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Naba K Mondal, TIFR, Mumbai
@ 1st IAS-CERN Workshop on
Particle Physics and Cosmology Institute of Advanced Studies,
Nanyang Technological University
ICAL ( conceptual)
INO Peak at Bodi West Hills
Prototype ICAL at VECC
2mX2m RPC Test Stand at TIFR
ASIC for RPC designed at BARC
RPC Test stand at TIFR
Indore: Indian Institute of Technology
Jammu : University of Jammu
Kalpakkam : IGCAR
Kolkata : SINP, CU, VECC
Lucknow : Lucknow University
Madurai : American College
Mumbai : BARC, IITB, TIFR
Mysore : University of Mysore
Srinagar : University of Kashmir
Varanasi : Banaras Hindu University
2
Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory
Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University
Allahabad: HRI
Calicut : University of Calicut
Chandigarh: Panjab University
Chennai : IITM, IMSc
Delhi : Delhi University
Guwahati : Indian Institute of Technology
Hawaii (USA) : University of Hawaii
• India had a long tradition of carrying out experiments deep underground.
• KGF laboratory was the deepest underground laboratory in the world till 1992.
• First atmospheric neutrino was detected at KGF at a depth of 2.3km way back in 1965 by the TIFR-Osaka-Durham group.
Atmospheric neutrino detector
at Kolar Gold Field –1965
Physics Letters 18, (1965) 196, dated 15th Aug 1965
Underground laboratory with ~1 km all-round rock cover accessed through a 1.9 km long tunnel. A large and several smaller caverns to facilitate many experimental programs.
Frontline neutrino issues e.g., mass parameters and other properties, will be explored in a manner complementary to ongoing efforts worldwide.
The ICAL detector, with its charge identification ability, will be able to address questions about the neutrino mixing parameter space.
Will support several other experiments when operational. Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay and Dark Matter Search experiments foreseen in the immediate future.
Looking for International participation.
Construction of an underground laboratory and surface
facilities near Pottipuram village in Theni district of
Tamil Nadu.
Construction of the massive 50 kton magnetised Iron
calorimeter (ICAL) detector to study properties of
neutrinos.
Construction of the INO centre- The Inter-Institutional
Centre for High Energy Physics (IICHEP) at Madurai.
Human Resource Development ( INO Graduate Training
Program)
Detector R & D
10
1 2 3 1
1 2 3 2
1 2 3 3
e e e
e
U U U
U U U
U U U
parameter Best fit value 1 sigma error
Sin2q12 (10-1) 3.07 2.91-3.25
Sin2q23 (10-1) 3.86 ( NH), 3.92 (IH) 3.65-4.10 (NH), 3.7-4.31 (IH)
Sin2q13 (10-2) 2.41 (NH), 2.44 (IH) 2.16-2.66 (NH), 2.19-2.67 (IH)
Dm221 (10-5) eV 7.54 7.32-7.80
ǀDm231ǀ (10-3) eV 2.43 (NH), 2.42 (IH) 2.33-2.49 (NH), 2.31-2.49 (IH)
Accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters (q23 octant, deviation of q23 from maximality)
Determination of neutrino mass hierarchy (large q13 is good news !)
Determination of CP violation in the lepton sector (with a future long base line experiment with a neutrino factory)
Nonstandard interactions, CPT violation, long range forces, ultrahigh energy muon fluxes, ...
13
• INO site is located 115 km west of the temple city
Madurai in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu close to
the border the between Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
• Madurai has an international airport.
15
• The cavern-I is set under 1589 m peak with vertical rock cover of 1289 m.
• Accessible through a 1.9 km long tunnel
• Cavern -1 will host 50 kt ICAL detector. Space available for additional 50 kt.
• Cavern-2 & 3 available for other experiments ( NDBD, Dark Matter ….).
To be located on a 13 Ha land very close to the Madurai Kamraj University in the city of Madurai.
Will act as the nodal centre for all INO activities.
Will have a major detector development laboratory.
INO Graduate Training program will move to IICHEP when ready.
NCHEP
MKU
Environmental and Forest Clearance for the site obtained.
26 hectars of land provided free by Tamil Nadu state government for setting up surface facilities near portal location.
13 hectars of land acquired at Madurai for IICHEP.
Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies will start laying water pipeline and approach road construction soon. Funds for both transferred to Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies.
Fencing work at both sites will start soon. Preparation for master plan for Madurai site has started. Tender documents for the master plan and structural design for the underground lab and surface facilities at Pottipuram is under preparation.
Should have large target mass ( 50-100 kT).
Good tracking and Energy resolution ( tracking calorimeter).
Good directionality ( <= 1 nsec time resolution ).
Charge identification.
Ease of construction.
Modularity.
Complementarity with other existing and proposed detectors.
Use magnetised iron as target mass and RPC as
active detector medium.
- Iron Tracking Calorimeter (ICAL)
19
21
No of modules 3
Module dimension 16 m X 16 m X 14.4m
Detector dimension 48.4 m X 16 m X 14.4m
No of layers 150
Iron plate thickness 5.6cm
Gap for RPC trays 4 cm
Magnetic field 1.4 Tesla
RPC unit dimension 195 cm x 184 cm x 2.4 cm
Readout strip width 3 cm
No. of RPCs/Road/Layer 8
No. of Roads/Layer/Module 8
No. of RPC units/Layer 192
Total no of RPC units 28800
No of Electronic channels 3.7 X 106
Pickup strips
Two 2 mm thick float Glass
Separated by 2 mm spacer 2 mm thick spacer
Glass plates
Resistive coating on the outer surfaces of glass
Strip Multiplicity due to crossing muons Track residue in mm
Strip noise rate vs time Image of a RPC using muons
34
Front end 8 in one Apmlifier-discriminator ASIC developed by BARC
A TDC ASIC developed for
INO project by IIT, Chennai
Trigger criteria based on event topology alone.
Distributed and hierarchical architecture.
Detector module segmented to generate local trigger.
Combination of local triggers produces global trigger.
Global trigger latches event data.
NIM, 678, 105 (2012) & NIM, 694, 126 (2012)
RPC development for ICAL:
R&D almost complete.
Full size RPCs (2m X 2m) are being fabricated not just in the INO labs but also by the industry.
Methods, machinery and production optimisation for large scale production of RPCs are being developed with the help of industry.
Electronics for ICAL:
Design and prototyping of electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems progressing well.
Second batch of ASIC front end designed by the INO electronics team & fabricated by Euro Practice IC Services being tested in the RPC lab
TDC ASIC developed at IIT Madras.
Magnet for ICAL:
Prototype magnet running at VECC, Kolkata.
8m x 8m x 20 layer engineering module (800 ton) being planned. 36
Simulation Framework
NUANCE
GEANT
Neutrino Event Generation νa+ X -> A + B + ...
Generates particles that result from a
random interaction of a neutrino with
matter using theoretical models .
Output:
i) Reaction Channel
ii) Vertex Information
Iii) Energy & Momentum of
all Particles
Event Simulation A + B + ... through RPCs + Mag.Field
Simulate propagation of particles through the
detector (RPCs + Magnetic Field)
Output:
i) x,y,z,t of the particles at their
interaction point in detector
ii) Energy deposited
iii) Momentum information
Event Digitisation (x,y,z,t) of A + B + ... + noise + detector
efficiency
Add detector efficiency and noise to the hits
Output:
i) Digitised output of the
previous stage (simulation)
Event Reconstruction (E,p) of ν + X = (E,p) of A + B + ...
Fit the tracks of A + B + ... to get their energy
and
momentum.
Output:
i) Energy & Momentum of the
initial neutrino
38
43
Mass hierarchy sensitivity with INO-ICAL data only using fixed
Parameters - Sin2 2q13 0.12, 0.1, 0.08 and sin2q
23 = 0.5.
A. Ghosh et. al. INO collaboration, arXiv:1212.1305v1 [hep-ph]
44
A combined analysis of all experiments including ICAL@INO
as well NOA, T2K, Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay experiments
INO Training School:
We have already started INO graduate training program from August 2008.
Affiliated to HBNI.
At present INO students are being trained for one year at TIFR, Mumbai in both experimental techniques and theory.
Being attached to Ph.D. guides at various collaborating institutions for a Ph. D. degree after completion of coursework
Many Short/long term visits to RPC labs ( Mumbai & Kolkata) of students and faculties from Universities in last several years.
2008 2009
46