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NAECON 2010

Agenda

National Aerospace and Electronics

Conference

Dayton, Ohio July 14 – July 16 2010 Theme: ―Intelligent Aerospace Systems & Biomedical Sensors‖

Location: Holiday Day Inn Conference Center 2800 Presidential Drive * Fairborn * Ohio * 45324

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Conference Overview

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BEST PAPER AWARD for NAECON 2010 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference

Dr. Daniel William Repperger Outstanding Paper Award

Description

The IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) is pleased to announce the

establishment of the outstanding paper award in honor of the life and contributions of Dr. Daniel William

Repperger. A fellow of the IEEE and active member of the Dayton Section of IEEE, Dan always exhibited

service and dedication to the profession of electrical engineering. With a career spanning more than

three decades at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dan was able to make significant contributions at the

Human Effectiveness Directorate in the technical areas of haptic controllers, human-machine interface

performance enhancement, and image/network complexity analysis. This resulted in Dan authoring more

than 400 technical journal articles, reports and conference publications, 8 encyclopedia and book

chapters, editor for 5 international journals and 14 US patents. Dan was honored by being selected to

Fellow status by the Air Force Research Laboratory Fellow, the American Institute for of Medical and

Biological Engineering, the Ohio Academy of Sciences, and the Aerospace Medical Association.

Additional accolades include the Harry G. Armstrong Scientific Excellence Award, Human Effectiveness

Directorate Mentor of the Year, the IEEE Third Millennium Medal, and the IEEE Fritz Russ Award.

Dan’s membership with professional societies also included Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, and Sigma Xi,

as well as being a registered professional engineer, and on the Board of Trustees for the Ohio Academy

of Sciences. It is with great pride that the 2010 IEEE NAECON executive committee inaugurates the

Daniel William Repperger Outstanding Paper Award and whose premier recipient will be awarded at

next year’s NAECON.

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PLEASE FILL OUT and SUBMIT TO REGISTRATON DESK

(Choose ONE and Please Submit to the Registration Desk before Friday 16 July at Noon)

IEEE 2010 NAECON Outstanding Paper Award Nomination based on Best Presentation,

Theory and Innovation

Track Title and Number:

Track Chair Name and Date:

Presentation Title:

Presenter Name and Organization:

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Conference Details

Day 1 – Wednesday, July 14, 2010

Time Event Location

7:15am-8:00am Registration/Continental Collage Hallway

8:00am-8:30am Introduction Ballroom

R.L. Ewing, H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, B.L. Frantom

8:30am-11:30am

Session Title Location

I Collaborative & Cognitive Processing Kitty Hawk

Chair: Bill McQuay, Air Force Research Laboratory

CC01 Trust Model for Semantic Sensor and Social Networks: A Preliminary Report, Wright State University

Pramod Anantharam Abstract: Trust is an amorphous concept that is becoming increasingly important in many domains, such as P2P networks, e-

commerce, social networks, sensor networks, etc. While we all have an intuitive notion of trust, the literature is scattered with a

wide assortment of differing definitions and descriptions; Often these descriptions are highly dependent on a single domain or

application of interest. In addition, these descriptions are often discussing separate aspects of trust while continuing to use the

general term "trust." In order to make sense of the situation, we have developed ontology of trust that integrates and relates its

various aspects into a single model.

CC02 A Concept for Reducing Workload in a High-Volume Layered Sensing Collaborative Environment by

Employing Sensor, SAIC, John Hudson Abstract- Layered sensing brings multiple heterogeneous sensors together for exploitation and analysis in a variety of ways.

Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) architectures can collect the output of layered sensing systems, but threaten to overwhelm

analysts with massive amounts of unnecessary information. Modern reasoning systems such as JENA and Pellet can assist

analysts by performing lower level concrete reasoning. This paper presents a concept for reducing the workload of the operators

and analysts in layered sensing collaborative operations by employing a combination of SWE architecture and reasoning systems.

CC03 Biomimetic Learning, Not Learning Biomimetics: A survey of developmental learning, University of Dayton,

Alan Jennings Abstract—Rather than traditional artificial intelligence approaches which learn skills directly, developmental learning creates

general-purpose systems which incrementally build on experience, as inspired by the human developmental process. This survey

of recent research covers categorization, sensorimotor control and mental development. Concepts and tools are described for use

in other disciplines.

CC04 Secure and Adaptive Infrastructure for Large-Scale Sensing Applications, University of Toledo, Bradford R.

Lilly Abstract. With the abundance of data that will be collected from intelligent wireless sensor networks, it is becoming increasingly

necessary to handle the data properly. Through the use of our low cost motes, we are able to deploy larger networks that

communicate with lower power and increased reliability and security.

CC05 Review of Trust Research from an Interdisciplinary Perspective - Psychology, Sociology, Economics, and

Cyberspace, Virginia Tech, Simin Hall Abstract - Trust and trustworthiness apply to a wide range of applications in automation and human interactions. Their definitions

and characteristics vary depending on the context and the situation. Nevertheless, they are significant because of risk,

vulnerability, uncertainty, and confidence. In this paper we review past work to converge our understanding of Trust (human

centric and subjective) and trustworthiness (hardware/software centric and objective) across fields including literature from

psychological, sociological, economic, automation, and cyberspace perspectives of trust. We expect to create a more rigorous

definition of trust and trustworthiness that leads to finding the appropriate metrics to measure trust and trustworthiness

dynamically.

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CC06 Teaching an Undergraduate Electromechanical Course, University of Cincinnati, Massoud Rabiee Abstract- An introduction to operating theory and classification of electric machines should be an essential part of engineering

programs. This presentation will focus on operating principals of electric motors and generators that should be taught during a

semester or a quarter terms. The person who will present this paper has taught electric machines‘ classes in both the semester and

quarter systems for electrical engineering and electrical engineering technology programs since 1983. He has also worked in

industry where he was responsible for selecting, testing, and analyzing electromechanical devices. During this presentation, he

will describe and explain the topics that should be included in an introductory electromechanical class.

CC07 Modeling Method for Weapon Launch Acceptability Region, Pusan National University, Kun Su Yoon Abstract- In this paper, the author proposes a new modeling method for improving accuracy of weapon launch acceptability

region. To enhance the model accuracy and memory requirements, the proposed method is based on training technique using

neural network. The accuracy relative to the truth data set, which consists of grid data, generated using the weapon 6 degree of

freedom simulation is evaluated. In the simulation results, true/false coverage area statistics and miss statistics shows significant

improvement compared to the conventional modeling algorithms. Also, the memory requirements lead to about a 50% reduction

on average.

8:30am-11:30am Wednesday

Session Title Location

IIIa Radar Signal & Image Processing Ballroom

Chairs: Julie Jackson & Olga Mendoza-Schrock

Air Force Institute of Technology & Air Force Research Laboratory

RI01 Automated Image Segmentation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Feature Extraction, Air Force Institute of

Technology, Julie Jackson Abstract: Automated segmentation routines may be used to extract scattering features in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images.

The watershed transform segments real-valued images into regions associated with a local minima. Watershed algorithms suffer

from over-segmentation which, for SAR image segmentation, results in many more regions than scatterers. We consider an

algorithm called Peak Region Segmentation (PRS), which is an inverted version of the watershed transform that seeks to group

pixel regions associated with a local maxima. We implement the algorithm to segment one, two, and three-dimensional images.

We extend PRS to include region merging to avoid over-segmentation. Threshold settings allow the user to strike a balance

between region merging and separation of closely-spaced scatterers. Image segmentation examples are shown for 1D, 2D, and 3D

SAR images.

RI02 Effects of Polarization on Wide-angle SAR Classification Performance, The Ohio State University, Kerry

Dungan Abstract—Including polarization to circular synthetic aperture radar imagery increases the diversity of information as compared

to non-polarized collections. The additional information improves classification performance in a vehicle identification

application. Radar imagery is represented as sets of attributed scattering centers, and vehicles are identified by a pyramid match

hashing based, point pattern classifier. The experiments contrast classification performance in a variety of experiments with and

without polarization.

RI03 WiMAX Ambiguity Function for PCL Systems, Air Force Institute of Technology, Jose Gutierrez Abstract-This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the ambiguity function of the emerging IEEE 802.16 OFDM ―WiMAX‖

signal and how it compares to the Linear Frequency Modulation Pulse (LFM), and the Simple Gaussian Pulse (SGP) waveforms

for radar applications in monostatic and bistatic scenarios.

RI04 Robust Wideband Beamforming, Tennessee Tech University, Zhen Hu Abstract-Beamforming is a special case of waveform diversity. Generally speaking, beamforming is a signal processing

technique for directional signal transmission and reception in the multi-antenna system or the array system. Beamforming has

been studied for several decades and deployed in civil and military systems. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

(WCDMA) supports direction of arrival (DOA) based beamforming and transmit antenna array (TxAA) beamforming. In Long

Term Evolution (LTE), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding based beamforming with Space-Division Multiple

Access (SDMA) is used. For phased array radar, narrowband beamforming is widely used to compensate for the phase shifts so

that coherent signal combination can be performed. The simplest way to perform narrowband beamforming is based on maximal-

ratio combining and the Cauchy Schwarz inequality. Channel state information (CSI) should be known for near field

beamforming, and the steering vector is needed for far field beamforming.

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RI05 Direction Finding Using a Nonuniformly-Spaced Array of Arbitrary Antennas, Air Force Institute of

Technology, Geoffrey Akers Abstract—This paper presents analysis of angle of arrival estimation techniques for a passive array consisting of arbitrary

antennas with nonuniform-spacing. The array extent is restricted to a maximum of one wavelength. The antenna array response is

assumed to be precisely known. Analytic results are developed for a signal in the low HF band using the maximum likelihood

method and multiple signal classification (MUSIC) estimators. The relationship between array geometry and estimator

performance is analyzed.

RI06 Fundamental Component Identification and Replacement Technique Applied for Noncoherent Sampling

Data, Iowa State University, Minshun Wu Abstract-This paper introduces a new method for achieving very accurate and robust spectral testing for periodic signals without

the need for coherent sampling or windowing. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is

computational extremely efficient with only minimal addition to the complexity of Fast Fourier Transform.

RI07 A Comparative Analysis of Ground-UAV Platform Geometries for Radar Imaging, Air Force Research

Laboratory, Atindra Mitra Abstract-This paper provides a summary of comparative analysis pertaining to a systems trade study with platform geometries

that encompass either one, two, or three distributed RF sensing platforms. The discussion includes analysis of a basic set of trade

parameters associated with performing skylooking radar imaging. The baseline one-platform case corresponds to one ground-

based radar transmitter/receiver. The two-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver and one UAV with

a passive receiver and the three-platform case involves one ground-based radar transmitter/receiver and two UAV‘s each

equipped with a passive receiver. This notional analysis is conducted with a narrow-bandwidth waveform within the S-Band

region of the radar spectrum and notional parameters of the moon are adopted for the object-of-interest for radar imaging. Results

indicate that the trajectories of the UAV‘s can be pre-selected to improve comparative radar imaging performance.

RI08 Collision-Avoidance Radar for Bicyclist and Runners, Air Force Research Laboratory, Atindra Mitra Abstract-This paper provides a summary of the analysis and design process with respect to the development and prototyping of a

Bicycle Radar for a Senior Capstone Project at Wright State University in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory

Sensors Directorate. The original solicitation published by the AFRL was entitled ―Angle-Scanning Police Radar for Bicycles.‖

The refined topic title adopted by the Senior Capstone Team is ―Radar Collision Avoidance Detection on the iPhone‖ RCAD.

The basic radar technology adopted for this project is a commercial integrated (miniaturized) K-band FMCW Monopulse Module

that is recently designed for future Intelligent Automotive Cruise Control Applications. The design documentation, preliminary

test outputs, and discussions within the sections of this paper describe a number of novel features of this Bicycle Radar Design

including the methodology for overlaying the K-band range-angle data onto streaming video on the iPhone. Additional sections

include discussions pertaining to radar waveform generation, control, and processing. A discussion on potential follow-on

activities and a discussion on potential auxiliary applications of the resulting design are also provided.

8:30am-11:30am

Session Title Location

XII NAECON Grand Challenge & Open Discussion Discovery

Chairs: Joanne DeGroat, Erik Blasch & Leamon Viveros Two teams for the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) Grand Challenge will

present their research. The NAECON Grand Challenge Problem is entitled the ―SMARTVEST for K9s‖.

Judging will be done by both the audience and invited judges. (So Please attend!)

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8:30am-10:30am Wednesday

Session Title Location

VII Adaptive RF and Space Based Communications Armstrong

Chair: Charles Cerny, Air Force Research Laboratory

AS01 Lineshapes for optical pumped cesium lasers, Air Force Institute of Technology, Charles Fox Abstract- The development of the diode pumped alkali laser relies heavily on the broadening and shift of the atomic hyperfine

profiles. The broadening rates and shift are measured for the noble gasses and H2, HD, D2, N2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and HE3 for

the D1 and D2 transitions.

AS02 A 3.1-10.6 GHz CMOS Mixer with a 1.6 GHz IF Bandwidth for Frequency Hopping OFDM Applications, The

Ohio State University, Fei Gong Abstract- A 3.1-10.6 GHz mixer for frequency hopping OFDM applications is presented. With band stop filter loads, the mixer

achieved a 1.6 GHz IF bandwidth and a 12 dB conversion gain with a variation less than ± 1.5 dB for 5 dBm LO. The noise

figure is 8-13 dB and input return loss is better than -10 dB.

AS03 Interference Avoidance via Adaptive Wavelet Packet Modulation in Wireless Communication Systems,

Optimal Synthesis Inc., Hui-Ling Lu Abstract— This paper addresses the problem of adaptive modulation/demodulation scheme in the presence of interferences for

wireless communication systems. We developed an adaptive modulation/demodulation scheme which modifies users‘ signature

waveforms by maximizing the signal to interference ratio based on wavelet packet analysis and the state-of-art interference

avoidance algorithms.

AS04 Formalization of Confidence Levels in Verification Efforts, The Ohio State University Ramsundar

Radhakrishnan Abstract-The verification space is almost infinite over complex circuit designs written using HDLs, and hence functional

verification can never be complete. The level of confidence placed on verification effort is typically set, but there is no formal

rigorous methodology to do this. This paper presents a process to establish the level of confidence for a verification effort on a

combinational logic design.

AS05 Reliable Low Voltage FPGA Operation, The Ohio State University, Austin Salyers Abstract – All FPGAs are listed with minimal operating voltage levels, but little has been done to explore idea of enabling

reliable low voltage FPGA operation. This research will attempt to operate FPGAs at voltage levels lower than the minimal

operating voltage level and study the failures encountered in an attempt to find ways to counter their effects.

AS06 Wakeup Receiver Aided Communication Terminals for Aerospace Applications, University of Washington,

Jianlei Shi Abstract— Energy saving is a critical design task for wireless communication in aerospace applications. We propose a wakeup

receiver-aided communication terminal to reduce the average power consumption. The wakeup scheme is enabled by utilizing the

low data rate wakeup message modulated in Minimum energy coding On/Off Keying (Me-coding OOK). Analysis of energy

consumption shows that proposed scheme can improve the power saving capability. Better sensitivity and longer communication

range are predicted for the wakeup receiver aided wireless terminals. Moreover, it will effectively improve the network

dynamics, which enables applications such as data collection and critical message broadcasting at low implementation cost.

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10:30am-11:30am Wednesday

Session Title Location

IX Reconfigurable Computing Armstrong

Chairs: Kerry Hill and Al Scarpelli, Air Force Research Laboratory

RC01 An Integer-Based Unsharp Mask Algorithm for Infrared Imagery, UDRI, Benjamin Fortener Abstract- As camera sensor technology has advanced, image sizes have grown and the methods employed to process imagery

have become more advanced and complex. For infrared (IR) imaging systems, more processing is typically required than in

electro-optical (EO) systems in order to adjust the data so that it is visibly more meaningful or to preserve details that may be lost

in compression. JPEG and JPEG2000 typically achieve compression through a loss of higher frequencies, which may contain

important information for a variety of applications. A common algorithm employed on IR imagery before compression is an

unsharp mask, which is a type of sharpening that preserves and boosts higher frequencies in the IR imagery. For many wide-area

surveillance applications, this is essential in order to preserve important content, which may consist of a few pixels. With very

large images and a pipelined processing chain, software systems quickly saturate memory bandwidth and processing throughput.

A solution to this problem is offloading algorithms to specialized processing cards, such as those with FPGAs or GPUs. When

implementing an algorithm in hardware, floating point calculations are resource-hungry and time consuming to complete, so the

calculations are typically done in fixed-point notation while scaling the data and filter coefficients up in order to preserve

precision. This paper presents an integer-based unsharp mask technique and a hardware implementation that gives equivalent

results to its software floating-point counterpart and allows for an embedded implementation to achieve computational speedup.

RC02 Image Compression Emphasizing Pixel Size Objects in Midwave Infrared Persistent Surveillance Systems,

UDRI, Patrick Hytla Abstract- Midwave infrared (MWIR) persistent surveillance systems typically attempt to maximize coverage area leading to

designs that push the limits of resolution. This places few pixels on target and can lead to performance challenges related high

spatial frequency content. This is especially true of pixel sized objects in the imagery and the potential for small apparent

temperature differences between these objects and local background causing low contrast. Further complicating the issue is the

need to compress the imagery during transmission. Lossy compression effects from JPEG 2000 compression were examined to

determine the effects on pixel sized objects in the imagery. Furthermore, the optimum order of operations within the image

processing chain necessary to preserve pixel sized object information in compressed imagery. Applying unsharp masking prior to

14-bit JPEG 2000 compression followed by decompression produced the best results at maintaining the integrity of pixel sized

objects at compression ratios up to 40:1 based on visual interpretation of the imagery.

RC03 A Model for Flash Analog-to-Digital Converters with Bit-Extended Error Table Linearization, University of

Dayton, Christopher McGuinness Abstract—This paper provides a fundamental overview of important metrics and concepts regarding A/D nonlinear distortion.

Once reviewed, a sub-bit compensation technique is presented, analyzed, and simulated in the context of a high-speed flash

converter. A model is presented to represent the compensator as well as the pre-compensated converter. It is shown that the

BEET method of error compensation creates a greater SFDR and SINAD for a converter than traditional error-table

compensation. Yet, the BEET method has only a slight increase in hardware complexity compared to traditional error tables.

RC04 Automatic VHDL Generation Software Tool for Parameterized FPGA Based FFT Architectures, University

of Toledo, Todd Schmuland Abstract-This paper describes the development of a software tool for simulating and generating fully parallel generic VHDL

representations of Fast Fourier Transforms. Several fixed-point number optimizations are described with emphasis on

maximizing speed and/or minimizing FPGA area. Twiddle factor bit precision and its effects on FPGA area usage are also

explored.

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11:30am–2:00pm Luncheon Ballroom

12:15pm Keynote Speaker: Morley Stone, Ph.D. Chief Scientist , 711th

Human Performance Wing

"The changing landscape of human performance – future sensing paradigms"

Morley Stone, Ph.D.

Chief Scientist 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

Abstract: In all human endeavors, there is a desire to push the limits of human performance – operations within the

Air Force are no exception. From aviation to ground operations, traditional stressors such as fatigue are being

compounded by the need to process ever-increasing amounts of information. This deluge of information caused by

sensor and bandwidth proliferation makes human-intensive operations, such as decision making, increasingly

complicated. Traditional approaches to alleviate this problem have relied upon increases in manpower (the

―brainpower‖) to sift, prioritize, and act upon this mountain of information. Increasingly, the Department of Defense

and the Air Force are realizing that this solution is untenable. Within the Human Performance Wing, we realize that

advances in the biosciences, e.g., neuroscience, and nanoscience and engineering, e.g., nanoparticle assays, are keys

to pushing human capacity past traditionally accepted limitations. This talk will examine this frontier and outline

efforts to reach novel, multi-disciplinary approaches to redefine human performance.

Morley O. Stone is Chief Scientist, 711th

Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory. Prior to this

assignment, Dr. Stone was appointed Senior Scientist (ST), Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Human

Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RH) and Chair, Bio-X Strategic Technology

Thrust (STT) for AFRL. Prior to this assignment, Morley was Chief, Hardened Materials Branch, Materials and

Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX). From 2003-2006, he was detailed as a Program Manager with the Defense

Sciences Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA/DSO). His Ph.D. in biochemistry is

from Carnegie Mellon University and he worked in the biotechnology/materials science area for 17 years before

entering the human performance area 3 years ago. In 2005, he was elected Fellow of AFRL and received Carnegie

Mellon‘s Alumni Merit Award. In 2006, he was awarded the OSD medal for Exceptional Civilian Service and 2007

elected Fellow of the International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE).

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1:00pm Plenary Speaker: Robert W. McMillan, Ph.D ST, Senior Research Scientist, US

Army Space and Missile Defense Command Army Strategic Forces Command Redstone

Arsenal, AL

“Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Radar Systems‖

Abstract: Fluctuations of the index of refraction in the atmosphere cause several different problems for radar

systems operating in this environment, particularly in the atmospheric boundary layer where fluctuations are

strongest. Index of refraction changes cause selective cancellation and enhancement of propagated signals, giving

rise to fluctuations in the power level at the radar receiver. These same variations cause some degree of beam

steering, resulting in changes in the angle of arrival (AOA) of radar signals. This effect is generally not severe, but

could cause problems in command-guided applications, for example. A third effect, thermal blooming, is not a

significant problem for radar systems because the power densities in the beams are generally low.

This presentation considers AOA and power fluctuation effects. An AOA theory is developed and applied to one-

way propagation of an X-band signal over a 3.5 km path, with good agreement. This experiment used an

interferometric radar with a 5m spacing between receivers to measure the very small AOAs.

Power fluctuations caused by turbulence result in decreased detection probability. When combined with target

angular fluctuations and clutter and noise, these problems can be significant. The detection probability is considered

as a function of transmitted power for Swerling I and III targets in lognormal and Weibull-distributed clutter and

Gaussian background and receiver noise. The results show, not surprisingly, that transmitting additional power does

little to mitigate the clutter problem and may make it worse in some cases.

Finally, the effect of turbulence on the detection of ultrawideband pulses is considered. These calculations apply to

time domain radars, which have found to be useful in applications such as wall penetration and range imaging, and

to laser ranging and designator systems. Calculations show that the detection probability as a function of false alarm

rate decreases with decreasing pulse width but actually improves if the level of turbulence fluctuations is increased.

This latter phenomenon is ascribed to the increased likelihood that more extreme fluctuations will cause the receiver

threshold to be exceeded.

The effects of turbulence on radar systems varies from almost insignificant for AOA to considerable when combined

with clutter, target fluctuations, and noise. Ultrawideband systems are also degraded by turbulence. fluctuations will

cause the receiver threshold to be exceeded.

2:00pm-5:00pm SEMINAR Ballroom

Session Title Location

Coherent Imaging & Materials Seminar/Workshop- Ballroom

◦ Ferromagnetic Devices & Novel RF Materials – (Dr. Vince Harris)

◦ THz Impulse Radar for Medical Imaging, and its successful transition to the

UCLA Medical School (Dr. Elliot Brown)

◦ THz Technology development occurring at the new THz Sensors Lab

◦ IDCAST-Imaging Techniques (Dr. Gilbert Pacey)

◦ Software Defined Reconfigurable Radar – DEMO & Presentation (Optimal

synthesis Inc)

4:00-5:00 Panel Discussion Topic – Millimeter Wave Radar & Image Fusion

Posters – (In Back of Room)

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Day 2 – Thursday, July 15, 2010

Time Event Location

7:30am-8:30am Registration/Continental Collage Hallway

8:30am-11:30am Tutorial & Panel Discussion Amphitheatre

Tutorial: Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA): Milestone Decisions, Critical

Technology Elements (CTEs) And Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)

Chair/Speakers: Keith Jones, PhD and Mark Longbrake, Air Force Institute of Technology

9:00am-11:30am

Session Title Location

II Novel Devices & Systems Kitty Hawk

Chair: Jason Heikenfeld, University of Cincinnati

ND01 Energy Pooling Kinetics in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ericka Acosta Abstract-Laser excitation of the lowest electronic state in atomic rubidium leads to emission from more than 30 atomic states

when the alkali concentration and laser intensity is scaled for Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers. The energy pooling and nonlinear

optical processes leading to this emission has been experimentally investigated

ND02 Novel Electrofluidic Reflective Modulation, University of Cincinnati, E. Kreit Abstract-The ability to selectively conceal and reveal color is of great interest to many fields with many applications including

camouflage, e-paper, point of purchase displays, and video capable displays. Presented herein is a novel electrofluidic approach

that has high contrast ratio, low power consumption and a superior white state reflectance.

ND03 Universal Retroreflectors, University of Cincinnati, Phillip Schultz Abstract-Friend identification of soldiers and air/ground vehicles in fast paced battle environments is a challenge for any military

operation. The University of Cincinnati‘s Novel Device Laboratory is addressing this issue by creating a new switchable

retroreflector technique, based on electro-optic diffusers and electrowetting.

ND04 Low power flip-flops with low leakage current, Islamic Azad University, Milad Kaboli Abstract—With shrink dimension and reduced working voltage and threshold voltage in CMOS technology, increase the leakage

currents exponentially and its share of total power consumption is high. In these conditions Disable inactive parts of the circuit

under different conditions of work it can be effective in reducing power consumption. In this paper reviewed the methods of

leakage current control, flip flop is introduced that can receive in both clock edges. the number of low-transistor,low

capacitor,low current leakage and low power consumption advantages of the proposed structure is low.

ND05 A Low Voltage High Frequency Four Quadrant Analoge Multiplier, Islamic Azad University, Milad Kaboli Abstract—A new low voltage four-quadrant analog multiplier Circuit with high frequency on voltage mode is presented. The

multiplier has gigahertz frequency response is suitable to use in communication system. The circuit is based on 90 nm CMOS

technology simulated using hspice software. The circuit operates using the supply voltage of ±1V and the cut off frequency is 5.6

GHz .This technique provides GHz bandwidth response and low power consumption.

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9:00am-10:00am Thursday

Session Title Location

VI Biomedical Sensing Armstrong

Chair: Nikolaos Bourbakis, Wright State University

BS01 SMART HOMES: DESIGN OF A FORMAL LANGUAGE FOR REPRESENTING BODY POSITIONS, Wright

State University, Nicholas A. Bourbakis Abstract-The demographic imperative for the US and many other industrialized countries is that the number of people at risk and

especially older adults and young children will increase dramatically in the next 50 years. Many older adults will become

chronically ill and frail, and over half will have at least some cognitive impairment. A major challenge will be to keep them

safely at home for as long as possible for 2 reasons: (1) home is where most people want to be and (2) institutionalization is

simply too expensive. Technology solutions to people at risk, lifelong or acquired with age, are commonly considered.

Wheelchairs with sensory capabilities provide mobility for millions of people with physical impairments. However, the long-term

reliance on the upper limbs for mobility and performing daily activities has led to an increase in the prevalence of repetitive strain

injuries (RSI) and reports of pain. Advances in sensor communication and IT have enabled health care providers to monitor and

manage chronic diseases and detect potentially urgent or emergent conditions. Health monitoring in the home environment can be

accomplished by either or both of the following: a) Ambulatory monitors that utilize wearable/implanted sensors and devices to

record physiological signals; b) Sensors embedded in the home environment and furnishings to collect behavioral and

physiological data unobtrusively. Acceptance and positive psychological impact of monitoring technology have been confirmed

in studies that have included people with dementia as well as other chronic conditions. Thus, this paper deals with one of the

major challenges by developing a formal language to represent human body positions for later automated tracking, monitoring

and interpreting of body motion (signatures) in a smart home environment. More specifically, the formal representation of the

body positions is presented by using Local Global graphs and the formal modeling of the language is described.

BS02 THE DESIGN OF A WHMS SPECIAL PURPOSE PROCESSOR FOR SPEEDING UP BODY SIGNAL

PROCESSING, Wright State University, Nicholas A. Bourbakis Abstract-Wearable Health-Monitoring Systems (WHMS) represent the new generation of health care by providing real-time

unobtrusive monitoring of patients‘ physiological parameters through the deployment of several on-body and even intra-body

biosensors. Although several technological issues regarding WHMS still need to be resolved, in order for them to become more

applicable in real-life scenarios, it is expected that continuous ambulatory monitoring of vital signs will enable pro-active

personal health management and better treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases, of the elderly population and of

emergency situations.

One of the challenging point in today‘s WHMS systems is the real-time processing of the body signals selected by the wearable

sensors. In addition, the use of general purpose processors on the WHMS boards increases their cost and size as well. In this

paper we propose a special purpose processor based on an extended version of the UAL-processor, called UAL-Prognosis

Processor, as an alternative solution. UAL processor is a 32 bit RISC-CISC processor with 16 instructions capable to efficiently

perform complex tasks. The UAL-Prognosis is also a 32 bit processor with 32 instructions. Here we present the design and the

capabilities of the UAL-Prognosis processor.

BS03 Network Calibration of Embedded Sensors, Case Western University, Chris Papachristou Abstract-The focus of this project is to provide methods for calibration of sensor nodes in sensor networks. The importance of the

calibration problem is to compensate for the sensor reading drifts that occur due to systematic errors, noise or sensor degradation.

The objective is to provide calibration techniques that apply on collaborative sensors autonomously, i.e. without supervision. Our

work involves: a) distributed procedures to identify erroneous sensors; and b) a simulator framework for a sensor net drift

calibration setups.

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9:00am-11:30am Thursday

Session Title Location

IIIb Radar Signal & Image Processing Wright/Earhart

Chairs: Julie Jackson & Olga Mendoza-Schrock

Air Force Institute of Technology & Air Force Research Laboratory

RI09 GPU-enabled High Performance Feature Modeling for ATR Applications, Louisiana Tech University,

Sumeet Dua Abstract- Computational methods for automatic target recognition are constrained by the need to analyze increasingly high-

dimensional sensor data in real time. Parallel processing has the potential to speed up computational bottlenecks in many ATR

methods. We will implement parallelized versions of target tracking methods and discuss gains in algorithm completion time.

RI10 SUMATRA: Supervised Modeling of ATR Algorithms, Scientific Systems Company, Ranga Narayanaswami Abstract- SUMATRA is a system for performance prediction and modeling of operator in the loop ATR systems. SUMATRA

relates physics and geometry-based vectors (such as target feature visibility, image resolution, time of day) and operator in loop

demands (dwell time, work-load, training, event rate etc.) to prediction of false alarm rates.

RI11 Multitarget Tracking Performance Analysis Using the Non-Credibility Index in the Nonlinear Estimation

Framework, Air Force Research Laboratory, Erik Blasch Abstract- Target tracking, nonlinear control, and fault control typically assessed with a Root Mean Square (RMS) error. RMS is

an absolute measurement and does not provide a statistic as to the tracker, controller, or fault control performance relative to

target maneuvers, sensor errors, state estimation, or model fidelity. For this paper, we investigate the non-credibility index (NCI)

and the average normalized estimation error squared (ANESS) as compared to the RMS for a multitarget tracking scenario. We

compare the performance analysis of the linear Central difference filter (CDF) and Kalman filter with that of the nonlinear

approaches of the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the particle filter (PF). The performance analysis and target tracking

filters are developed using the Nonlinear Estimation Framework (NEF) toolbox, from which additional performance analysis,

tracking scenarios, and filter designs can be compared and assessed in a common framework.

RI12 Optimization of Image Fusion Using Genetic Algorithms and the Discrete Wavelet Transform, Salient Frame,

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Chante Lacewell Abstract — In this paper, image fusion is used to produce an accurate fused image using discrete wavelet transform (DWT)

feature extraction technique and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The performance of the proposed image fusion technique is evaluated

by mutual information and root mean square error. It is also compared to the fused image that is generated by using pixel level

GA based image fusion and DWT based image fusion techniques. Experimental results conducted with DWT and GA

demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms existing image fusion techniques.

RI13 Salient Frame Extraction Using Support Vector Regression and Motion Features, Louisiana Tech University,

Xian Du Abstract—We present a new support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to extract salient frames from videos. We use optical

flow to describe motion in frames and an adaptive SVR to identify the abrupt change of content in frame sequences. We show

that the proposed algorithm is computationally simple and effective in detecting salient frames in video sequences.

RI14 Multi-Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Video Stabilization, Wright State University, Wu Yang Abstract—This paper presents an efficient multiresolution video stabilization algorithm based on the Scale Invariant Feature

Transform (SIFT) algorithm. The algorithm utilizes the Haar wavelet transformation of registered images, reducing the memory

consumption while maintaining accuracy of the feature points, which we will quantitatively contrast in the paper.

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10:00am-11:30am Thursday

Session Title Location

XIa Bio-Inspired UAVs (Chair: Leamon Viveros ) Armstrong

BIU01 Real-time Vehicle Detection, Tracking, and Recognition, Tennessee State University, Fenghui Yao Abstract: This paper describes the real-time vehicle detection, tracking, and recognition by using the live video generated by the

pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras mounted on the building wall. First, the vehicles are detected by employing the dynamic

background subtraction method. Next, the tracking is performed based on similarity measure calculation. Then the detected

vehicles are recognized to determine the vehicle type, color, and moving direction. The experiments are conducted under various

conditions such as sunny, cloudy, and rainy weather. The processing time per frame is from 23 ms to 31 ms, (depending on

network traffic). The proposed method is fast and effective.

BIU02 Sensor-based allocation for path planning and area coverage, Air Force Research Laboratory, Erik Blasch Abstract-The goal of the project is to incorporate situational awareness methods and performance evaluation using distributed

wireless sensor networks, area coverage, and path planning. Generalized measures of performance are determined for a

performance analysis. Using a variety of techniques in the literature, we propose a method of analysis for dynamic resource

management for decision support.

BIU03, A GMTI Method via Comparing Two Consecutive Phase Difference Maps of the Same Target Area for Small

UAVs, DCM Research Resources, LLC., Xhonghai Wang

Abstract – In this paper, we present a Ground moving target indication (GMTI) method based on the analysis of the two phase

difference maps (PDM) of the same target scene obtained by one antenna phase center on a slow moving platform. For small

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) only one antenna is available to detect moving targets. Using a single antenna and the two

PDMs method, odd numbered spatial samples are used to construct the first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and the even

numbered spatial samples are used to construct the second SAR image of the same target scene. The along track neighboring

pixels phase difference is calculated for each image; and, thus two PDMs are generated. The phase difference values of the

corresponding pixels in the two PDMs are almost the same if there are only static objects in the target scene; while if there is a

moving target with a reasonable speed in one pixel, it will generate extra phase change based on the phase change generated by

the platform motion. The extra phase change generated by the moving target would be detected in comparing the two PDMs, and

thus the moving target is detected. Simulations conducted confirm that the proposed method can detect ground moving targets

with very low speeds.

8:30am-11:30am Thursday

Session Title Location

X Aerodynamic Control Systems, Power & Smart Sensors Lindbergh/Patterson

Chair: Robert Ewing, Air Force Research Laboratory

APS01 Advanced ChipScale Integration of High-Efficiency DC/DC Power Converters, University of Toledo,

Krishna Shenai Abstract- We report on disruptive chip-scale integration of 120V/1V, 50W DC/DC power converters using breakthrough silicon

and GaN power semiconductor devices, CMOS control IC, MEMS inductor and micro-chip capacitor assembled using novel

"Quilt Packaging" and micro cooling to achieve > 90% power conversion efficiency.

APS02 Performance Evaluation of Silicon and Gallium Nitride Power FETs for DC/DC Power Converter

Applications, University of Toledo, Krishna Shenai Abstract-Detailed performance evaluation of state-of-the-art silicon and GaN power FETs in 120V/12V, 50W and 12V/1V, 10W

DC/DC converters is reported. Novel GaN power FETs and silicon MOS power diodes are also evaluated that show promise for

> 90% efficiency when switched at 5 MHz in a synchronous buck converter topology.

APS03 Reliability of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Power Switching Devices, University of Toledo, Krishna

Shenai Abstract- Long-term field-reliability of GaN and SiC power switching devices is discussed based on experimental results

obtained by stressing devices in the on-state and during switching. A new static reverse bias stress test circuit with a reactive load

is proposed to delineate devices prone to field-failures caused by bulk material defects.

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APS04 Effect of Voltage Scaling on Soft Error Protection Methods for SRAMs, Case Western University, Vuriy

Shiyanovskii Abstract. As voltage and process technology scales the critical charge, Qcrit, rapidly decreases for SRAM cells. The SEU

protection methods that are currently used to increase the level of protection of the SRAM cells do not factor in performance and

power consumption optimization . In this paper, we analyze the tradeoffs of voltage scaling between performance, power and

SEU reliability for standard hardened cell, an alternative power efficient SRAMT cell for 32nm and 45nm,and a capacitive-based

cell for 130nm process technologies. We also introduce a design space exploration and comparison technique with the goal to

produce an optimized SRAM design using various SEU protection methods based on a set of specifications (performance, power

consumption, SEU reliability, process technology, supply voltage) for a specific design.

APS05 Linearity testing of Analog to Digital Converters(ADC) using imprecise sinusoidal excitations, Iowa State

University, Bharath Vasan Abstract- Two new methods of extracting parametric test results from code density data for testing high-performance ADCs

using imprecise sinusoidal excitations is presented. Simulation results show that these methods can be used to accurately

characterize ADC parameters like the Integral-Non-Linearity (INL) and Differential-Non-Linearity (DNL) with sinusoidal

excitations lesser than 50dB pure, thus making the methods viable alternatives for both Production testing and Built In Self Test

(BIST) of ADCs. The standard approach to quasi-static testing of A/D converters requires precision test instruments to either

provide very precise excitations or to take precise measurements of the I/O characteristics of the ADC. This approach

necessitates the use of expensive testers at production test, makes it difficult or impossible to de-embed these key analog

components so that they can be presented to the input of the tester, and makes it difficult or impossible to do calibration when

precision test equipment is not available. BIST of ADCs would allow meeting the aforementioned challenges. Although useful

BIST methods for testing many digital circuits have evolved, few if any practical methods for testing high-performance ADCs

have been proposed and there is little evidence of industrial use of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) BIST methods for ADC or

DAC testing in commercial or aerospace products. In this work, we extend the two methods to using imprecise sinusoidal signals

as stimuli for testing 16-bit representation of flash type ADCs. The two sinusoidal signals are functional related by a constant

voltage shift. As illustrated in the figure, two imprecise sinusoidal signals, differing by a constant voltage, are used to obtain two

sets of code density data. Important modifications to [1] and [2] are made to process the code density data to characterize the INL

and the DNL of the CUT. Recently, a modified version of [2] was presented in [3] for imprecise sinusoidal excitations. We show

that our approach provides more accurate results than [3], at the same time requiring simpler circuitry and lesser number of

samples than [3].The Simple circuitry required for signal generators allows for on-chip implementation of the excitations, and

hence a BIST solution

APS06 Metamaterials for Microwave Frequencies, University of Dayton, Mark Patterson Abstract— In this paper, the current state of metamaterials is discussed with reference to fields of interest, research efforts,

advantages and limitations, and applications. While the range of frequencies at which metamaterials work extends past the visible

light range, the scope of this paper will be the electromagnetic spectrum from GHz to THz.

APS07 Automatic Loop Shaping of QFT Robust Controllers with Multi-Objective Specifications via Nonlinear

Quadratic, Case Western University, M. Garcia-Sanz Abstract—This paper introduces a new methodology to synthesize automatically robust controllers in the Quantitative Feedback

Theory (QFT) framework. The method avoids the classical gridding of the controller‘s phase, and deals with multi-objective

specifications and parametric uncertainty in the plant model. By tacking the required robust stability and robust performance

specifications, and grouping them into two nonlinear quadratic inequalities, the method derives a nonlinear and frequency-

dependent expression for the controller magnitude, which is independent of the controller phase. Then, by evaluating this

expression for every frequency of interest, and using a least-square-type algorithm with phase constraints to find the parameters

of an a priory fix order controller structure, the method finds automatically the most appropriate controller parameters to meet all

the multi-objective specifications for all the plants within the uncertainty. The method is exemplified with a DC motor control

application.

APS08 High-Level Control Methods for Autonomous Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhesheng Jiang Abstract—Systems that can change their behavior in response to unanticipated events during operation are called autonomous.

Autonomous systems are playing an increasingly important role in both civilian and military applications. The central

characteristics of autonomous systems are their abilities to sense, to learn, and to control the environment in which they operate.

Based on a layered autonomy model, research on high-level control methods is conducted in this paper. At the highest level of

the autonomy model, either adaptive or robust control can be used to interact with uncertain, unstructured and dynamic

environments. Their possible implementations and future research directions are discussed as well.

APS09 Radar Target Discrimination Using Neural Networks, Sejong University, Joon-Ho Lee Abstract—Time domain response based neural network and frequency domain response based neural network have been

proposed for radar target recognition. In this paper, we propose a natural frequency based neural network for radar target

recognition. Our scheme makes advantage of an aspect angle independence of a natural frequency.

20

11:45am–1:45pm Luncheon Ballroom 12:15pm Keynote Speaker: Steven C. Suddarth, Ph.D. Director of the Configurable Space Microsystems

―Making a Molehill out of a Mountain: How we Ignore Information in War at Our

Own Peril‖

Steve Suddarth, PhD

Abstract: Computing power per dollar (or watt of energy) doubles about every 18 months; hard disk storage about

every 12 months, memory about every 18 months; display pixels about every two years. The most famous of these

trends is also instructive to understand the forces behind them. In 1965, Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel

Corporation described how electronic devices reduce in area by half about every 18 months, thus doubling

computing capability. It turns out that ―Moore‘s Law‖ is actually pessimistic because of other effects (such as faster

clock speeds with smaller devices) and therefore most ―exponential‖ trends are actually ―super-exponential‖,

meaning that their doubling times are often decreasing.i Modern exponential trends, along with population growth

and rate of Internet use has led to a number alarming, if controversial views about the future of World society.

Clearly this is the information age and an era of unprecedented change, but what does it mean? Will the trends

continue indefinitely? Or will they hit a technological wall similar to what happened with aviation in the 1960‘s?

Even if these trends continue, will they keep making profound changes to our life and society? How do they affect

our security?

Dr. Steve Suddarth is the Director of the Configurable Space Microsystems Innovations and Applications Center

(COSMIAC) at the University of New Mexico. As such, he is responsible for leading a funded collaboration

between Academe, Government and Industry to ensure design success and deployment of reconfigurable systems in

space, military and civil applications, with particular interest in small, low-cost spacecraft. Steve has also served

key leadership positions on active duty in the Air Force and U.S. Strategic Command. Key achievements included

designing and leading development the first-ever 3-dimensional neural processor and a major deployed battlefield

reconnaissance system. Steve holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and is also

a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, the Brazilian Air Command and Staff College, and the U.S. Air War

College.

21

1:00pm Plenary Speaker: Erik P. Blasch, Ph.D Defence R&D Canada at Valcartier , Air Force Research Laboratory

―Simultaneous Tracking and Identification for Persistent Surveillance‖ Abstract: Persistent surveillance involves intelligent monitoring and sensor exploitation of a geographical area for

situational awareness, behavioral analysis, and site security. In this talk, we will highlight developments in

simultaneous tracking and identification (STID) methods from radar, electro-optical, and hyperspectral imagery and

signals to provide a common operating picture (COP) to the user. In a net-centric, layered architecture, we highlight

the need for pragmatic user involvement, multi-modal information fusion, and standard evaluation metrics to

provide tracking and identification of all targets in the area of interest.

ERIK BLASCH is currently on exchange to Defence R&D Canada at Valcartier in the Future C2 Concepts and

Structures Group of the C2 Decision Support Systems Section. Prior to the sabbatical, Dr. Blasch was the

Information Fusion Evaluation Tech Lead for the Air Force Research Laboratory - COMprehensive Performance

Assessment of Sensor Exploitation (COMPASE) Center (AFRL/RYAA), Adjunct EE and BME Professor in at

Wright State University (WSU) and Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), and a reserve Maj with the Air Force

Office of Scientific Research (AFRL/AFOSR). Dr. Blasch has won 30+ robotics contests and was part of a team to

be the first to automate a helicopter in 1994. He was a founding member of the International Society of Information

Fusion (ISIF) in 1998 and the 2007 ISIF President. Dr. Blasch has focused on Automatic Target Recognition,

Targeting Tracking, and Information Fusion research compiling 300+ scientific papers and book chapters. He is

active in ISIF, IEEE (AES and SMC), and SPIE. Dr. Blasch received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992 and Master‘s Degrees in Mechanical (‗94), Health Science (‗95), and

Industrial Engineering (‗95) (Human Factors) from Georgia Tech and attended University of Wisconsin for an

MD/PHD in Mech. Eng/Neurosciences (‗95-97) until being called to Active Duty in the United States Air Force. He

completed an MBA(‗98), MSEE(‗98), MS Econ(‗99), MS/PhD Psychology (ABD) (‗01), and a PhD in Electrical

Engineering (‗99) from Wright State University and is a graduate of Air War College (‗08). He is a Fellow of SPIE.

22

1:45pm-2:15pm Invited Speaker- Michael V. OL, PhD. Air Force Research Laboratory Ballroom

Bio-Inspired Miniature Aircraft: [Re-] Learning Agile Flight from Nature

Michael V. OL, PhD Air Force Research Laboratory It has become almost a hackneyed adage that the Wright brothers were inspired in their glider designs, and

eventually powered aircraft designs, from watching buzzards. And of course there is the immortal story of Daedalus

and Icarus strapping bird-like wings to their arms – and flying too close to the sun. But the story of 20th

century

aviation success really begins by understanding that what is efficient and practical in nature is not necessarily that

way in engineering machinery. Thus we have the jet engine and the rocket, metal and composite structures,

rotorcraft and sleek aircraft that cover in a few hours what would take migrating birds several weeks or months.

However, no man-made aircraft can match the bat for its turn rate, the bumblebee for its precision hover,

the fruitfly for its unobtrusiveness, or the June bug for its ability to bounce off walls and keep on going. Radio-

controlled airplanes and their military cousins – small and micro UAVs – have demonstrated impressive aerobatics,

but natural flyers are even more aerobatic – and more robust in windy environments. It would appear that the

smaller the airplane, the more we have yet to learn from nature.

Small flight vehicles can operate indoors or in the so-called ―urban canyon‖, gathering information and

delivering payloads that a manned aircraft or larger UAV simply can not. They offer vast and untapped potential for

ISR, tagging, and all sorts of military and civilian missions. The challenge is turning the science fiction into real

science. To get there, we look towards bio-inspiration.

Small flyers stand to benefit from bio-inspiration for many reasons, including: vehicles at the size/scale of

small flying animals may benefit from flight modalities akin to those animals; the aerodynamics of flight at small

scale and low speeds is different from that of jets and rockets – so maybe adaptations in nature are useful templates;

a small flyer that looks like a natural flyer can hide in plain sight; and bio-inspiration offers intriguing suggestions

for energy harvesting and transduction, sensing, obstacle avoidance and mechanical robustness.

In this talk, we will survey some recent manmade flight vehicles inspired by birds, bats and insects. Two

themes emerge: flapping-wings, and the maneuver of ―perching‖. We will view examples of maneuvers of natural

flyers, and will show some ground-tests of engineering platforms inspired by the natural flyers. In this talk, our

focus will be on aerodynamics and flight mechanics, but the full solution to bio-inspired micro UAVs is highly

multidisciplinary, and will require collaboration between engineers and biologists. For the biologist, the question is

also why nature does what it does – and then to generalize these observations into a working theory. For the

aeronautical engineer, the ultimate objective is very different – it is concerned with distilling knowledge of why

nature does what it does, into actionable design decisions. But the basic question when observing nature is entirely

the same: why nature does what it does? That question has not changed since the Wright brothers – or really, since

Icarus and Daedalus.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23

2:30pm-5:30pm Thursday

Session Title Location

Tec^Edge Student Research Presentations Kitty Hawk

Chair: Rob Williams, Tec^Edge

1. Tec^Edge Summer at the Edge - Rob Williams

2. Cowpath (Ohio ODA) - Kevin

3. pocketLST - Ting Sa (maybe more of a textbook tutorial on Android for OpenLST application)

4. Virtual World - Student (a demo of the public domain Second Life would be good)

5. Human Intent Prediction - Andrew Dos Santos

6. Dragonfly MAV - Peter Gaylor - emphasize "experiential learning".

7. Robotics - Focus on Mini Urban Challenge support

8. MAVRIC - Matt Henrich

9. Wrap Up discussion (exploration of collaboration) - Rob Williams

24

2:30pm-5:30pm Thursday

Session Title Location

XI b Bio-Inspired Systems and Biomedical Applications Lindergh/Patterson

Chair: Hoda S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Oakland University

BIB01 Spiking Neural Network E-NOSE Classifier on a 0.5 um CMOS Tiny-Chip, Oakland University, Hoda

S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Jacob N. Allen, Robert L. Ewing Abstract-Hardware E-Nose system classification is a challenging task. This paper presents our system architecture for chemicals

classifiers, with our recently developed Sampling Spiking Neural Network (SSNN-1) approach. The SSNN-1system classifier is

implemented on a 0.5 um CMOS technology tiny-chip designed to work in conjunction with a 256K external SRAM memory. It

handles the routing of spike signal among 32,000 synapses and 255 neurons. At the same time, it tracks and records learning

statistics. The chip can be used in parallel with other SSNN co processors for very large systems. Experimental measurements

using the Cyranose 320 sensor array and the SSNN-1 classifier are presented and results compare favorably to other E-Nose

classification systems. . The SSNN-1 is unique in its minimal yet powerful design with on chip learning and parallel monitoring

to detect binary odor patterns with high noise environment.

BIB02 Towards Biomimetic Stereo Vision, USC, Benjamin L. Raskob and Alice Parker Abstract-Robotic stereo vision has made great strides in the last few decades, but the state-of-the-art still falls far short of the

capabilities of the mammalian visual cortex. This is in part due to the highly distributed and parallel computational architecture of

the visual cortex, and partly due to a difference in design philosophy; most artificial vision systems largely treat stereo vision as a

front-end sensor that creates 3D data to be processed later in order to do obstacle detection, object segmentation, or object

recognition, but the visual cortex addresses all of these challenges concurrently. In this paper we examine this difference in

design philosophy as well as summarize what is known and what is still unknown by neuroscientists concerning binocular depth

perception in the mammalian visual cortex. We then introduce a novel biomimetic method of modeling binocular neurons in the

striate cortex as complex wavelets that we feel is a promising step towards replicating biological stereo vision.

BIB03 Differential Elasticity for Network Resilience, Oakland University, Nancy Alrajei and Fatma Mili Abstract- Networked computers and systems are by nature vulnerable to malicious attacks such as denial of service attacks. Many

approaches have been developed for creating resiliency within networks through redundancy in functionality and communication.

The underlying principle behind such redundancy is that should one node or one path become unavailable, other nodes or paths

can be used in its stead filling the same role. A form of redundancy that has been proposed in the literature consists of k-

connectivity where k is a natural number; the higher k, the higher is the redundancy and the more resilient is the network. K-

connectivity is the property by which the network will stay connected even after any k-nodes have become incapacitated. This

type of redundancy can be seen as adding ―thickness‖ to the network. The network is effectively a tissue with k-layers whose

integrity will take more than k attacks to be disrupted. While effective, this approach is costly. In this paper, we build on the

concept of k-connectivity by choosing to make the network, 1. Combining thickness with elasticity through an adaptive and

dynamic concept of connectivity. 2. Using selective directions of elasticity. Not all nodes are subjected to the same pressures and

not all tears are equally critical. We use critical paths in the network to select directions of elasticity. Initial simulation results will

be used to validate this approach.

BIB04 Ionic Liquids and Their Applications as Orthogonal Gas Sensing Materials for EQCM Sensor Array,

Oakland University, Xiangqun Zeng, Kuangyu, Lei Yu, Xiaoxia Jin, Yue Huang, Andrew Mason and Joseph

Stetter Abstract- Gas sensors are of increasing interests due to their various applications. Ionic liquids (ILs) with their distinctive

properties are potential new materials for gas detections. In this presentation, we will show examples that the absorption of

analytes and the redox behavior of the electroactive analytes in the IL can be simultaneously measured by Electrochemical and

Quartz Crystal Microbalance transducers. This significant advantage provides simultaneous determination of two properties of

the target analyte [sorption/partition interactions with the IL and analyte redox properties] in real-time. These complementary

data can cross-validate the measurement results, add selectivity, and significantly increase the accuracy for the detection. We

will also discuss an innovative coating method that immobilizes IL on the conductive polymer (CP) template that significantly

enhances the IL based gas sensor sensitivity, stability and specificity.

25

BIB05 Hyper-Fuzzy Modeling and Control for Bio-Inspired Radar Processing, Oakland University, O.M. Salim,

H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy and M.A. Zohdy Abstract-Modern RF Radar signal processing has been receiving much attention for wide range of domains that include

industrial, environmental, and military applications. Inherently, the received raw spatial-temporal signals can be 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D

and are usually of uncertain nature, because of changing conditions and optical background variations. In this paper, we apply

novel concepts for hyper-fuzzy theoretical membership that allow for incorporation of variables attribute definitions uncertainties

and their associated rule bases for the ultimate purpose of effective evidential inference and subsequent learning of key features

in the radar processing. Application to wide-band angle of arrival data sets has been carried out in order to illustrate the

strengths as well weakness of the approach. Using an interval set-based hyper-fuzzy processing together with incipient threshold

and segmentation of the data is proved useful and gave high sensitivity of detection.

BIB06 Study Cell-Substrate Interactions using Label Free Sensor Technology, Oakland University, Xiangqun Zeng Zhihong Shen, Yanyan Wang, Welian Qiu, Heping Yan, Ray Mernaugh, Peng G. Wang

Abstract-The mechanistic understanding of the molecular biology of cells is an active area of research that is fundamental to

all of the biological sciences. In this presentation, we will show a few examples to study cell-substrate interactions using real

time non invasive label free sensor technology ( i.e. Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Surface Plasmon resonance and

potentiometry). Several new sensor recognition elements (i.e. recombinant antibodies, peptides, lectins, carbohydrates) and their

use for studying cell-substrate interactions with label free transducers will be discussed. This presentation will illustrate the

advantages of developing a label free microarray format for high throughput measurement of cell-substrate interactions in a

quantitative, real time manner with high sensitivity and specificity but limited size, weight and power consumption.

BIB07 An Inexpensive Accelerometer-Based Sleep-Apnea Screening Technique, Oakland University, C. Bucklin,

S.Luo, and M. Dai Abstract-Human body is a good example of a distributed control system consisting of a number of independently working organs

that are controlled by a central command and control unit, the brain. However, the activities of many of these organs are

somewhat intertwined and synergistic in nature. As a result of this, their characteristic bio-signals tend to exhibit some

interdependency. This paper presents an inexpensive sleep-apnea screening technique by exploiting the above interdependency of

various bio-signals. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent disorder that manifests itself in breathing pauses

during deeper stages of sleep. Besides daytime sleepiness, OSA plays a significant role in disorders such as hypertension, cardiac

dysfunction, cognitive deficits and memory loss, and it is also suspected to play a role in the Metabolic Syndrome. In spite of

rapid advances in medical instrumentation and computer based diagnostic techniques, full-channel polysomnography (PSG) is

still the most popular technique for monitoring sleep apnea disorders. It involves extensive overnight recording of many body

functions during sleep, such as, electrocardiogram (ECG) for monitoring cardiac signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) for

monitoring brain signals, electromyogram (EMG) for monitoring muscle activities, and electrooculugram (EOG) for monitoring

eye movements. Such a test involves overnight stay of a patient in a sleep-apnea test facility, connecting multiple probes to the

different parts of the patient‘s body, and recording the above signals using expensive electronic instruments. Subsequent analysis

and interpretation of the recorded data also requires special training and skills. Recently, a few studies have shown that either a

single ECG signal or a respiratory signal collected from a three-axis accelerometer can be processed to extract some sleep-apnea

information similar to what can be gathered from more expensive and elaborate PSG tests. This is of significant interest to the

medical community, because such a preliminary screening can be carried out at home using a simple electronic device and can

result in significant cost savings by eliminating the need for more expensive PSG tests in most cases. Although inexpensive

sleep-apnea screening devices are of significant interest, the techniques proposed to date seem to have some drawbacks. For

instance, the piezoelectric accelerometer is a very expensive sensing device, which precludes its usage in an inexpensive

screening device. Also, the signal processing algorithm is rather complicated to implement in an inexpensive screening device. In

contrast, the technique proposed here is based on inexpensive capacitive accelerometer sensors, and uses signal processing

algorithms that are relatively easy to implement. Simple techniques for extraction of a respiratory signal and airflow information

from the accelerometer data are presented, and detection of both hypopnea and OSA events are discussed. Also, experimental

results based on recorded sleep data are presented to illustrate the idea.

BIB008 Recombinant Antibody (scFv) and Their Applications in Biosensor Development, Oakland University,

Xiangqun Zeng, Zhihong Shen, Ray Mernaugh and Heping Yan Abstract-An Immunoassay is based on the reaction of an analyte/antigen with a specific antibody forming an Ab-Ag complex.

The properties of the antibody either immobilized or labeled often limits the accuracy, the precision, and the detection limits of

an immunoassay. In this talk, a few examples will be discussed to demonstrate that (1) the engineered scFv piezoimmunosensors

reduced the non specific adsorption from serum proteins; increased sensitivity and specificity for the detection of the target

antigen; (2) multiple scFv based immunosensors are robust (stable) and reliable (few false positive and false negative detections)

for detecting of the important clinically relevant antigens in biological samples; These examples will illustrate the outstanding

attribute of scFvs as a better recognition element for immunosensor development that can improve sensitivity and specificity and

reduce befouling in clinical diagnostics and clarify some questions addressed in disease diagnostic, monitoring and treatment.

26

BIB009 XML Defined Custom Microprocessors using Rapid Hardware Definition Language, Oakland University,

Jacob N. Allen, Hoda S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy and Robert L. Ewing Abstract-Rapid HDL is an object oriented software library for scripting the generation of synthesizable Verilog. A fully

functional customized microprocessor is defined and automatically synthesized for an FPGA from an XML specification file.

Using a library of blocks, a microprocessor fabric is defined in XML. Control states specify the connections between the fabric

blocks during microprocessor operation. Opcodes sequence the control states and provide a vocabulary for assembly programs,

which are compiled and executed on the microprocessor.

BIB10 Applications of nanomaterials in bioengineering and biomedicine, Oakland University, G. Rasul Chaudry,

et. al. Abstract-Self-assembling biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials have promising applications in bioengineering and

biomedicine. Many synthetic compounds (such as polycaprolactone, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(lactic acid), and poly(lactic acid

co-glycolic acid) and biomolecules (such as proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates) are increasingly being developed for use as

scaffolds to mimic in vivo microenvironments for 3-D tissue engineering and for applications as vehicles for therapeutic drug-

release. We have used these materials to develop scaffolds for tissue engineering. The scaffolds promoted cellular growth of

embryonic and cord blood stem cells and their differentiation into osteogenic, Chondrogenic, and neural lineages. The scaffold

seeded derivatives of embryonic and cord blood stem generated osseous and cartilage tissues when transplanted in animal

models. Scaffolds made of nanomaterials are also studied for generating tissues of various organs such as heart and liver for

developing human body-chip for toxicological and pharmacological studies. Nanomaterials have also been investigated for drug

delivery and as anticancer agents. Some of these studies will be presented.

27

2:30pm-4:20pm (Session continued from Morning) Thursday

Session Title Location

IIIc Radar Signal & Image Processing Wright/Earhart

Chairs: Julie Jackson & Olga Mendoza-Schrock

Air Force Institute of Technology & Air Force Research Laboratory

RI15 Precise Image Registration and Occlusion Labeling, The Ohio State University, Vinod Khare Abstract-The image registration has been traditionally performed by estimating parametric transformation between two images.

In this paper, we extend the standard approach to multiple images and adopt the photogrammetric process to improve accuracy of

the registration. In particular, we use a multi-head camera mount providing multiple non-overlapping images per time epoch and

use multiple epochs providing additional geometric constraints. The constancy of the geometry between the images from multi

head formulated in a bundle block adjustment-like framework in the image space provides precise registration between the

images.

RI16 In-flight Camera Platform Calibration of the Multi-head Camera System, The Ohio State University, Young-

Jin Lee Abstract-This paper describes in-flight camera a novel platform calibration method for multi-head camera systems. In this paper,

the platform calibration parameters express the geometric relations between the camera heads and are estimated by means of a

temporal geometric constraint in consecutive frames. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed approach provides camera

platform estimation while eliminating the requirement for measured ground control points or known navigation solution provided

by GPS+INS systems.

RI17 Ontology Alignment using Relative Entropy for Semantic Uncertainty Analysis, Air Force Research

Laboratory, Erik Blasch Abstract- Ontology development and alignment includes syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic issues that require uncertainty

assessment. Ontologies are a specification of a conceptualization such as knowledge-based vocabulary for agent-based

understanding. Typically, ontologies are semantic labels that describe the nature of an event. To provide situational awareness to

a user from multiple sources requires a semantic alignment in an information fusion architecture. However, semantic alignment

is not well coordinated when the labels from different sources are not completely matched. In this paper, we describe issues and

methods in semantic alignment and propose an information theoretic relative entropy method for quantifying a semantic

uncertainty distance. Information quality (IQ) and data quality are addressed in the ontology mapping as a quality of service

(QOS) method to provide a user a notion of ontology mapping in a situational awareness assessment.

RI18 A Limited Comparative Study of Dimension Reduction Techniques on CAESAR, Air Force Research

Laboratory, Scott Clouse Abstract-Understanding and organizing data is the first step toward exploiting sensor phenomenology. What features are good for

distinguishing people and what measurements, or combination of measurements, can be used to classify people by demographic

characteristics including gender? Dimension reduction techniques such as Diffusion Maps that intuitively make sense and

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have demonstrated the potential to aid in extracting such features. This paper briefly

describes the Diffusion Map technique and PCA. More importantly, it compares two different classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbors

(KNN) and Adaptive boost (Adaboost), for gender classification using these two dimension reduction techniques. The results are

compared on the Civilian American and European Surface anthropometry Resource Project (CAESAR) database, provided by the

Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Human Effectiveness Directorate and SAE International. We also compare the results

described herein with those of other classification work performed on the same dataset, for completeness.

RI19 Ground Target Track Bias Estimation Using Opportunistic Road Information, Sigtem Technology, Inc. Chun

Yang Abstract-Track-to-track fusion is widely used by large-scale distributed surveillance systems to integrate multisensor tracking

data. A critical step prior to track-to-track fusion is track-to-track assignment. However, when ground targets are tracked by

airborne sensors, the target tracks contain not only tracking sensor errors but also navigation errors of the sensor platforms. If the

errors are not compensated for properly, biased tracks create false assignments and lead to erroneously fused tracks. In this paper,

track biases produced by individual trackers are characterized in terms of translation and rotation (and to a lesser extent by

scaling) with respect to the common reference frame in which the track-to-track fusion will take place. Opportunistic information

about the roads on which ground targets are moving is explored to estimate the track biases, akin to a system calibration, which

can be used not only to remove biases from past and present tracks but also to provide corrections for future estimates. The

proposed bias estimate method is based on binary image matching to estimate rotation and translation. A two-dimensional fast

Fourier transform (2D FFT) is used to implement 2D search and correlation efficiently. Simulation results are presented to

illustrate the proposed opportunistic road information based bias estimation (ORIBE) method and its performance as a function

of target track accuracy and spatial resolution in forming track and road map images.

28

4:20pm-5:50pm Thursday

Session Title Location

IV Compressive Sensing Wright/Earhart

Chair: Yuan Zheng, The Ohio State University

CS01 Wavelet-Modulated Pulse for Compressive Sensing in SAR, The Ohio State University, Da Xu Abstract- A new wavelet modulated pulse is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Conventionally SAR image is

constructed using chirp, i.e., FM in the range direction, and the Doppler effect in the azimuth direction. The proposed scheme is

to physically modulate the amplitude of the radar pulse (AM) using wavelets. Such a radar pulse results in the shift of the

wavelets in the temporal domain due to the range, while the Doppler effect causes variation of the scaling coefficient. In both

directions, pulse compression can be achieved by taking advantage of the autocorrelation function of the compactly supported

orthogonal wavelets and processing the echo signal in the two directions accordingly. Furthermore, by using wavelet modulated

pulses, the echo signal is equivalent to the wavelet transform (WT) to the target area. Since WT has been proved more effective

in image compression than conventional discrete cosine transform (DCT), wavelet modulated pulse is equivalent to compression

to the SAR image thus to achieve compressive sensing. Experiments have been performed using the latest embedded software

defined radio (SDR) technology. Equipped with the most recent FPGA and digital signal processors along with high speed

analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, the SDR allows signal processing tasks commonly done by analog circuits to

be performed digitally with high flexibility in algorithm design. Based on the developmental need of the user, the small form

factor software (SFF SDR) defined radio can serve as a simple data collection device for waveform testing or it can be

programmed into a real-time embedded radar system.

CS02 BYPASS and PARALLEL Modes for JPEG2000 Compression of Natural Imagery, University of Dayton, Eric

Balster Abstract—In this paper, the BYPASS and PARALLEL modes of JPEG2000 are investigated and implemented in a software

compression system for verification and validation. BYPASS and PARALLEL modes in JPEG2000 are options in the standard to

facilitate fast compression and parallel computation for embedded applications. Our results show minimal performance

degradation in both BYPASS and PARALLEL modes, where BYPASS mode degrades PSNR performance by 0.1 dB,

PARALLEL mode degrades performance by 0.15 dB, and utilizing both BYPASS and PARALLEL modes results in a

performance degradation of 0.25 dB, on average. The implementation of the different modes results in a compression speedup of

approximately 10% in BYPASS mode, and a potential 3x speedup in PARALLEL mode, if independent coding passes are

executed concurrently.

CS03 Sensorless Temperature Measurement Based on ADC Input Noise Measurement, Iowa State University,

Minshun Wu Abstract-All published temperature sensors convert temperature into an intermediate signal from which temperature is extracted.

Nonlinearity is introduced in all steps. This paper develops a new method for measuring temperature based on noise

measurement. Profit from inherently proportional relation between noise and temperature, the method has very good linearity.

CS04 Sensor Fusion for Persistent Surveillance, SAIC, Derek Lewis Abstract- Persistent surveillance from layered sensing systems requires a new level of sensor fusion to support exploitation in

urban environments. The AFRL Sensor Fusion program developed precise automated image-to-model registration, sensor

occlusion determination, and visualization capable of displaying fused geospatial, temporal, and imagery layers in a common

viewer.

29

2:30pm-5:30pm Thursday

SessionTitle Location

POSTER SESSION Armstrong

PS01 Find and Follow, Wright State University, Lydia Bachochin Abstract-The Micro Air Vehicle team works with a quad rotor helicopter system. The goal is to autonomously locate a target

through live video feed and follow the target while avoiding all obstacles. The team integrates hardware (an X-3D-BL

helicopter, circuit boards, X-Bee transceivers, distance sensors, and cameras) with software (OpenCV).

PS02 Academic Leadership Pipeline Students Computing and Analysis Project, Tec^Edge, Rhonda Vickery Abstract-High-performance computing (HPC) uses computer clusters and supercomputers to solve problems requiring complex

computations or many iterations of a computation with ranges of multiple parameters. Often these huge computations produce

large amounts of data that must be analyzed interactively.

PS03 Graphical and Statistical Communication Patterns of Automated Conversational Agents in Collaborative

Computer- Mediated Communication Systems, Air Force Research Laboratory, John P. McIntire Abstract - Automated conversational agents, also known as ―chatbots‖ or ―chatterbots,‖ are computer programs used in a variety

of collaborative communications systems, often for entertainment or business purposes. However, their use as malicious tools has

more recently made them a growing nuisance and security concern. We present a detailed graphical and statistical analysis of

communication patterns (specifically involving message sizes and inter-message delays) for improving the detection of

automated conversational agents in collaborative computer-mediated communication systems.

PS04-10 Additional Tec^Edge Posters

30

Day 2 – Thursday, July 15, 2010

6:30pm-10:00pm Banquet Ballroom Keynote Speaker: Deborah (Desch) Anderson “The Dayton NCR WWII Codebreakers”

Banquet Live Entertainment – Featuring -Catty Wampus –Celtic Music and Beseda

Dancers - informal instructional polka & Scottish Dancing by

the Flying Ghillies

7:00 PM – Dinner

8:30PM – Keynote Speaker, Deborah (Desch) Anderson, “The Dayton NCR WWII

Codebreakers”. Deborah’s father, Joseph Desch was the focus of a documentary 2006 film,

Dayton Codebreakers. Deborah will highlight the story of her father, who worked as an

NCR engineer, and was in charge of the top secret codebreaking operations in Dayton

during WWII. The story of the Dayton code breakers survived 50 years of secrecy in part

because it woven with so many threads of world history -- military, diplomatic,

technological, scientific. http://www.daytoncodebreakers.org/

9:15PM – Awards

9:30PM – Dismissed

10:00PM – Event over

31

Day 3 – Friday, July 16, 2010

8:30pm-10:00pm Friday

Session Title Location

VI Smart Antenna Ballroom

Chair: Ron Brower, Air Force Research Laboratory

SA01 Improvement of Exhaustive Search Based Maximum-Likelihood DOA Estimation, Sejong University, Joon-

Ho Lee Abstract—Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation by maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm is essentially an optimization of

nonlinear function. In nonlinear optimization, since the final estimate is highly dependent on the initial estimate, an initialization

is critical. Alternating Projection (AP) initialization has been proposed as computationally efficient method for the initialization

of the ML DOA cost function. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional (M-D) search scheme of uniform exhaustive search

and improved exhaustive search. In the improved exhaustive search algorithm, the two-step procedure is applied to reduce the

computational load of the uniform exhaustive search initialization scheme. It is shown in numerical results that the performance

of improved exhaustive search is as good as that of the uniform exhaustive search and that improved exhaustive search is

computationally much less intensive than uniform exhaustive search.

SA02 Smart Electronic Phase Control for Phased Array Antennas, , University of Cincinnati, Altan M. Ferendeci Abstract-Phase shifters are the key devices that can highly boost the performance of current electronic phased array systems.

Usually by setting the element angles, the array is pointed in the direction of an incoming signal for maximum reception. In this

paper, a microprocessor controlled phased array system is presented which can point in a desired direction as in conventional

phased array systems. The additional feature is that even if the source changes potion relative to the original beam direction,

microprocessor controlled system checks for the maximum signal direction regularly and changes the necessary phase angles of

the phase shifters to point in the incoming signal direction. This is realized by continues detecting and tracking functions. Details

of the design, choice of phase detectors and implementation using a linear and planar arrays swill be presented

SA03 MEMS Applications for Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless Data Sensing , Jackson State University

Abdelnasser Eldek Abstract-In this paper, several antennas are reconfigured for different applications. A multiband antenna is reconfigured to

operate at one or more frequencies at a time. Another antenna is reconfigured to operate in Broadband and Multiband modes.

Finally, a compact narrowband antenna is reconfigured to increase its operating bandwidth.

SA04 Closed-Loop Smart Antenna Systems With Controllable Metamaterial Lattice Interaction , Air Force

Research Laboratory, Atindra Mitra Abstract-This paper provides an introductory discussion and sample preliminary results on a new metamaterial-based smart

antenna concept. This new antenna concept is based on controlling closed-loop interactions between printed slot microstrip

patterns and a variety of lattice substrate structures. These type of interactions are controlled via the integration of controllable

active devices within a set of microstrip antenna geometries that are under consideration. The resulting antenna technology

enables the real-time configuration of antenna systems that transmit multiple programmable tones across large percentage

bandwidths. The control philosophy is based on specifying a desired spectrum within the system memory and then iteratively

sequencing through a series of programmable modes on the antenna-integrated substrate devices to achieve convergence to the

desired spectrum. A significant portion of the focus of this investigation is on the development of novel devices for the

development of W-Band millimeter-wave smart antenna structures that have the capability to generate short bursts of adaptive

signal kernels. This approach promotes enhanced propagation and detection under complex and fluctuating millimeter-wave

environmental conditions.

32

10:00pm-12:30pm Friday

Session Title Location

X Computational Modeling Ballroom

Chair: Paul Sotirelis, Air Force Research Laboratory

CM01 Performance Improvement of Backpropagation Algorithm by Fuzzy Delta-Bar-Delta Method, Honam

University, Hyun Kwan Lee Abstract - We proposed a new learning method for improving the performance of the backpropagation algorithm using a fuzzy

logic system for automatic tuning of the learning rate of each weight. The inputs of fuzzy logic system are delta and delta bar,

and the output of fuzzy logic system is learning rate. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed

simulations on a parity problem, function approximation, and pattern recognition. The results show that the proposed method

considerably improves on the performance of the backpropagation with momentum, and the general delta-bar-delta algorithm.

CM02 Application of Newton Method to Natural Frequency Estimation, Sejong University, Joon-Ho Lee Abstract—Time domain response based neural network and frequency domain response based neural network have been

proposed for radar target recognition. In this paper, we propose a natural frequency based neural network for radar target

recognition. Our scheme makes advantage of an aspect angle independence of a natural frequency. In the numerical results, we

show that, for the multiple aspect angles, natural frequency based neural network is superior to time domain response based

neural network.

CM03 Directional Wide Band Time Reversal Digital Beam forming FIR filter design using Bore-sight Calibration

Data, Air Force Research Laboratory, David Lin Abstract: There are two approaches to perform the wide band beam forming for a wide band array antenna. The first one is

hardware approach by using a set of programmable true time delays. Since the true time delay is a RF device, it has loss,

impedance miss match and, noise figure problems. Also the time delay resolution requirement is very rigid particularly at the

high RF frequency. The second one is firmware approach. In this approach, the time delay is digitally implemented in FPGA

(Field Programmable Gate Array) hardware. Since the signal being dealt with is at IF frequency, the resolution requirement is

relaxed and easier implement digitally. Time reversal is very powerful wide band digital beam forming and array channel

calibration approach. It creates a set of FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters for each interested aspect angle. Each FIR filter set

includes both the system calibration and time delay functions. The disadvantage of this approach is the set of FIR filters for a

specific angle has to be generated with a prior probing signal transmitted at that direction and also this approach lacks flexibility

for adaptive beam forming and beam nulling. This paper provides a technique for wide band digital beam forming using only the

bore-sight calibration data to generate FIR filters for all aspect angles. The Matlab simulations show the antenna patterns of both

approaches using measured data collected from 16-channel parallel RF front end system digitized at 1.3333GHz. The input RF

signal is injected to the RF front end and 16 antenna elements of the antenna array are simulated as ideal antenna with isotropic

pattern.

CM04 Turbo Sparse Reconstruction via Bernoulli-Laplace and Ising Priors, The Ohio State University, Subhijit

Som Abstract-Recently, we proposed turbo sparse reconstruction algorithms that exploit structure in the signal support and leverage

recent work on approximate message passing (AMP). In this work, we detail the turbo reconstruction algorithm for the case of a

Bernoulli-Laplace coefficient model and a Markov random field support prior that is capable of modeling spatial clustering in

two-dimensional signals.

CM05 FAST ALGEBRAIC METHODS IN COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS, BerrieHill Research Corp,

Tri Van Abstract— Applicability of the Adaptive Cross Approximation and hierarchical matrix approach to the problems of

computational electromagnetics is examined both, theoretically and numerically. Reduction of the required storage and

computational speed up during each step of a numerical solution are analyzed. Numerical examples are produced using a

Northrop-Grumman‘s proprietary code SWITCH which is based on the hybrid FEM-SIE method.

CM06 Effects of Radio Frequency Interference on an 802.11a Wireless Ad-Hoc Network, Air Force Research

Laboratory, Joseph Natarian

CM07 A Graphical Framework for Constructing and Executing Computational Networks, Consortium Research

Fellows Program, Christopher Hall Abstract— Research in multispectral data visualization frequently consists of experimenting with combinations of a variety of

fusion and visualization algorithms. This paper describes the design and development of a flexible GUI-based software utility

that can be used to rapidly construct networks of configurable filters to be used in multispectral visualization research.