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3G Wireless Systems 3G Wireless Systems Nachiket Mehta Nachiket Mehta Wireless Networks CSG250

Nachi Ket Mehta

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Page 1: Nachi Ket Mehta

3G Wireless Systems3G Wireless Systems

Nachiket MehtaNachiket Mehta

Wireless Networks CSG250

OUTLINEOUTLINE 3G Overview3G Overview

bull Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution 2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution pathspaths

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMAbull Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer

RLC layer RRC layerRLC layer RRC layerbull Hand OverHand Overbull Power ControlPower Controlbull QoS SupportQoS Support

Whatrsquos next after 3GWhatrsquos next after 3G SummarySummary ReferencesReferences

3G Overview3G Overview

Route to 3GRoute to 3G

1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000

3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10000000000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

35G

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 2: Nachi Ket Mehta

OUTLINEOUTLINE 3G Overview3G Overview

bull Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution 2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution pathspaths

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMAbull Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer

RLC layer RRC layerRLC layer RRC layerbull Hand OverHand Overbull Power ControlPower Controlbull QoS SupportQoS Support

Whatrsquos next after 3GWhatrsquos next after 3G SummarySummary ReferencesReferences

3G Overview3G Overview

Route to 3GRoute to 3G

1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000

3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10000000000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

35G

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 3: Nachi Ket Mehta

3G Overview3G Overview

Route to 3GRoute to 3G

1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000

3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10000000000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

35G

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 4: Nachi Ket Mehta

Route to 3GRoute to 3G

1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000

3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10000000000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

35G

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 5: Nachi Ket Mehta

3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

10000000000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

35G

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 6: Nachi Ket Mehta

3G- Advantages3G- Advantages

3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message

service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -

bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the

world world

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 7: Nachi Ket Mehta

3G Capabilities3G Capabilities

Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network

144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly

over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched

data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 8: Nachi Ket Mehta

OrganizationsOrganizations

bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)

bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International

Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 9: Nachi Ket Mehta

IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)

Direct spread

IMT-MCCDMA-2000

(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier

IMT-TCUMTS-TDD

(TD-SCDMA)Time code

IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)

Single carrier

IMT-FTDECT

Freq time

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T

Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 10: Nachi Ket Mehta

IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands

1G + 2G

806 960 MHz

2G (Asia Europe) + 3G

1710 1885 MHz

DECT PHS + 2G + 3G

1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz

2500 2690 MHz

WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 11: Nachi Ket Mehta

TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-

bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America

3G Technologies-3G Technologies-

bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread

bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier

bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code

4G Technologies-4G Technologies-

bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting

bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)

bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 12: Nachi Ket Mehta

Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 13: Nachi Ket Mehta

Evolution PathsEvolution Paths

25G2G 3G

cdmaOneIS-95A

TDMA

cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X

Cdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRS

EDGE WCDMA

GSM Map Core Network

IS-41 Core Network

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 14: Nachi Ket Mehta

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-

Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 15: Nachi Ket Mehta

UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA

Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division

Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each

user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence

Narrowband option for TDD

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 16: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters

Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz

Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread

Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps

Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)

No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515

No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)

Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)

Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256

Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 17: Nachi Ket Mehta

Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations

(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 18: Nachi Ket Mehta

CodesCodes

Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code

UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data

and control channels from same UE

DL Separation of different users

within one cell

UL Separation of terminals

DL Separation of

cellssectors

LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips

DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips

38400 chips38400 chips

No of No of codescodes

No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF

UL Several millionUL Several million

DL 512DL 512

Code Code FamilyFamily

Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode

Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family

Increase Increase BWBW

YESYES NONO

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 19: Nachi Ket Mehta

UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 20: Nachi Ket Mehta

UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 21: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 22: Nachi Ket Mehta

Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the

MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels

Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions

bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers

bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels

bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels

bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control

bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization

bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 23: Nachi Ket Mehta

Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH

Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH

(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH

(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH

(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH

(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH

(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH

Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH

(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH

Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels

Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH

Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH

Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH

Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH

CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH

Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 24: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 25: Nachi Ket Mehta

MAC LayerMAC Layer

The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions

bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer

bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between

data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling

bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 26: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 27: Nachi Ket Mehta

RLC LayerRLC Layer

The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the

information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer

The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the

WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 28: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 29: Nachi Ket Mehta

RRC LayerRRC Layer

The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast

servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a

selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a

connection and transfer of messages using the connection

The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission

control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 30: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 31: Nachi Ket Mehta

Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover

bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover

bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH

Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode

Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during

compressed mode

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 32: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 33: Nachi Ket Mehta

Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC

bull Feedback information

bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge

Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control

commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command

bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 34: Nachi Ket Mehta

Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)

Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means

of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile

at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on

RACH or CPCH

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 35: Nachi Ket Mehta

WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 36: Nachi Ket Mehta

UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS

The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS

Divided intobull Control plane

Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources

bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 37: Nachi Ket Mehta

QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-

bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing

1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams

1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access

1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 38: Nachi Ket Mehta

What next after 3GWhat next after 3G

1990 2000 2010

GSM(2G)

W-CDMA(3G)

GPRSEDGE(25G)

bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity

4G

3G+

3G ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

3G+ ampWLAN

3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

4G ampWLAN

4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst

4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc

25G ampWLAN

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 39: Nachi Ket Mehta

4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic

bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G

bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option

Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods

bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 40: Nachi Ket Mehta

OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other

tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 41: Nachi Ket Mehta

SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the

preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial

playersplayers

bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X

bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO

bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-

bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them

4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 42: Nachi Ket Mehta

ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom

Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per

Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems

Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250

Page 43: Nachi Ket Mehta

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Wireless Networks CSG250