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Nahw 201: Arabic Grammar in Charts

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Table 2.11

ماءال مع ربات س إع رابأق سامال

Noun Type عف الر ةحال بص الن ةالح ر جال ةالح Examples for Each State

حيحالص فرصنمالدرملا ةم ض ةحتف ةرسك دزياءج دايزتيأر ديزبتررم

حيحالص امقممائقالدرملا ةم ض ةحتف ةرسك بظاذى ياب ظتيأر بظبتررم

فرصنمالرس كمالعملا ةم ض ةحتف ةرسك رجالمى الجرتيأر 5الجرلتلق

فرصنماليغ ةم ض ةحتف ةحتف رمجاءع رمعتيأر رمعبتررم

الس ت ةالمكب رةال ساء

a. When mudaaf to

any noun besides the

dameer.6 ي

كوب جاءأ ي ا و اكبأتيأر كيبأبتررم

b. When mudaaf to

the ي dameer. hidden hidden hidden بجاءأ بأتيأر بأبتررم

c. when not

mudaaf ةم ض ةحتف ةرسك أباتيأر جاءأب بأبتررم

ملك تمالاءيلإافضملا hidden hidden hidden زميليجاء زميليتيأر بزميليتررم

روصقمالمسلا hidden hidden hidden وسلماءج وسلمتيأر وسلمبتررم

صوقن مالمسلا hidden ةحتف hidden لاضقالاءج ياضقالتيأر لاضقالبتررم

ث ملا ن انـ ينـ ينـ لنجراءج ليجرتيأر ليجربتررم

نانث ا (masculine)

انتنث ا (feminine) انـ ينـ ينـ نانث ااءج ن يث اتيأر ن يث ابتررم

لك (masculine)

اتلك (feminine)

(يمالض لإافضملا)

اـ يـ يـ 7اكلهاءج امكليهتيأر امكليهبتررم

5 I said to some men.

6 The م of فم will be dropped when it is mudaaf to any noun besides the ي dameer. For example, it is dropped in

the followng hadith: ماجتعلفف امرأتك... (Whatever you put in the mouth of your wife…) 7 Both of them.

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Table 2.11 – Continued

Noun Type عف الر ةحال بص الن ةالح ر جال ةالح Examples for Each State

الالس ثن ؤمالعج اتـ اتـ اتـ اتملسمن ى تيأر

اتملسم

تررماتملسمب

الالس رك ذمالعج ونـ ينـ ينـ مونلسماءج ميلسمتيأر ميلسمبتررم

–نوعستلإنورشعنون س

ونـ ينـ ينـ نورشعاءج

لجر

رينشعتيأرلجر

رينشعبتررملجر

وولأ وـ يـ يـ الموولأاءج ولأتيأر

الم

ولأبتررمالم

الالس رك ذمالعج(ملك تمالاءيلإافضملا)

hidden ي ي ءلؤى

8ي ملسم

تيأر9ي ملسم

ي ملسمبتررم

ي مسلم 8 was originally مسلمون. First, the ن was dropped because of ةافضإ . It became يمسلمو . Then, the و was

changed to a ي and the two were joined according to the following morphological (فيرص) rule: “when a و and a ي

appear together and the first is ناكس , then theو is changed to a ي, and the two ي are joined (this is called دغامإ ),

and the dammah before the و is changed into a kasrah.” Thus, it became ي مسلم . ي مسلم 9 was originally مسلمي ن. First, the ن was dropped because of ةافضإ . It became ييمسلم . Then, the two ي were

joined ( دغامإ ). Thus, it became ي مسلم .

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Section 1.7

ةار جال وفر حل ا – Prepositions

Effect: A جر حرف gives a جر to the noun it enters upon, which is then known as وررم .

Table 1.2

ةار جال وفر حل ا – Prepositions

جر فحر Meaning Example

.I wrote with the pen كتبتبالقلم with ب .1

!By Allah تالل by (for oath) ت .2

كال like ك .3 سدزيد Zayd is like a lion.

لوالمدل for ل .4 All praise is for Allah.

!By Allah والل by (oath) و .5

سب وعأي تومنذأمار since منذ .6 I have not seen him since a week.

يامأرب عةأي تومذأمار since/for مذ .7 I did not see him for four days.

زيدجاءالناسخل besides, except خل .8 The people came except Zayd.

ي عملبعلمو …many a رب .9 عال Many a learned person acts on his رب

knowledge.

.The people came except Zayd جاءالناسحاشازيد besides, except حاشا .10

نالسفررجعتم from من .11 I returned from the journey.

.The people came except Zayd جاءالناسعدازيد besides, except عدا .12

الب يتزيدف in, regarding ف .13 Zayd is in the house.

يضلالطبيبعنالمرأس from, regarding عن .14 The doctor asked about the patient.

يالكرسعلىالث وب on على .15 The cloth/clothes is/are on the chair.

16. نت up to, until حت الصبححت I slept till dawn.

ل إ .17 up to, towards المدي نةلإساف رت I travelled to Madinah.

Example 1: كلكالىفوحلنا امعالطحىفلمالم Grammar in speech is like salt in food.

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