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Nadar and the Carte-de-visite photography in the 1860-1880s
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• Dare-devil
• Bohemian
• Non-conformist
• Inventor
• Entrepreneur
•Car icatur is t
•Bal loonis t
•Journal is t
Revolving self portrait by Nadar
Pseudonyms popular in this period
• They added “dar” to a syllable
• Tournachon became “Tournadar” later contracted down to ...
Studio emblazoned with his logo
Nadar’s Shop front on street level
He rented his studios
• Manet
• Renoir
• Degas
• Cezanne
• Sisley
• Pissarro
• Had Distaste for Authority • Had a keen eye between appearance + character • Concentrated on Cultural figures, writers, painters +
musicians
•Hand of the Banker D. •printed in one hour with electric lighting •testifies to Nadar's attempts make to prints with electric lighting
• Portrait Photographer
• Eminent sitters
• Few photographs of women
• Mostly 3/4 turn, bust or half length
• Solid backgrounds
• Dramatic illumination.
Sarah Bernhardt
• Used reflectors and artificial lamps
•Won several awards for technical innovations
•Draped a studio cloak over the shoulders to concentrate on the face
Artificially lit sewers and catacombs of Paris.
•Few photographs of women
•Quoted by Nadar
•“the images are too true to Nature to please the sitters, even the most beautiful”.
Gustave Eiffel
Charles Baudelaire
Boulanger – French General
Music by Nadar’s muse French composer Charles Gounod
Aerial photography
• Arc de Triomphe
• Le Géant – The Giant
The flying darkroom
• Aerial views for cartography + military intelligence • Four meters high • Circumference 100 metres • Four beds, toilet, darkroom + lithograph press “It was warm inside our collodion plates didn’t mind, submerged in their cool baths.”
• Carrier pigeons
• Micro photography
• Showmanship
• Cartography from balloon
•Le Boulevard in 1862 - Caption •"Elevating photography to the condition of art”
Said of himself • He “was of superficial intelligence • Touched on too many subjects to have
allowed time to explore any in depth • A dare-devil, always on the lookout for
currents to swim against • oblivious of public opinion • irreconcilably opposed to any sign of
law and order • A jack-of-all-trades • Smiles out of the corner of his mouth
and snarls with the other • Coarse enough to call things by their
real names, and people too • never one to miss the chance to talk of
rope in the house of a hanged man”
Dallmeyer camera used by Nadar
•Sliding box camera made for the wet plate collodion process
•The camera consists of two wood boxes, one sliding within the other
Dallmeyer camera back view
•Nadar invented a horizontal shutter for the camera, + concealed the camera under a black curtain
The Balloon Crashes! •Albeit ruined but instead……..
•He promoted the balloon as a
•Symbol of Liberty
•Evoking visions of joy and freedom
• “Photography derived from two Greek words
• ‘Writing or Drawing by
Light’
• Almost all substances are more or less affected by light, but ...
• The salts of chromium, have formed the basis
of photography.”
The book “Information for the People”
Published - Robert Chambers
Thomas Annan
1st illustrated work to deal with social life at the time
New laws for
Sanitary
Conditions
The Public Disinfectors
Zoopraxiscope Projector •The first movie projector
•Projected images from rotating glass disks in rapid succession
•To give the impression of motion
Zoopraxiscope
• The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures.
• Created by Eadweard Muybridge in 1879
• Considered the first movie projector.
• The zoopraxiscope projected images from rotating glass disks
Created by Eadweard Muybridge in 1879 •The stop-motion images painted onto the glass as silhouettes.
1861 - 1st Colour Photograph
•James Clerk Maxwell – Physicist • Famous tartan ribbon photo •First permanent colour photograph •Three black and white photographs •Taken through red, green, blue filters •First colour separation
Reproducing Photos in 1860-1885
Woodbury Process
• photomechanical process
• continuous tone images in slight relief.
• A gelatin film is exposed under a photographic negative
• hardens in proportion to the amount of light
• developed in hot water and dried
Intaglio Plate
• only method which produces true middle values
• pressed into a sheet of lead making an intaglio plate.
• A mould filled with pigmented gelatin, then pressed onto
• a paper support
Shah of Persia Carte de Visite Woodburytype- Print from Felix Nadar Paris
PREPARATION OF POSITIVE PAPER
Preparation of the Albumen
• Break the eggs into a graduated measure
• Add soluble chloride
• Add water
• Beaten to froth
• Float the paper
Use this apparatus
Carte-De-Visite
• Albumen print
• produced using the Woodbury method
• could fit into small envelopes
• only mechanical printing method ever invented to produce true middle values
• Traded among friends and visitors
Hand Painted Albumen Flower Seller Japan – 1870
Hand painted Albumen Cards
Photographic Identification Pass
•Adapted from
carte-de-visite
portrait
•1878 photographic
identification passes
•Prevented passes
from being lent or
sold
• Embossed stamp
on card from
Commissioner
General.
Civil War Era 1861-1864
• Civil War Ladies
• made with the Woodbury process
• Albumen prints