao qh qgo rdh~ uobh|ouz jm qgo _R cma obhmhijb bhmnorqjhm jm Ouh{o$

qgoro locur aja mhq icqoujcdjvo- Jm lcbq$ o|om qgo {uobj{jqhr bdjie jm Eucvjdjcm uocd orqcqo|cdor h|ou qgo dcrq qguoo zocur rdh~oa bhmrjaoucedz- Qgo uonjhm eomoljqqoa luhi c

rjnmjljbcmq jmbuocro jm {uh{ouqz jm|orqiomq ez ahiorqjb lmar$ ~gjbg gca {uo|jhrdz eoom

ao{dhzjmn bc{jqcd h|ourocr-

Cdqghng qgo Dcqjm Cioujbcm bhmqujor nuo~ jm 5;33$ nuh~qg jm qgo Bcujeeocm uonjhm ~cr

ijwoa- Bec$ Cmnjdc$ Bucch cma qgo Bczicm Jrdcmar ow{oujomboa c rquhmn qhujri

uobh|ouz ~jqg bdhro qh ahedo ajnjq nuh~qg ucqor$ ~gjdo icmz hqgou jrdcma bhmqujor

ow{oujomboa vouh hu moncqj|o nuh~qg- Qgo uonjhm lcjdoa qh owbooa cm h|oucdd nuh~qg ucqo

hl 5/ ao qh aobdjmor jm uoijqqcmbor cma qhujri-

Jm Rhqg Cioujbc cma Iowjbh$ uocd orqcqo ao|odh{iomq rc~ c rquhmn uorunombo jm cdd

robqhur$ ~gjdo Bomqucd Cioujbc ~jqmorroa ihaoucqo ao|odh{iomq- [cmcic$ jm {cuqjbdcu$gcr bhmqjmoa qh ow{oujombo rquhmn bhmrqubqjhm cbqj|jqz o|om aujmn qgo gojngq hl qgo

ljmcmbjcd bujrjr- Mo~ bhmrqubqjhm jm qgo Bcujeeocm uonjhm ~cr ijmjicd jm 5;33$ ~jqg qgo

owbo{qjhm hl qgo Ahijmjbcm Uo{edjb- Aujmn qgo 5;;: ljmcmbjcd bujrjr$ qgo Ahijmjbcm

Uo{edjb uonjrqouoa c nuh~qg ucqo hl 2-?/ cma ow{oujomboa rjnmjljbcmq ao|odh{iomq

cbqj|jqz jm 5;3;$ {ujicujdz jm qgo uorjaomqjcd robqhu-

[uhfobqjhmr lhu qgo uonjhm jm 5;35 cuo h{qjijrqjb$ eq qoi{ouoa ~jqg dcqomq bhmboum lhu

qgo _RCr cma Ouh{or {hqomqjcd moncqj|o jmldombo- Dcqjm Cioujbc jr ow{obqoa qh

bhmqjmo jqr gocdqgz nuh~qg$ ~gjdo qgo Bcujeeocm jr ow{obqoa qh roo c rdh~ uobh|ouz- Ehqg

aoicma cma r{{dz ~jdd jmbuocro luqgou jm 5;35$ ~jqg c dcmadhuar icuòq jm ihrq hl qgo



21/25

uonjhmr bjqjor- Mo|ouqgodorr$ docro cma rcdo ucqor lhu hlljbo cma jmarqujcd {uhabq cuo mhq

ow{obqoa qh jmbuocro aucrqjbcddz- Jm Eucvjd$ qgo nuh~qg quoma gcr rdh~oa rjnmjljbcmqdz

bhi{cuoa qh ~gom hlljbo ucqor ~ouo bdjiejmn ez 3?)5?/ {ou cmmi jm icfhu bjqjor- Qgouoqcjd robqhu icz roo docro ucqor jmbuocro icuòadz lhu rgh{{jmn icddr cma Gjng Rquooq

dhbcqjhmr jm icfhu icuòqr 'Eucvjd$ Iowjbh$ Bhdhiejc cma [ou*$ ao qh bhmqjmoa rquhmn

bhmriou aoicma-

Rquhmn nuh~qg jm uocd orqcqo r{{dz ~jdd bhmqjmo qh hbbu jm qgo dcunou obhmhijor rbg

cr Eucvjd$ Bgjdo$ [ou$ [cmcic$ Iowjbh cma Bhdhiejc- Qgo ricddou obhmhijor hl Bomqucd

Cioujbc$ rbg cr Bhrqc Ujbc cma Ncqoicdc$ ~jdd ow{oujombo dh~ou nuh~qg uobh|oujor-

Nuh~qg jm uorhuq cma ghqod ao|odh{iomq ~jdd dcn qgo hqgou robqhur- Nuoomljoda ao|odh{iomq

jm qgo jmarqujcd cma hlljbo robqhur ~jdd bhmqjmo$ ao qh qgo dcb` hl Bdcrr C {uhabq

qguhnghq qgo uonjhm '~jqg qgo owbo{qjhm hl Iowjbh*- Bdcrr C hlljbo |cbcmbz ucqor cuo

ow{obqoa qh uoicjm eodh~ ?/ jm Eomhr Cjuor$ Ehnhqc$ Ujh ao Fcmojuh cma Rch [cdh-

Qgo mhqcedo owbo{qjhm qh qgo uonjhmcd |jnhu jr \omovodc$ ~gjbg ~jdd bhmqjmo qh rlloujmldcqjhm ceh|o 5?/ ~jqg rqjldoa obhmhijb nuh~qg- Qgo bgcddomno uoicjmr lhu nh|oumiomqr

qh {uh|jao caoscqo jmlucrqubquo qh iooq qgo o|ou)nuh~jmn mooar hl jmarqujor cma c

{uhr{oujmn {h{dcqjhm qgcq gcr c nuh~jmn c{{oqjqo lhu bcur-

Cm jmqouorqjmn quoma qh mhqo jr qgo rhubo hl jm|orqiomq bc{jqcd$ rjmbo aoeq ljmcmbjmn lhu

ao|odh{iomq gcr eoom dcunodz mc|cjdcedo- Lhu qgo ljurq qjio jm qgo dcrq 1; zocur 'cma

{ougc{r o|ou*$ c nuocq aocd hl dhbcd bc{jqcd ~cr jm|orqoa ahiorqjbcddz jmrqoca hl eojmn

ow{cqujcqoa- Jm caajqjhm$ c rjnmjljbcmq cihmq hl bc{jqcd qgcq gca eoom {uo|jhrdz jm|orqoa

jm lhuojnm icuòqr ~cr uo{cqujcqoa cma ajuobqoa qh dhbcd ao|odh{iomq h{{huqmjqjor- Qgjr

qomaombz jr ow{obqoa qh bhmqjmo qguhng qgo bhijmn zocu-

Cunomqjmc- Jm 5;33$ qgo obhmhiz rgh~oa gocdqgz nuh~qg$ ~gjbg jr ow{obqoa qh bhmqjmojm 5;35- Qgo Cunomqjmo {orh ~ocòmoa luhi 2 CUR qh qgo ahddcu qh cehq 1-:$ god{jmn

qgo bhmquz qh icjmqcjm c rquhmn ow{huq ecro- Ndhecd ow{huqr cuo ow{obqoa qh bhmqjmo

qh jmbuocro jm 5;35$ {ujicujdz jm qgo cnujbdqucd$ qowqjdo cma rou|jbo robqhur$ ~gjdo jmldcqjhm

jr ow{obqoa qh rqcz gjng$ {hrrjedz gjqqjmn 5;/-

Qgouo jr c rghuqcno hl c|cjdcedo Bdcrr C {uhabq jm qgo hlljbo$ jmarqujcd cma uoqcjd robqhur-

Hlljbo$ jmarqujcd cma ah~mqh~m |cbcmbz ucqor cdd rqcma cq 2)1/$ ~jqg aoicma hq{cbjmn

r{{dz- Ihrq jmarqujcd {uhfobqr jm qgo {j{odjmo cuo ejda)qh)rjq$ ~jqg docro ucqor ow{obqoa

qh jmbuocro qh òo{ {cbo ~jqg jmldcqjhm- Qgo icuòq ~jdd roo cm jmbuocro jm r{obdcqj|o

bhmrqubqjhm h|ou qgo mowq ro|oucd zocur-

Qgo Ecgcicr- Ehqg qgo qhujri cma ecm`jmn jmarqujor$ qgo q~h òz obhmhijb auj|our$

rghda roo c rquhmnou uobh|ouz jm 5;35$ cr _R cma Ouh{ocm qhujrq quc|od qh qgo jrdcmar

jmbuocror- Bhmrqubqjhm hl mo~ ghqod$ uorhuq cma uorjaomqjcd {uhfobqr uoicjm rdh~$ owbo{q

lhu qgo 3$;;; cbuo$ _R !5 ejddjhm Ecgc Icu uorhuq hm Mo~ [uh|jaombo Jrdcma- Qgo

{uhfobqoa rdh~ cma rqocaz 5;35 uobh|ouz jm qgo _R ~jdd god{ qgo bhmquzr qhujri nuh~qg-

Ah~mqh~m uoqcjd cma hlljbo icuòq cerhu{qjhm jr rdh~$ eq ji{uh|jmn- Ao qh cemacmq

{cu`jmn cma eoqqou cbborr$ reuecm icuòqr bhmqjmo qh eo qgo ihrq aorjucedo lhu mo~

bhmrqubqjhm cma ow{cmrjhm- Jm 5;33$ uherq aoicma ò{q |cbcmbz ucqor dh~$ rqcejdjvoa

reuecm uoqcjd uomqr cma r{uuoa ucuo ejda)qh)rjq h{{huqmjqjor- Aoicma lhu jmarqujcd

r{cbo cma Bdcrr C hlljbo {uhabq jm qgo reuecm reicuòq jr or{objcddz rquhmn- Jmqouorq

jm uorjaomqjcd ao|odh{iomq cma ghqodr jr ow{obqoa qh uoehma rdjngqdz$ ~jqg ro|oucd mo~

{uhfobqr jm qgo {j{odjmo-



22/25

Eucvjd- Eucvjd gcr {uh|om qh eo hmo hl qgo ~hudar ihrq cbqj|o obhmhijor$ ow{oujombjmn

c nuh~qg ucqo hl cehq ?/ jm 5;33- Qgo ow{obqcqjhmr hl c bhmqjmoa obhmhijb ehhi

bcm eo cqqujeqoa qh qgo bhmquzr dcuno hllrghuo hjd ao{hrjqr$ rquhmn cma nuh~jmn ahiorqjbbhmri{qjhm$ Eucvjdr ghrqjmn hl qgo ^huda B{ jm 5;31 cma hl qgo Hdzi{jbr jm 5;3? jm dcqo 5;33-

Aujmn 5;33$ qgo Eucvjdjcm uocd orqcqo icuòq nuo~ cq c lcrqou {cbo qgcm 5;3;- Qgo

bhmquz uoicjmr cm cqqucbqj|o qcunoq lhu Nuoomljoda Bdcrr C hlljbo$ uoqcjd cma {cuqjbdcudz

jmarqujcd ao|odh{iomq cma r{obdcqj|o uocd orqcqo cbsjrjqjhm- Docro ucqor lhu cdd {uhabq

qz{or jmbuocroa ~gjdo bc{ ucqor gh|ou eoq~oom :)33/-

Bhdhiejc- Bhdhiejc ~cr ljmcddz nucmqoa luoo qucao rqcqr ~jqg qgo _R$ ~gjbg ~jdd luqgou

eomoljq qgo obhmhiz- Ro|oucd robqhur jmbdajmn cnujbdquo$ uoqcjd$ rou|jbor cma E[H ~jdd

ncjm qgo ihrq- H|ou qgo dcrq 3? zocur$ qgo bhmquz gcr rqocajdz nuh~m cma ji{uh|oa jqr

aoihbucqjb buoaomqjcdr$ cma qgo {orh gcr eoom uodcqj|odz rqcedo$ ~jqg c nh|oumiomq qcunoq

hl cehq 3$7;; BH[ qh qgo ahddcu-

Ehqg uocd orqcqo ao|odh{iomq cma {ujbjmn ~ouo uodcqj|odz rquhmn jm 5;33$ ~jqg aoicma

owbooajmn r{{dz- Jmqoumcqjhmcd jm|orqiomq lmar gc|o zoq qh |omquo rquhmndz jmqh

Bhdhiejc$ eq qgo ahiorqjb bc{jqcd rhubor cuo jm|orqjmn cbqj|odz jm Nuoomljoda {uhfobqr

cma cuo lodjmn ao|odh{iomq nuh~qg- Nj|om qgo dcb` hl c qucmr{cuomq jm|orqiomq icuòq

lhu owjrqjmn {uhabq cma c rghuqcno hl jm|orqiomq rcdor$ bc{ ucqor cuo ajlljbdq qh jaomqjlz$

eq cuo orqjicqoa qh eo 35/ hu nuocqou-Bgjdo- Bgjdo bhmqjmor qh rou|o cr c eombgicu` lhu ihrq oiounjmn obhmhijor jm qgo uonjhm

cr qgo Bgjdocm obhmhiz uobhuaoa cmhqgou uor{obqcedo zocu hl nuh~qg- Jmldcqjhm ~cr rqcedo$

~gjdo qgo >/ moi{dhziomq ucqo jr cihmn qgo dh~orq jm Dcqjm Cioujbc- Qgo uobh|oujmn

{ujbor lhu bh{{ou cma hqgou bhiihajqjor$ {cjuoa ~jqg cm jmbuocro jm ndhecd aoicma$ god{oa

qgo Bgjdocm obhmhiz {uhr{ou jm 5;33- Bhmqjmoa cqqoi{qr qh aobuocro ao{omaombo hm

ji{huqr hl mcqucd ncr$ ez ao|odh{jmn gzauhodobqujb {uhfobqr jm qgo Cmaor$ gcr eoom gjmaouoa

ez obhdhnjbcd bgcddomnor- Qgouolhuo$ Bgjdo jr buuomqdz ejdajmn jqr ljurq DMN qouijmcd qh robuo

c r{{dz lhu owjrqjmn cma {bhijmn ncr)ljuoa qgouicd {dcmqr$ cma gcr omncnoa jm qgo

bhmrqubqjhm hl ro|oucd mo~ gzauh{h~ou cma bhcd)ljuoa qgouicd {dcmqr- Bgjdocm bhi{cmjor$

{uhljqjmn luhi qgoju rquhmn ahiorqjb obhmhiz$ gc|o ih|oa luhi qgo bcqjhr jmqoumcqjhmcd

ow{cmrjhm ihao qh cm cnnuorrj|o hmo- Qgoju qcunoqr cuo {ujicujdz [ou$ Bhdhiejc$Cunomqjmc$ cma Eucvjd$ ~jqg Bhrqc Ujbc$ [cmcic cma qgo _R cdrh uobomqdz caaoa qh qgo djrq-

Aoicma lhu scdjqz bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo bhmqjmoa qh eo rquhmn$ ~jqg |cbcmbjor uoicjmjmn

eodh~ 2/- Uomqcd ucqor uoicjmoa rqcedo$ ~jqg bc{ ucqor cq cehq 7)3;/-

Bhrqc Ujbc-Qgo icuòq jr mh~ rqcedo cma cdihrq lddz uobh|ouoa luhi qgo ndhecd ljmcmbjcd

bujrjr- Aoicma jr jmbuocrjmn cma owjrqjmn r{{dz jr eojmn cerhueoa- Ao|odh{iomqr qgcq

~ouo hm ghda cuo mh~ {uhbooajmn qh bhmrqubqjhm- Uocd orqcqo cbqj|jqz ~cr rquhmn aujmn

5;33 ~jqg uorhuq$ ghqod$ cma robhma ghio robqhur hm qgo [cbjljb Bhcrq rqjdd c~cjqjmn c

uoehma- Jm qgo imjbj{cd cuoc hl Rcm Fhr$ docrjmn cma rcdo cbqj|jqz jmbuocroa jm qgo hlljbo

cma jmarqujcd robqhur$ cma uomqcd ucqor ~ouo rqcedo- Qgo uoqcjd robqhu rgh~oa c rquhmnou

uobh|ouz jm aoicma$ ~jqg {~cua {uorruo hm rgh{{jmn icddr cma Gjng Rquooq uomqr-



23/25

Lhu 5;35$ cerhu{qjhm jm qgo bhiioubjcd robqhur jr ow{obqoa qh jmbuocro$ ~jqg c rquhmnou

{qcò jm uoqcjd- Uomqcd ucqor cuo ow{obqoa qh eo rqcedo lhu qgo hlljbo cma jmarqujcd robqhur$

eq rghda ow{oujombo c rdjngq jmbuocro jm qgo uoqcjd robqhu cr cerhu{qjhm jmbuocror- Cdhmnqgo [cbjljb Bhcrq$ uobh|ouz cma uomo~oa jm|orqhu jmqouorq rghda jmbuocro ez ija)zocu

5;35- Dcma {ujbor cuo ow{obqoa qh uoicjm ~oc` cr ao|odh{iomq cbqj|jqz uoicjmr |ouz

dh~ cma rhio h~mour quz qh bcrg hq- Bc{ ucqor cuo ceh|o :/ cma {uhfobq JUUr cuo

ceh|o 37/-

Ahijmjbcm Uo{edjb- Qgo Ahijmjbcm Uo{edjb jr qgo eujngq rqcu cihmn qgo roc hl

rqunndjmn obhmhijor jm qgo Bcujeeocm- Jq cbgjo|oa c nuh~qg ucqo hl 2->/ jm 5;3;$ 1->/

jm 5;33$ cma jr ow{obqoa qh lhddh~ qgo quoma jm 5;35- Uocd orqcqo ao|odh{iomq jm Rcmqh

Ahijmnh$ qgo bhmquzr bc{jqcd$ gcr eoom rquhmn$ {cuqjbdcudz jm qgo uorjaomqjcd robqhu$ ~jqg

miouhr bhmahijmji qh~our mh~ aobhucqjmn qgo r`zdjmo- Qgo uoqcjd cma hlljbo robqhur

gc|o cdrh ~jqmorroa rquhmn cbqj|jqz- Q~h hlljbo qh~our ~jdd eo bhi{doqoa jm 5;35$ cr ~odd

cr qgo Rciejd Rcmqh Ahijmnh Rgh{{jmn Bomqou ~jqg 3:?$;;; rscuo ioqour hl qhqcd uoqcjdcuoc- Qhujri ao|odh{iomq$ cdqghng dcunodz ~jqg ricddou {uhfobqr$ jr bhmqjmjmn {ujicujdz

jm [ouqh [dcqc cma hqgou hqdzjmn bjqjor- C icfhu qghuhnglcuo jr buuomqdz maou

bhmrqubqjhm qh bhmmobq qgo Rcicmc cuoc ~jqg Rcmqh Ahijmnh ez zocu)oma 5;35-

Iowjbh- Iowjbh bhmqjmoa qh uobh|ou aujmn 5;33$ cbgjo|jmn nuh~qg ucqor ceh|o 2-?/-

Qgo Iowjbcm {orh qh _R ahddcu owbgcmno ucqo jmbuocroa qguhnghq 5;33 qh cehq 32-?

{orhr qh qgo ahddcu cq zocu)oma 5;33- Qgo aoicma lhu icsjdcahuc {uhabq bhmqjmoa

qh jmbuocro jm uor{hmro qh ujrjmn dcehu cma qucmr{huq bhrqr luhi Crjcm h{oucqjhmr- Crjcm

bhi{cmjor luhi @huoc$ Fc{cm cma Bgjmc rgh~oa jmbuocroa jmqouorq lhu jmrqcddjmn

icmlcbqujmn h{oucqjhmr jm mhuqgoum Iowjbh-

Cr mhqoa ceh|o$ uocd orqcqo cbqj|jqz ~cr gocdqgz cbuhrr Iowjbh$ ~jqg Iowjbh Bjqz lcujmnqgo eorq- Qgo hlljbo cma jmarqujcd robqhur ow{oujomboa rquomnqgomjmn {hrjqj|o cerhu{qjhm$

aor{jqo qgo moncqj|o mo~r cehq qgo aun quclljb`jmn |jhdombo cdhmn qgo ehuaou- Docrjmn

cma rcdor aoicma jmbuocroa jm cdihrq cdd crroq bdcrror$ or{objcddz uoqcjd- Docro ucqor jm

Iowjbh Bjqz lhu cdd {uhabq qz{or gc|o eoom rqcedo$ jm r{jqo hl rhio jmldcqjhmcuz {uorruo$

cma rghda eo rqcedo jm 5;35 cr bhmboum lhu c {uhdhmnoa _R uobh|ouz rgc{or dcmadhua

romqjiomq- Rcdo {ujbor cbuhrr qgo bhmquz rghda cdrh uoicjm uodcqj|odz rqcedo$ cma bc{

ucqor ~jdd djòdz uoicjm cq cehq :/ lhu scdjqz {uhabq$ ~jqg JUUr jm qgo 3?)5;/ ucmno-

[cmcic-Qgo rquhmn nuh~qg bzbdo jm [cmcic bhmqjmoa mcecqoa jm 5;33$ ~jqg c NA[

nuh~qg ucqo ceh|o 3;/- Rquhmn uocd orqcqo ao|odh{iomq bhmqjmoa$ {ujicujdz jm qgo

uorjaomqjcd$ hlljbo cma erjmorr ghqod robqhur- Cerhu{qjhm lhu cdd {uhabq qz{or uoicjmoa

|ouz cbqj|o ~jqg docro cma rcdo {ujbor lhu bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqjor uodcqj|odz rqcedo- Lhu 5;35$qgo bhmquzr nuh~qg ucqo jr ow{obqoa qh cbgjo|o 7/-

Jm qgo bhiioubjcd uocd orqcqo robqhu$ ehqg r{{dz lhu qgo hlljbo cma jmarqujcd icuòqr ~jdd

ow{cma$ eq qgo hlljbo robqhu jm|omqhuz jr ow{obqoa qh jmbuocro ez 2?/ 'cehq 2;;$;;;

rscuo ioqour hl Bdcrr C {uhabq*- Gh~o|ou$ nj|om qgo rqcejdjqz hl qgo hlljbo ucqor aujmn

5;33 cma dcmadhuar jmbuocrjmn bhmljaombo jm qgo obhmhiz$ ~o ah mhq ow{obq hlljbo docro

ucqor qh aobdjmo aujmn 5;35-

[ou- [ou omfhzoa cmhqgou rquhmn zocu ~jqg c nuh~qg ucqo hl /$ clqou cbgjo|jmn 7->/

jm 5;3;- Qgjr hbbuuoa o|om ~jqg qgo odobqjhm hl c {hqomqjcddz ~huujrhio dolq)~jmn

{uorjaomqjcd bcmajacqo$ ~gh bcroa jm|orqhur cma bhi{cmjor qh dcunodz gcdq {uhfobqr lhu

ro|oucd ihmqgr mqjd qgoz bhda aoqouijmo qgo mo~ {uorjaomqr {ucnicqjri 'hu dcb`



24/255;35 Ndhecd Icuòq Uo{huq m ~~~-mcjndhecd-bhi

qgouohl*- Rdh~oa uocd orqcqo cbqj|jqz aujmn S5 5;33 ~cr sjqo rquhmn h|oucdd$ ~jqg uomq

cma rcdo {ujbor jmbuocrjmn ez cehq 7/- Lhu 5;35$ uomqcd cma rcdo cbqj|jqz rghda uoicjm

rquhmn jm cdd robqhur$ or{objcddz uoqcjd- Miouhr uoqcjd {uhfobqr cuo maou bhmrqubqjhmcma ~jdd eo c|cjdcedo jm 5;35$ ~jqg icmz cduocaz rjnmjljbcmqdz {uo)docroa- Jm qgo Djic hlljbo

icuòq$ aoicma rghda uoicjm cbqj|o cma |cbcmbz ucqor cuo mhq ow{obqoa qh auh{ cr

mo~ hlljbo {uhabq jr aodj|ouoa- Ao qh qgo ow{cmrjhm hl qgo bjqzr bhuo$ jmarqujcd

ao|odh{iomq jr eojmn {rgoa luqgou hq eozhma qgo uorjaomqjcd cma bhiioubjcd cuocr$

{ujicujdz qh Gcbgj{c jm qgo Ocrq vhmo$ Dujm cma Bgjdbc jm Rhqg Djic0 cma \omqcmjddc jm

ôrq Djic-

\omovodc- 5;33 {uh|oa qh eo c ajlljbdq zocu cncjm lhu \omovodc cr qgo Bgc|ov

caijmjrqucqjhmr icbuh cma ijbuhobhmhijb {hdjbjor bhmqjmoa qh bgcrqjro qgo ahiorqjb

bhi{cmjor cma icuòqr- Caajqjhmcddz$ dh~ou hjd {ujbor cma lcddjmn {uhabqjhm uoaboa qgo

nh|oumiomqr uo|omor$ cr qgo {oquhdoi jmarquz uoicjmr qgo ihrq ji{huqcmq cma

{uhljqcedo obhmhijb omnjmo- 5;35 ~jdd bhmqjmo qh eo ajlljbdq ~jqg rghuqcnor ow{obqoa jmicmz robqhur$ ao qh qgo caijmjrqucqjhmr mcqjhmcdjvcqjhm hl miouhr bhi{cmjor cma

jqr bhmqjmoa qguocqr qh rqucqonjb jmarqujor$ rbg cr lhha {uhborrjmn cma cnujbdquo-

Owbo{q lhu cbqj|jqz luhi {hdjqjbcd eoaloddh~r rbg cr Jucm$ Bgjmc$ Djezc cma Urrjc$ qgouo

jr |juqcddz mh mo~ lhuojnm jm|orqiomq jm \omovodc hqrjao hl qgo {oquhdoi jmarquz$ cr

qgo bhmquzr caijmjrqucqjhm cma {hdjbz om|juhmiomq gci{ou uobh|ouz-

\cbcmbz ucqor cuo rqjdd mocu vouh jm qgo hlljbo$ jmarqujcd cma uoqcjd robqhur$ cma uomqcd ucqor

cuo ujrjmn rgcu{dz ao qh gjng jmldcqjhm ucqor cma cuqjljbjcddz dh~ ahddcu)qh)ehdj|cu buuombz

owbgcmno ucqor- Dcmadhuar aoqouijmo rcdo cma uomqcd ucqor ecroa hm qgo _R ahddcu-

Cdqghng jm|orqhur cma ao|odh{our uoicjm owquoiodz bcqjhr ao qh qgo dcb` hl

qucmr{cuombz cma {hdjqjbcd ujr`r$ qgouo jr rhio mo~ ao|odh{iomq cma jm|orqiomq jm uocd

orqcqo$ {cuqjbdcudz jm uoqcjd- Ljuir h{oucqjmn jm \omovodc bcmmhq ow{cqujcqo qgoju ocumjmnr

cq c uocdjrqjb ahddcu |cdo$ cma cuo qgouolhuo dhh`jmn lhu cm cdqoumcqj|o ~cz qh {uhqobq qgo

|cdo hl qgoju bc{jqcd$ ~gjbg bhda ehao ~odd lhu bhiioubjcd {uh{ouqz icuòqr-


25/25

1 Jmao{omaombo ^cz

Rjqo 1;;

[ujmboqhm MF ;7?1;

qod +3 7$ MCJ gcr bhi{doqoa qghrcmar hl qucmrcbqjhmr jm c ~jao ucmno hl jmarquz

robqhur$ jmbdajmn qobgmhdhnz$ gocdqgbcuo$ ljmcmbjcd rou|jbor$ qjdjqjor$ cihmn icmz hqgour- Hu ow{oujombo

ombhi{crror cdd icfhu crroq qz{or jmbdajmn gocascuqour$ acqc)bomqour$ ajrqujeqjhm bomqour$ eucmbg

hlljbor$ icmlcbqujmn {dcmqr cma hqgour- Hu rou|jbo hlloujmnr jmbdao6

Ljmcmbjcd Rou|jbor

m C{{ucjrcdr ( \cdcqjhm

m Bc{jqcd Icuòqr

m Jm|orqiomq Rou|jborm [uh{ouqz \cdcqjhm , Qcw

Bhmrdqjmn

m Ihuqncno Euhòucno

m Qucao Buoajqr

m ^hu`hqr , Uorqubqujmn

Qobgmhdhnz

m BDCR Hmdjmo [huqlhdjh

Icmcnoiomq

m UOCDQucb Hmdjmo

Qucmrcbqjhm Icmcnoiomq

Bhmrdqjmn Rou|jbor

m Ajrqujeqjhm Dhnjrqjbr

m Ao Ajdjnombo Icmcnoiomq

m Locrjejdjqz Cmcdzrjrm Ljmcmbjcd Cmcdzrjr

m Jmqoumcqjhmcd Bhmrdqjmn

Rou|jbor

m Docro , _qjdjqz Cajqr

m Dhbcqjhm Eomoljqr Cmcdzrjr

m Icuòq Uorocubg

m Uodhbcqjhm Rqajor

m Rjqo Dhbcqjhm Ihaodjmn

m Rqucqonjb [dcmmjmn

Qucmrcbqjhm Rou|jbor

m Cbbodoucqoa Icuòqjmn

[uhnucir

m Cbsjrjqjhm Rou|jborm Cbqjhm Rou|jbor

m Ajr{hrjqjhm Rou|jbor

m Moq Docro Qucmrcbqjhmr

m Redocrjmn

m Rcdo)Docroecb` Qucmrcbqjhmr

m Qomcmq Uo{uoromqcqjhm

Crroq Rou|jbor

m Crroq Icmcnoiomq

m Ejda)qh)Rjq ( Ao|odh{iomq

Rou|jborm Docro Caijmjrqucqjhm

m Ih|o Icmcnoiomq

m [uhfobq Icmcnoiomq

m [uh{ouqz Icmcnoiomq

m Rrqcjmcejdjqz Rou|jbor

m Crroq H{qjijvcqjhm

, Uobh|ouz

m UOH Ajr{hrjqjhm

Documents

NAI Global's 2012 Global Market Report Overview