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8/10/2019 N9 STPM Trial 2010 Physics [w Ans] [B2D6F3EE] (1)
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JAWATANKUASA PANELTRIAL EXAM PHYSICS STPM
NEGERI SEMBILAN DARUL KHUSUS
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960 PHYSICS STPM
CONSTANT VALUES
STPM DATA BOOKLET
For 960 PHYSICS - PAPER 1 AND PAPER 2
*************************************************************************
Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108
ms-1
Permeability of free space o = 4x 10-7Hm-1
Permittivity of free space o = 8.85 x 10-12
Fm-1
Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 x 10-19
C
Plank constant h = 6.63 x 10-34
Js
Unified atomic mass constant u = 1.66 x 10-27
kg
Rest mass of electron me= 9.11 x 10-31
kg
Rest mass of proton mp= 1.67 x 10-27
kg
Molar gas constant R= 8.31 JK-1
mol-1
Avogadro constant NA= 6.02 x 1023
mol-1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 10-23
JK-1
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11
Nm2kg
-2
Acceleration of free fall g= 9.81 ms-2
*************************************************************************
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1 Which of the following quantities has no units?
A Work
B Strain
C Momentum
D Youngs modulus
2 A body moves with constant acceleration experiences a constant
A rate of change of force
B rate of change of distance
C rate of change of velocity
D rate of change of displacement
3 A ball is projected vertically upwards reaching a maximum height of 50 m. Its velocity after 4.0 s is
A 7.9 m s-1upwards
B 9.7 m s -1upwards
C 7.9 m s-1
downwards
D 9.7 m s
-1
downwards
4 A sky diver falls with terminal velocity. Which of the following statements is an application of Newtons
third law?
A The resultant force acted on him is zero
B His weight is balanced by the air resistance acted on him
C His weight is equal to the force on the Earth by him
D The force of gravity acted on him is equal to the resistance acted on him
5 A body of mass 2.0 kg is acted upon by a force as shown in the graph below.
If the gain in momentum by the body in time 4.0 s is 10 kgms-1
, the value ofxin the graph isA 4 N B 6 N C 8 N D 10 N
6 Centre of mass of a body is
A the point at which the body will rotate.
B the same as centre of gravity of the body.
C the point at which the weight is considered to act.
D the point at which the mass is considered to concentrate.
Force/N
Time/s
x
0 4321
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7 A pendulum bob is whirled round on a smooth horizontal surface by a string of length lat a constant rate.
If the tension in the string is kept constant, which of the following graphs represents the relation between the
speed vof the pendulum bob and the length lof the string?
8 A torque on a rigid body is the
A rotational analogue of mass
B rotational analogue of force
C rate of change of linear momentum
D rate of change of rotational kinetic energy
9 A satellite of mass m moves round the Earth in an orbit of radius r takes time T to complete one
revolution. Another satellite of mass 4mtakes the same time Tto complete one revolution. The radius of the
orbit of the second satellite is
A r4
1 B r
2
1 C r D 2r
10 Which of the following statements regarding simple harmonic motion is true?
A Acceleration is constant
B Amplitude varies with time
C Frequency decreases with timeD Speed is maximum at equilibrium
11 A particle performs simple harmonic motion. Its velocity leads its displacement by a phase of
A4
B
2
C D 2
l
l
A B
CD
v v
vv
l
l0 0
00
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12 A car with a defective suspension system moves over a bump on the road. Which of the following graphs
shows correctly how the height h of the centre of gravity of the car varies with time t?
A B
D
C
D
13 Two points on a progressive wave differ by phase of8
3radians. The distance between them is 0.36 m.
The wavelength is
A 0.12 m B 0.48 m C 0.96 m D 1.92 m
14 Two progressive waves are represented by the equations
y1= 3.0 sin (20t + 2x) and y2= 2.0 sin (10t + 5x)
The ratio of the intensity ofy1to they2is
A 0.40 B 1.50 C 2.25 D 4.00
15When a student blows slowly across an open end of a test tube, a fundamental note of frequency f is
produced. If the student blows harder, the frequencies of the other overtones will be
A 2f, 3f B 3f, 3f C 3f, 4f D 3f, 5f
16 Beats of frequency 6.0 Hz is produced by the superposition of two notes of frequencies f1and f2. The
waveform of the resultant wave is as shown.
The values of the frequenciesf1andf2are
A f1= 50 Hz,f2= 44 Hz
B f1= 53 Hz,f2= 47 Hz
C f1= 75 Hz,f2= 69 Hz
D f1= 210 Hz,f2= 204 Hz
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17 Which of the following statements is true about the energy and force between atoms in a diatomic
molecule?
A The force is zero when the potential energy is minimum
B The attractive force is maximum when the potential energy is zero
C The force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between atoms
D The force changes from repulsive force (when the separation is large) to attractive
force (when the separation is small)
18 A wire is stretched beyond the elastic limit and then the applied force is removed. Which of the following
statements describes correctly the behavior of the stretched wire?
A The wire snaps
B The wire returns to its original length
C The wire will have permanent extension
D The length of the wire will remain the same as it is when the force is removed
19 A rod of original length
and cross-sectional areaAis stretched by e. IfEis the Youngs Modulus of the
rod, and the change in cross-sectional area of the rod can be neglected, the energy per unit volume stored in
the rod is
A2
2
2
Ee B
22
EeA C
2
Ee D
EeA
20 The process of expansion for a fixed mass of an ideal gas is shown in the graph below.
The ratio ofspeedsquaremeanrootinitial
speedsquaremeanrootfinal for the gas molecule is
A2
3 B
4
3 C
4
3 D
8
3
p / 105Pa
Final state of as
Initial state of gas
8
6
4
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 V/ m
3
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x x x x x x x x x x
rod
2
0 x
21 In a mixture of two monatomic gases YandZat thermal equilibrium, the molecular mass of Yis double
the molecular mass ofZ. The mean translational kinetic energy for Zis 8.2 x 10-21
J per molecule. The mean
translational kinetic energy per molecule for Yis
A 4.1 x 10-21
J per molecule
B 5.5 x 10-21
J per molecule
C 8.2 x 10-21J per molecule
D 16.4 x 10-21J per molecule
22 The isotherms for a fixed mass of an ideal gas at thermodynamic temperatures T1and T2are shown in the
graph below.
If T1is 273.15 K, the ice point, then the value T2isA 91.05 K B 364.20 K C 364.21 K D 819.45 K
23 Which of the following is true concerning the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas?
A The internal energy of the gas increases
B The temperature of the gas does not change
C The r.m.s speed of the gas molecules decreases
D The external work done is more than the change in internal energy
24 The variation of temperature along a lagged metal rod of uniform cross section area which is in steady
state is shown in the diagram below. Two ends of the rod are maintained at temperature of 1and 2.
Which of the following is true about the rate of heat flow through the rod,
dt
dQ and the thermal
conductivity, kof the material with distance,xfrom the hot end?
dt
dQ k
A Decreases Unchanged
B Increases Unchanged
C Unchanged Decreases
D Unchanged Increases
x x x x x x x x x x
1 lagged
pV
0 p
3x
x
T2
T1
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25 Two properly insulated uniform rods,Xand Yare arranged as shown in the figure below.
The thermal conductivity of Xis 10 times that of Y. The rods are in steady condition. Which one of the
following statements is correct?
A The rate of heat flow inXis greater than in Y.
B The temperature gradient alongXis the same as that along Y.
C The temperature
at the interface betweenXand Yis nearly 0 C.
D The rate of heat flow will increase if the length of rodXis shortened but the temperatures 0 C and
100 C of remain the same.
26 The graphs below are drawn to the same scale show the electric potential Vbetween two points Pand Q.
Which one shows that the electric field strength between Pand Qis the strongest?
C D
VV
00 QP P Q
0 C100 C
X Y
Thermal insulator C
50 mm 5 mm
A B
V
0 QP
V
0Q
P
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27 A capacitor Cis charged by using the circuit as shown in the figure below.
When switch S1is opened and then switch S2is closed, the reading of the galvanometer G is
A zero
B not zero
C decreasing linearly with time until zero
D decreasing exponentially with time until zero
28 Which of the following statements explains correctly the decrease in resistivity of an intrinsic
semiconductor when its temperature increases?
A The drift velocity of the charge carriers increases with temperature.
B The number of charge carriers per volume increases with temperature.
C The rate of collision between the charge carriers and atoms increases with temperature.
D The amplitude of vibrations of the atoms of a semiconductor increases with temperature.
29 When a potential difference V is applied across a copper wire of length L, the drift velocity of the
electron in the wire is ve. If the length of the wire L changes, which of the following graphs shows correctly
the variation of vewithL?
S2
S1
G
High resistance
-+C
A B
C D
ve
L
ve
L
LL
veve
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YX
4R
4R
R
E = 3.5 V
r= 1.5
30 3 resistors with resistanceR, 4Rand 4Rrespectively are connected to a battery of e.m.f, E= 3.5V with
internal resistance,r= 1.5 as shown in a circuit below.
If the potential difference across pointXand point Yis 2.0 V, the value ofRis
A 1.0 B 2.0 C 3.0 D 4.0
31 A galvanometer with negligible internal resistanceand a full scale deflection of 5 mA is modified for use
as a voltmeter with a full scale deflection of 10 V. The correct modification for the required circuit is
A A resistor of 2 x 10
2
is connected in series to the galvanometerB A resistor of 2 x 10
3is connected in series to the galvanometer.
C A resistor of 2 x 104is connected in series to the galvanometer.
D A resistor of 2 x 105is connected in parallel to the galvanometer.
32 Two concentric ringsXand Yare placed on the horizontal plane, as shown in the diagram below.
The radius of ringXis r1= 1.0 m and r2= 2.0 m. The current flows in ring Yis four times the current in
ringXbut in the opposite direction. The resultant magnetic flux density at the centre of the rings is
A Io5.1 and points towardsN
B Io5.0 and points towardsN
C Io5.0 and points towards S
D Io5.1 and points towards S
X
Y
N
r1 r2
I
4I
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33 An electron is launched with velocity vinto a space which has magnetic flux density B and an electric
field strengthEthat are perpendicular to each other. If the velocity vof the electron is uniform, then
AB
Ev ; vis perpendicular toBandE
BE
Bv ; vis perpendicular toBandE
CB
Ev ; vis perpendicular toB orE
DE
Bv ; vis perpendicular toBorE
34 A rectangular coil PQRSis placed in a uniform magnetic field as shown in diagram (a). The variation of
the magnetic flux densityBwith time t is as shown in diagram (b).
Which one of the following graphs shows variation of the magnitude of induced e.m.f.E with time t ?
4T3T2TT0
E
B
E
C D
4T3T2TT0
A
4T3T2TT0
E
4T3T2TT0
E
tt
t t
B
T 2T 3T0 4T
Diagram (b)
Diagram (a)t
P Q
S R
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35 Which of the following produce voltage or current by self-induction?
A High voltage or current produced in a transformer
B High voltage produced in a Van de Graff generator
C High voltage produced when the switch in a solenoid circuit is opened
D Current flows in a copper plate when the plate is oscillating in a magnetic field
36 An alternating currentIrepresented by the equationI = 4sin100tflows in a resistor of 5.0 . IfI is in
ampere and tin seconds, the mean power dissipated in the resistor is
A 10 W B 20 W C 40 W D 160 W
37 The op-amp in the circuit shown contains a feedback resistorRf.
The function of the feedback is
A To increase the gain
B To oppose the input a.c.
C To increase the bandwidth
D To make the amplifier into non-inverting
38 Which of the following provides direct experimental evidence that light is a transverse wave but not a
longitudinal wave?
A Light can be polarized.
B Light can be diffracted.
C Two coherent light waves can be made to interfere.
D The intensity of light from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from
the source.
39 A point object in air is placed at a distanceu in front of a glass sphere of radius r. If the refractive index
of glass is nand the image formed inside the glass sphere is 2u, the ucan be written as
A rn
n
)2(
)1(2
B r
n
n
)2(2
)1(
C r
n
n
)1(2
)2(
D r
n
n)
2(
40 A monochromatic light illuminates onto two narrow parallel slits and the interference pattern is observed
on a screen at some distance beyond the slits. Which modification will increase the separation between the
dark fringes of the interference pattern?
A Increase the distance between the slits
B Use monochromatic light of higher frequency
C Use monochromatic light of longer wavelength
D Decrease the distance between the screen and the slits
Rf
_
+
R
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41 A monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm illuminates a diffraction grating of 3105lines per metre.
If the zero order is not being considered, how many diffracted fringes can be observed?
A 2 B 5 C 7 D 10
42 The results of the photoelectric effect in Milikans experiment is shown in the graph below.
The intercept of thef-axis of the graph atfodepends on
A the work function
B the stopping potential
C the intensity of radiation
D the frequency of radiation
43 The de Broglie wavelength of a bullet of mass 0.02 kg which moves at speed of 300 ms-1is
A 7.3 x 10-36m
B 1.8 x 10-35
m
C 1.1 x 10-34
m
D 9.9 x 10-33
m
44 The frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a hydrogen atom which undergoes a transition
between energy levels of -1.36 x 10-19
J and -5.45 x 10-19
J is
A 1.36 x1014Hz
B 4.09 x 1014 Hz
C 6.17 x 1014 Hz
D 6.17 x 1019
Hz
45 The cut-off frequency in the continuous X-ray spectrum from an X-ray tube depends on the
A target metal
B anode current
C filament current
D voltage across the tube
46 The main principle used to produce laser is
A reflection of light
B radioactive decay
C stimulated emission of photons
D spontaneous emission of photons
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47 The rest masses of deuteron H21 , proton and neutron are 2.0150 u, 1.0096 uand 1.0097 urespectively.
A deuteron may disintegrate to a proton and neutron if it
A emits a photon energy 3.1 MeV
B emits a photon of energy 2.0 MeV
C captures a photon of energy 2.0 MeV
D captures a photon of energy 4.1 MeV
48 A sample consists of two radioactive nuclides in equal proportion but each has a different decay constant.
Which graph shows the relation between the initial activity Ao and the initial total number of radioactive
nucleiNoof the sample?
49 The binding energy of carbon-12 in MeV is
[Mass ofcarbon-12= 11.996706 u, mass of proton, mp= 1.007276 u, mass of neutron, mn= 1.008665 u]
A 0.511 MeV
B 9.11 MeV
C 14.8 MeV
D 92.4 MeV
50 Which of the following elementary particles has quark?
A Proton
B Photon
C Electron
D Neutrino
N0
Ao
A
Ao
D
N0
Ao
C
N0
B
Ao
N0
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JAWATANKUASA PANELTRIAL EXAM PHYSICS STPM
NEGERI SEMBILAN DARUL KHUSUS
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960 PHYSICS STPM
CONSTANT VALUES
STPM DATA BOOKLET
For 960 PHYSICS - PAPER 1 AND PAPER 2
*************************************************************************
Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 x 108
ms-1
Permeability of free space o = 4x 10-7Hm-1
Permittivity of free space o = 8.85 x 10-12
Fm-1
Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 x 10-19
C
Plank constant h = 6.63 x 10-34
Js
Unified atomic mass constant u = 1.66 x 10-27
kg
Rest mass of electron me= 9.11 x 10-31
kg
Rest mass of proton mp= 1.67 x 10-27
kg
Molar gas constant R= 8.31 JK-1
mol-1
Avogadro constant NA= 6.02 x 1023
mol-1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 10-23
JK-1
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11
Nm2kg
-2
Acceleration of free fall g= 9.81 ms-2
*************************************************************************
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Section A [40 marks]
Answer allquestions in this section.
1 A uniform circular disc, at rest, has mass 10 kg and radius 0.2 m. When a force of 10 N is applied
tangentially to the disc for 10 s, calculate
(i) the angular velocity,(ii) the kinetic energy,
acquired by the disc about its central axis at the end of 10 s. [4 marks]
[Moment of inertia of circular disc, I=2
1MR
2]
2 A car body of mass 1000 kg is supported by a system of springs. When a passenger of mass 80 kg sits
inside the car, the car is depressed by 5.0 cm.
(a) Calculate natural frequency of the car body. [3 marks]
(b) On the same axes, sketch graphs to show the variation of displacement against time for oscillation
which is
(i) underdamped, [3 marks]
(ii) critically damped.
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3 (a) Sketch and label graphs on the same axes to show how the potential energy Uand the force between
atoms Ffor two atoms, depend on the separation, rof the atoms. [2 marks]
(b) What is the change in the shape of the F-rcurve if the material has higher Young Modulus? Explain
your answer. [2 marks]
.
.
.
4 A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes changes of pressure and volume at temperatures 283 K and 1132 K
is shown in the diagram below.
If the r.m.s. speed of the gas molecules at 283 K and 1132 K are v1and v2respectively, determine
(a) the ratio of2
1
v
v. [3 marks]
(b) the number of mole of the gas. [2 marks]
6
4
2
0 1 2 3 V(x10-3
)/m3
P(x105)/Pa
283K
1132K
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5 A small positive charged sphere with mass 0.8 g suspended by a light string from the ceiling in an
electric field of intensity 900 NC-1, is shown in the diagram below.
In the equilibrium position shown, the string makes an inclined angle of 30owith the vertical line.
(a) Label all forces that act on the sphere on the diagram. [3 marks]
(b) Determine the magnitude of the charge on the sphere. [3 marks]
6 Diagram below shows a circuit which uses an operational amplifier.
The voltage supplied to the operational amplifier is from a battery of e.m.f 6 V and with negligible internal
resistance.
(a) Calculate the gain of the operational amplifier. [1 mark]
E300
_
+Vi
+6 V
-6 V Vo
1 k
100 k
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(b) Sketch a graph to show the variation of output voltage Vowith input voltage Viin the rangeof Vi= 0V to Vi= 0.1 V. Explain the shape of the graph obtained. [3 marks]
7 A lens made of glass with refractive index of 1.58 has one concave surface with radius of curvature of
20 cm and one flat surface.
(a) Calculate the focal length of the lens. [2 marks]
(b) A candle is placed 30 cm in front of the concave surface of the lens. Where will the image be formed? [3 marks]
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8 When Uranium-235 nuclei are fissioned by slow-moving neutrons, the induced fission reaction may be
represented by the nuclear equation as follows:
energy2Sr 1095
38
139
54
1
0
235
92 nXenU
The binding energy per nucleonEfor a number of nuclides is given in the table below.
Nuclides E/ MeV
Sr9538 8.74
Xe13954 8.39
U23592 7.60
(a) What is meant by the binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus. [1 mark]
..
..
..
(b) Show that the energy released in this reaction is approximately 211 MeV. [3 marks]
(c) The energy released in another nuclear reaction is 163 MeV. Suggest, with a reason, which ofthe two reactions is more likely to occur. [2 marks]
..
..
...
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Section B [60 marks]
Answer any fourquestions in this section.
9. (a) (i) State Newtons Law of Universe Gravitation. [2 marks]
(ii) Define gravitational field strength. [1 mark]
(iii) Newtons Law of Universe Gravitation may apply to point masses separated by a distance
r. Suggest why, although planets are not point masses, the law may be used to explain the
motion of planets about the Sun. [1 mark]
(iv) Use Newtons law of gravitation and the definition of gravitational field strength to derive
an expression for the gravitational field strength gat a distance rfrom a point massM.
[2 marks]
(v) Explain why the acceleration of free fall is approximately constant between the Earths surface and
a point about 1000m from the surface of the Earth. [2 marks]
(b) A planet orbits the Sun in a circular path of radiusR. The period of the orbit is T.
(i) Show that3
22 4 R
GMT
, whereMis the mass of the Sun and Gis the gravitational constant.
[3 marks](ii) Diagram below shows how log Tvaries with logRfor the various planets.
Use equation in (b) (i) to determine an equation for this graph. Explain how the graph verifiesthe of relation T
2= (constant)R
3. [4 marks]
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10 (a) State two characteristics of standing waves. [2 marks]
(b) A small loudspeaker that emits sound of frequency 790 Hz is placed above a glass resonant
tube containing water, is shown in the diagram below.
Water is slowly drained out from the resonant tube. Loud sounds are first to be heard when the length
l = 9.6 cm and again when l = 30.5 cm.
(i) Describe qualitatively the formation of standing waves in the air column. [3 marks]
(ii) Explain these observations in the above resonant tube. [4 marks]
(iii) Calculate the speed of the sound in air and the end correction. [4 marks]
(iv) If the experiment is repeated when the room temperature is higher, explainshow the resonantlengths would be affected. [2 marks]
11 (a) Explain what is meant by (i) temperature gradient,
(ii) thermal conductivity. [2 marks]
(b) Two different metal rods of the same length and cross sectional area are joined end to end. One end
of the metal rod is maintained at 100oC and the other end is maintained at 0
oC. Sketch labeled
graphs to show the variation of the temperature gradient with distance along the joined rods if both
sides are
(i) perfectly insulated; [2 marks]
(ii) not insulated. [2marks]
Explainalso how the graph for perfectly insulated rods in (i) can be used to compare the thermal
conductivities of the materials of the rods. [2 marks]
(c) The base of the room in a house consists of wooden board which is 15 mm thick and of area
200 m2. The thermal conductivity of the board is 0.15 Wm
-1K
-1. The temperature in the room is
maintained at 0 oC and the base is at 20 oC.
Calculate the rate of heat energy into the room through the base. [2 marks]
If the owner now decides to insulate the room by covering the board with a layer of insulating
material of thickness 10 cm and thermal conductivity of 0.030 Wm-1K-1, calculate
(i) the temperature of the board and insulating material interface [3 marks]
(ii) the new rate of heat energy transfer into the room. [2 marks]
[ Assume the board and insulating material are in good contact ]
Air column
Water
Small loud speaker
Water drained out slowly
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12 (a) Explain what is meant by Hall effect? [2 marks]
(b) A piece of n-type semiconductor connected to a battery so that a currentIflows, is shown in thediagram below.
This current is caused by negative charge carriers or electrons flowing with drift velocity, . A uniform
magnetic fieldBis applied vertical point into the plane and perpendicular to the semiconductor. When
the Hall effect occurs in the semiconductor, a steady potential difference, VHis created between
the opposite horizontal surfaces as shown in the diagram.
(i) By referring to the diagram, explain and derivean expression of Hall potential difference, VHin
terms of magnetic fieldB, currentI, width t, number of charge carrier per unit volume nand
charge carrier, e. [6 marks]
(ii) Explain why the Hall effect occurs in a conducting metal is less efficient compare tosemiconductor. [2 marks]
(iii) Statethe observation on the deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer if thep-typesemiconductor is used. Explain your answer. [3 marks]
(iv) If a piece of semiconductor with width 4.5 mm carries a current of 250 mA is placed into a
uniform magnetic field of 2.0 T and a Hall potential difference of 10.5 mV is created. Determine
the number of charge carrier per unit volume, inside the semiconductor. [2 marks]
GalvanometerVH
t
I
n-type semiconductor
d
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13 (a) When an electron enters perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T, the electron will
moves in a circular path with radius 210-3m. Explain this phenomenon and hence calculate the
wavelength associated with the electron. [5 marks]
(b) What do you understand by
(i) photon,
(ii) de Broglies relationship,
(iii) wave particle duality? [3 marks]
(c) Some of the electron energy levels for a hydrogen atom is shown in the diagram below.
The level n= 1 is the ground state.
(i) Refer to the energy levels, explain briefly how an electric discharge lamp filled with a
hydrogen gas gives rise to a visible line spectrum. [4 marks]
(ii) Calculate the shortest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can be emitted by a
hydrogen atom. [3 marks]
14(a) The process of X-rays production is the inverse of that photoelectric effect. Explain this
statement. [2 marks]
(b) (i) Explain the differences between the process of production of continuous X-rays and the process
of production of characteristic X-rays in an X-ray tube. [4 marks]
(ii) Explain why X-rays are not produced from hydrogen through transition of energy level. [2 marks]
(c) In an X-ray tube, electrons are accelerated by 300 kV to bombard a metal target. The X-rays
produced are analysed in the spectrum obtained.
(i) Sketch a graph of intensity against wavelength to show the typical spectrum possibly obtained.[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the minimum wavelength in the X-ray spectrum. [3 marks]
(iii) Explain how the graph in (c) (i) will vary if a higher voltage is used in the X-ray tube. [2 marks]
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
n=5
n=
2.2 10-18
J
5.4 10-19
J
2.4 10-19
J
1.4 10-19
J
8.8 10-20
J
0
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Answer for PHYSICS TRIAL STPM NEGERI SEMBILAN 2010
1 B 11 B 21 C 31 B 4
2 C 12 C 22 D 32 B 4
3 C 13 D 23 C 33 A 4
4 C 14 C 24 D 34 A 4
5 A 15 D 25 D 35 C 4
6 D 16 B 26 C 36 C 4
7 D 17 A 27 D 37 C 4
8 B 18 C 28 B 38 A 4
9 C 19 A 29 C 39 C 4
10 D 20 A 30 C 40 C
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1
1. Which of the following quantities has no units?
A Work
B Strain
C Momentum
D Youngs modulus
2. A body moving with constant acceleration experiences a constant
A rate of change of force
B rate of change of distance
C rate of change of velocity
D rate of change of displacement
3. A ball is projected vertically upwards reaching a maximum height of 50 m. What is its
velocity after 4.0 s?
A 7.9 m s-1upwards
B 9.7 m s -1upwards
C 7.9 m s-1downwards
D 9.7 m s-1
downwards
4. A sky diver falls with terminal velocity. Which of the statements below is an application
of Newtons third law?
A The resultant force acting on him is zero
B His weight is balanced by the air resistance on him
C His weight is equal to the force on the Earth by him
D The force of gravity on him is equal to the resistance on him
5. A body of mass 2.0 kg is acted upon by a force as shown in the graph below.
If the gain in momentum by the body in time 4.0 seconds is 10 kg m s-1, what is the
value ofx?
A 4 N B 6 N C 8 N D 10 N
F/N
Time/s
x
0 4321
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2
6.
A pendulum bob is whirled round on a smooth horizontal surface by a string of length lat
a constant rate. If the tension in the string is kept constant, which of the following graphs
represents the relation between the speed vof the pendulum bob and the length lof the string?
7. A torque on a rigid body is the
A rotational analogue of mass
B rotational analogue of force
C rate of change of linear momentumD rate of change of rotational kinetic energy
8. Centre of mass of a body is
A The point at which the body will rotate.
B The same as centre of gravity of the body.
C The point at which the weight is considered to act.
D The point at which the mass is considered to concentrate.
9. A satellite of mass m going round the Earth in an orbit of radius r takes time T to
complete one revolution. Another satellite of mass 4mtakes the same time Tto complete one
revolution. The radius of the orbit of the second satellite is
A r4
1 B r
2
1 C r D 2r
l
l
A B
CD
v v
vv
l
lO O
OO
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3
10. Which of the following statements regarding simple harmonic motion is true?
A Acceleration is constant
B Amplitude varies with time
C Frequency decreases with time
D Speed is maximum at equilibrium
11 A particle performs simple harmonic motion. Its velocity leads the displacement by a
phase of
A4
B
2
C D 2
Answer: B
tvtxdt
dxv
txx
o
o
coscos
sin
12 A car with a defective suspension system moves over a bump on the road. Which of the
following graphs correctly shows how the height h of the centre of gravity of the car varies
with time t?
A B
D
C D
Answer: C
Damped oscillation, h > 0.
13 Two points on a progressive wave differ in phase by 3/8 radians. The distance between
them is 0.36 m. What is the wavelength?
A 0.12 m B 0.48 m C 0.96 m D 1.92 m
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4
Answer : D
3/8 radians is equivalent to 0.36 m, 2radians
is equivalent to , = 1.92 m
14 Two progressive waves are represented by the equations
y1= 3.0 sin (20t + 2x) andy2= 2.0 sin (10t + 5x)
Which of the following is the ratio of the intensity ofy1to that ofy2?
A 0.40 B 1.50 C 2.25 D 4.00
Answer : C
Intensity (amplitude)2.
(a1)2= (3.0)2
(a2)2= (2.0)2
15 When a student blows slowly across an open end of a test tube, a fundamental note of
frequencyf is produced. If the student blows harder, the frequencies of the other overtones
are
A 2f, 3f B 3f, 3f C 3f, 4f D 3f, 5f
Ans:
16 Beats of frequency 6.0 Hz is produced by the superposition of two notes of frequenciesf1
and f2. The waveform of the resultant wave is as shown. Which of the following gives the
values of the frequenciesf1andf2?
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A f1= 50 Hz,f2= 44 Hz
B f1= 53 Hz,f2= 47 Hz
C f1= 75 Hz,f2= 69 Hz
D f1= 210 Hz,f2= 204 Hz
Answers: B
Freq. of the resultant wave,
HzfHzf
Hzf
Hzff
Hzff
ff
47,53
1062:)2()1(
)2(0.6.,FreqBeat
)1(100
15.0
5.7
2
21
1
21
21
21
17 Which of the following statements is true about the energy and force between atoms in a
diatomic molecule?
A The force is zero when the potential energy is minimum
B The attractive force is maximum when the potential energy is zero
C The force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between atoms
D The force changes from repulsive force (when the separation is large) to attractive
force (when the separation is small)
18 A wire is stretched beyond the elastic limit and then the applied force is removed. Which
of the following statements describes correctly the behavior of the stretched wire?
A The wire snapsB The wire returns to its original length
C The wire will have permanent extension
D The length of the wire will remain the same as it is when the force is removed
19 A rod of original length and cross-sectional areaAis stretched by e. IfEis the Young
Modulus of the rod, and the change in cross-sectional area of the rod can be neglected, the
energy per unit volume stored in the rod is
A2
2
2
Ee B
22
EeA C
2
Ee D
EeA
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20 The diagram below shows the process of expansion for a fixed mass of an ideal gas.
What is the ratiospeedsquaremeanrootinitial
speedsquaremeanrootfinal for the gas molecule?
A2
3 B
4
3 C
4
3 D
8
3
Ans: A
Therefore;
P/ 105Pa
Final state of as
Initial state of gas8
6
4
2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8V / m
3
2
3
1cnmpv
3
4
6.0102
2.01085
5
2
2
2
1
22
11
c
c
Vp
Vp
2
3
4
3
1
2
c
c
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21 In a mixture of two monatomic gases Y and Z at thermal equilibrium, the molecular mass
of Y is double the molecular mass of Z. The mean translational kinetic energy for Z is
8.2 x 10-21 J per molecule. The mean translational kinetic energy per molecule for Y is
A 4.1 x 10-21
J per molecule
B 5.5 x 10
-21
J per moleculeC 8.2 x 10
-21J per molecule
D 16.4 x 10-21J per molecule
Answer : C
Mean translational kinetic energy = kT2
3, that is independent of mass.
22 The figure below shows the isotherms for a fixed mass of an ideal gas at thermodynamic
temperatures T1and T2.
If T1is 273.15 K, the ice point, then the value T2is
A 91.05 K B 364.20 K C 364.21 K D 819.45 K
Answers
D
p
T1
3x T2
pV
x
nRTpV
1nRTx
23 nRTx
2
1
3 nRT
nRT
x
x
12 3TT
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23 Which of the following is true concerning the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas?
A The internal energy of the gas increases
B The temperature of the gas does not change
C The r.m.s speed of the gas molecules decreases
D The external work done is more than the change in internal energy
24 The diagram shows a lagged metal rod of uniform cross section area. Two ends of the rod
are maintained at steady temperature of 1 and 2. The graph shows the variation of
temperature along the rod in a steady state.
Which of the following is true about the rate of heat flow through the rod,dt
dQ and the
thermal conductivity, kof the material with distance,xfrom the hot end?
dt
dQ k
A Decreases Unchanged
B Increases Unchanged
C Unchanged Decreases
D Unchanged Increases
x x x x x x x x x x
1 lagged
x x x x x x x x x x
rod
2
0
KT 15.2731
KKT 45.81915.27332
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25 Two properly insulated uniform rods, X and Y are arranged as shown in the figure
below.
The thermal conductivity of X is 10 times that of Y. The rods are in steady condition.
Which one of the following statement is correct?
A The rate of heat flow in X is greater than in Y.
B The temperature gradient along X is the same as that along Y.
C The temperatureat the interface between X and Y is nearly 0 C.
D The rate of heat flow will increase if the length of rod X is shortened but the
temperatures 0 C and 100 C of remain the same.
26 The graphs below are drawn to the same scale show the electric potential V between two
points P and Q. Which one shows that the electric field strength between P and Q is the
strongest?
C D
VV
OO QP P Q
0 C100 C
X Y
Thermal insulator C
50 mm 5 mm
A B
V
O QP
V
OQ
P
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27 A capacitor C is charged by using the circuit as shown in the figure below.
When switch S1is opened and then switch S2is closed, the reading of the galvanometer
G is
A zero
B not zero
C decreasing linearly with time until zero
D decreasing exponentially with time until zero
28 Which of the following statements explains correctly the decrease in resistivity of an
intrinsic semiconductor when its temperature increases?
A The drift velocity of the charge carriers increases with temperature.
B The number of charge carriers per volume increases with temperature.
C The rate of collision between the charge carriers and atoms increases with
temperature.
D The amplitude of vibrations of the atoms of a semiconductor increases with
temperature.
[Answer B: ,ne
Refer2
nm
E
and n increases as temperature
increases.
1/then is inversely proportional to ]
S2
S1
G
High resistance
-+C
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11
YX
4R
4R
R
E = 3.5 V
r= 1.5
29 When a potential difference Vis applied across a copper cable of length L and radius r,
the drift velocity of the electron is ve. If the length of the wireL changes, which of the
following graphs shows correctly the variation of vewithL?
[Answer C: I = Aneve = Ve/R thenL
ve1
reciprocal graph
occurs ]
30 An electric circuit is shown below.
If the potential difference across point X and point Y is 2.0 V, what is the value of R?
A 1.0 B 2.0 C 3.0 D 4.0
Answer: C For RRRRR
XY
XY
2so4
1
4
11
Therefore: )]([ VRRr
RV
XY
XYXY
A B
C D
ve
L
ve
L
LL
veve
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12
ohm3.0R
7)35.1(2)5.3)(35.1
2(2
RRR
R
31 A galvanometer with negligible internal resistance and a full scale deflection of 5 mA is
modified for use as a Voltmeter with a full scale deflection of 10V. The correct modification
for the required circuit is
A A resistor of 2 x 102is connected in series to the galvanometer
B A resistor of 2 x 103is connected in series to the galvanometer.
C A resistor of 2 x 104is connected in series to the galvanometer.
D A resistor of 2 x 105is connected in parallel to the galvanometer.
[ANSWER B: Galvanometer should connect in series with the resistor (Multiplier)
Rm
Use V = Vm+ Vg=I (Rm+Rg)
Rm= V/I - Rg= 10/0.005 0 = 2x103ohm ]
32 An electron is launched with velocity vinto a space which has magnetic flux densityB
and an electric field strength E that are perpendicular to each other. If the velocity vof the
electron is uniform, then
AB
Ev ; vis perpendicular toBandE
B
E
Bv ; vis perpendicular toBandE
CB
Ev ; vis perpendicular toB orE
DE
Bv ; vis perpendicular toBorE
[ANS: A Magnetic force = electric force
BeV = eE V = E/B ]
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33 The figure above shows two concentric rings X and Y are on the horizontal plane.
The radius of ring X is r1= 1.0 m and r2= 2.0 m. The current flows in ring Y is four times
the current in ring X but in the opposite direction. What is the resultant magnetic flux density
at the centre of the rings?
A Io5.1 and points towards N
B Io5.0 and points towards N
C Io
5.0 and points towards S
D Io5.1 and points towards S
[Answer B: Use: r
I
B 2
0
for wires X and Y;
Assuming: direction towards N = + and direction towards S = -
Resultant;
NtowardI0.5)1(2
2
)4
4
2o
o
111
I
r
I
r
I
r
IBBB ooo
YXT
X
Y
N
r1 r2
I
4I
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34 Figure (a) shows a rectangular coil PQRS placed in a uniform magnetic field. The
variation of the magnetic flux densityBwith time t is as shown in figure (b)
Which one of the following graphs shows variation of the magnitude of induced e.m.f. E
with time t ?
[ ANSWER A : Use e.m.f. E = - d/dt = -d(BA)/dt EdB/dt ]
4T3T2TT0
E
A
4T3T2TT0
E
B
4T3T2TT0
E
C
4T3T2TT0
E
D
t
B
T 2T 3T0 4T
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
Figure (b)Figure (a)
P Q
S R
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35 Which of the following produce voltage or current by self-induction?
A High voltage or current produced in a transformer
B High voltage produced in a Van de Graff generator
C High voltage produced when the switch in a solenoid circuit is opened
D Current flows in a copper plate when the plate is oscillating in a magnetic field
HINT : High voltage is produced when the switch of a solenoid circuit is turned on,in order to
oppose the collapse of the magnetic flux.
36 An alternating currentIrepresented by the equationI = 4 sin 100tflows in a resistor of
5.0 . IfI is in ampere and tin seconds, find the mean power dissipated in the resistor.
A 10 W B 20 W C 40 W D 160 W
HINT : I0=4 A,Mean power = I02R/2
Mean power = 40 W
37 The op-amp in the circuit shown contains a feedback resistorRf.
What is the function of the feedback?
A To increase the gain
B To oppose the input a.c.
C To increase the bandwidth
D To make the amplifier into non-inverting
38 Which of the following provides direct experimental evidence that light is a transverse
wave but not a longitudinal wave?
A Light can be polarized.
B Light can be diffracted.
C Two coherent light waves can be made to interfere.
D The intensity of light from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance from the source.
Rf
_
+
R
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39 A point object in air is at a distance u in front of a glass sphere of radius r. If the
refractive index of glass is n and the image formed inside the glass sphere is equal to 2u, what
is the value of u?
A rn
n
)2(
)1(2
B r
n
n
)2(2
)1(
C r
n
n
)1(2
)2(
D r
n
n)
2(
Answers : C
)1(2
)2(
1
2
2
1
2
1
n
rnu
r
n
u
n
r
n
u
n
u
40 Coherent monochromatic light illuminates two narrow parallel slits and the interference
pattern that results is observed on a screen some distance beyond the slits. Which
modification will increase the separation between the dark lines of the interference
pattern?
A Increase the distance between the slits
B Use monochromatic light of higher frequency
C Use monochromatic light of longer wavelength
D Decrease the distance between the screen and the slits
Solution: x =D/a, x increases when increases.
Answer: C
41 A monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm illuminates a diffraction grating of 3 x 105
lines per metre. If the zero order is not being considered, how many diffracted fringes can be
observed?
A 2 B 5 C 7 D 10
Answer: D
5
6.5
)10600(90sin103
1
,...3,2,1,0,sin
9
5
m
m
xmx
mmd
o
Total no. of fringes = 10
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42 The graph below shows the results of the photoelectric effect in Milikans experiment.
The intercept of thef-axis of the graph atfodepends on
A the work function
B the stopping potential
C the intensity of radiation
D the frequency of radiation
HINT : W = h f0
43 The de Broglie wavelength of a bullet of mass 0.02 kg and moving at speed 300 ms-1is
A 7.3 10-36
m
B 1.8 10-35m
C 1.1 10-34
m
D 9.9 10-33m
44 Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a hydrogen atom which
undergoes a transition between energy levels of -1.36 x 10-19J and -5.45 x 10-19J.
A 1.36 x1014Hz
B 4.09 x 1014 Hz
C 6.17 x 1014 Hz
D 6.17 x 1019
Hz
45 The cut-off frequency in the continuous X-ray spectrum from an X-ray tube depends on
the
A target metal
B anode current
C filament current
D voltage across the tube
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46 The main principle used to produce laser is
A reflection of light
B radioactive decay
C stimulated emission of photons
D spontaneous emission of photons
47 The rest masses of deuteron , proton and neutron are 2.0150u, 1.0096u and 1.0097u
respectively. A deuteron may disintegrate to a proton and neutron if it
A emits a photon energy 3.1 MeV
B emits a photon of energy 2.0 MeV
C captures a photon of energy 2.0 MeV
D captures a photon of energy 4.1 MeV
48 A sample consists of two radioactive nuclides in equal proportion but each has a different
decay constant. Which graph shows the relation between the initial activity Aoand the initial
total number of radioactive nucleiNoof the sample?
49 Find the binding energy of carbon-12.
(mass of carbon-12 = 11.996706 u, mp= 1.007276 u, mn= 1.008665 u, u = 1.66 x 1027
kg)
A 0.511 MeVB 9.11 MeV
C 14.8 MeV
D 92.4 MeV
N0
Ao
Ao
A
D
N0
Ao
C
N0
Ao
B
N0
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50 Which of the following elementary particles has quark?
A Proton
B Photon
C Electron
D Neutrino
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SECTION A
Solution for question 1
tI [1]
I
t =2.0
102.0 = 10 rads
-1 [1]
Where, I = (10)(0.2)2
= 0.2 kgm2 [1]
10)10)(2.0(2
1
2
1energyKinetic 22 I J
Solution for question 2
(a) Applying Hookes law, F = ke ; 80 x 9.81 = k(5.0 x 10-2
) k= 1.57 x 104Nm-1 [1]
(b)
Solution for question 3
(a)
(b) A higher gradient around the equilibrium r= ro shows higher Young Modulus [1]
because high Young Modulus show higher force constant, which is representing by -dr
dF [1]
[ 1 ]
[1]61.0
1080
1057.1
2
1
[1]2
1
4
Hz
m
kf
Axes with either one label - [1]Shape of the graph for (i) [1]
Shape of the graph for (ii) [1]
(ii) Critically damped
(i) underdamped
time
Displacement
0
Shape of the graph for F-rgraph [1]
Shape of the graph for U-rgraph [1]
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Solution for question 4
(a) since cr.m.s. T 2
1
v
v=
1
2
T
T [1]
=
283
1132 [1]
= 2 OR ratio is 2:1 [1]
(b) Use PV = nRT RT
PVn [1]
=)283)(31.8(
)101)(102( 35 = 8.50 x 10
-2mol [1]
Solution for question 5
Solution for question 6
(a)Gain = -k
k
1
100= -100 [accept answer: 100] [ 1 ]
(b)
qE= Tsin 30o..(1)
mg=Tcos 30o(2) [ 1 ]
]1[Cx105.0
900)30)(tan81.9)(108.0(
[1]E
mgtan30q:Eq(2)Eq(1)
6-
3
0
o
0
Vi(V)
t
0
Vo(V)
t
-6
0.06
Since this is an inverting op-amp with gain 100, henceVo= -100Vi
-6 = -100 Vi
Vi= 0.06V
Saturation is said occured at 6V because volta e su lied is of 6V
Shape of the graph [1]
Label on 0.06V or calculation [11
Show saturation [1]
Arrows & labels 3 forces [ 3 ]
W
T
E30
0
F =eE
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Solution for question 7
(a)
)
1
20
1
)(158.1(
111
1
21
rrn
f
Focal length, f= - 34.5 cm
(b) Using
[1]5.34
11
30
1
111
v
fvu
v= -16.0 cm [1]
The image is 16.0cm from the lens on the same side as the object. [1]
Solution for question 8
(a) The energy required to break a nucleus apart into neutrons and protons, all infinitely far apart, and
this energy is divided by number of nucleon of the nucleus. OR
The binding energy of the nucleus divided by the total number of neutrons and protons making it up.
[ 1 ]
(b) Energy released = (Total binding energies of Xe-139 and Sr-95) Binding energy of U-235 [ 1 ]
= (8.39139)+(8.7495)(7.60235) [ 1 ]
= 210.51 MeV
211 MeV [ 1 ]
(c) The reaction that releases more energy (211 MeV) is more likely to occur. This is because the
more energy released, the more stable the daughter nuclei will be. [1]
A heavy nucleus undergoes fission such that its products will be more stable than the parent
nucleus. [1]
[ 1 ]
[ 1 ]
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SECTION BSolution for question 9
(a) (i) The gravitational force of attraction Fbetween two particles of masses m1and m2separated by
a distance of ris directly proportional to the product m1m2and inversely proportional to r2.[1]
This gravitational force which is force of attraction, acts along the line joining the two particles.
[1]
OR F-2
21
r
mmand symbols used are defined.
(ii) Gravitational force per unit mass
(iii) r is very large compared to radius of the planet, so planet behaves as a point mass.
(iv)
2
2
1
r
GM
mr
Mm
G
m
Fg
[1]
(v) radius of Earth is 1000 m [1] and22 )1000(
11
EERR
[1]
(b) (i)
(ii)From the equation3
22 4
RGM
T
y = mx + c
It is a straight line graph with gradient, m= 1.5
32
2
2
3
2
2
4
2
2
RGM
T
TR
GM
T
mRR
GMm
Hence, verified
Relationship or formulas with definition of symbols [1
Negative sign [1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
)4
log(2
1log
2
3log
)4
log(log3log2
)log()4
log()log(
2
2
32
2
GMRT
GMRT
RGM
T
[1]
[1]
[1][1]
From the graph given :
5.1
53.15.1013.12
5.60.9gradient
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Solution for question 10
(a) Two characteristics of standing waves :
Wave profile does not move
Energy is not transferred
There are nodes and antinodes
Points between a node and an antinodes have different amplitudes
Points between 2 successive nodes oscillate in phase with the same frequency
Choose any two [ 2 ]
(b) (i) Sound wave of a fixed frequency from the loud speaker travels into the tube and is reflected by the
water surface. [1]
The reflected wave has the same frequency and amplitude as the incident wave, but travels in the
opposite direction. [1]
Superposition between two waves produces standing waves. [1]
(ii) The column of air in the glass tube is forced into oscillation by sound waves from the loudspeaker.
Loud sounds are heard when there is resonance because the air column vibrates with a largest amplitude.When l = 9.6 cm, the air column is in the fundamental mode of vibration.
When l = 30.5 cm, the air column is in the first overtone. [4]
(b) (iii) 9.6 cm + e =4
and 30.5 cm + e =
4
3
(30.5 9.6) cm =2
=
f
v
2 =
)790(2
v [ 1 ]
Speed of sound, v = 2(790)(0.209) m s1= 330 m s
1 [ 1 ]
From 9.6 cm + e =4
, (
2
= 20.9 cm)
end correction, e =4
- 9.6 cm
= (10.45 9.6) cm [ 1 ]
= 0.85 cm [ 1 ]
(iv) When the temperature is higher, the speed of sound in air is higher, OR wavelength is longer. [ 1 ]
Hence the resonant lengths are larger. [1]
Solution for question 11
. (a) (i) Temperature gradient is the change of temperature per unit length of the conductor. [ 1 ]
(ii) Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat flow per unit cross-sectional area pertemperature gradient. OR [ 1 ]
k =
dx
dA
dt
dQ
where,dt
dQ= rate of heat flow; A= cross-sectional area;
dx
d= temperature gradient
[1]
[1]
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(b) (i)
Explanation :
dxd
1ty,conductiviThermal
k
hence material with higher k will have smaller temperature gradient [ 1 ]
(c) Use formula : Rate of heat energy,dt
dQ= - kA
dx
d= (0.15)(200)
31015
020
[ 1 ]
= 40 kW [ 1 ]
(i)Temperature of the board and insulating material interface, =)(
)(
2
2
1
1
2
22
1
11
kk
kk
[ formula - 1]
[ substitution - 1]
= 20oC [ final answer with correct unit 1 ]
(ii) New rate of heat energy,dt
dQ'= kA
dx
d=
)(
)( 21
ii
i
Ak
= 1.17 kW [ 1 ]
Shape of the graph [1]
different gradient [1]
[Curve shape to show different of
average gradient & label axis [2]]
[1]
[1]
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Solution for question 12
(a) Hall Effect The production of an e.m.f on a current-carrying conductor or semiconductor due to theapplication of magnetic field in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of the current. [2]
(b) (i)
- The magnetic force Fmacts on electrons by the magnetic field will deflect electrons to the upper side of
the semiconductor whereas the lower surface of the semiconductor is induced positively. [1]
-This result in a potential difference Vbetween the two sides and an electric field occurs across QP. Thiselectric field will produce an electric force Fe acts on the electrons in the direction against the magnetic
force FBas shown in the diagram. [1]
- The magnitude of Fewill increase as the electric fieldEincreases due to more electrons deflected to the
upper side of the semiconductor. However ,this deflection process of electrons will stop when FB= Fe and
a steady p.d., VHwill produce across PQ.FB= Fe [1]
evB = eEBv = E
Substitute v = I/Aneand E= VH/d
net
BI
tdne
BId
neA
BId
d
V
Ane
IB H
H
H
V
dtAwhere)(
V)(
(ii) Metal has much more number of charges per volume, n than semiconductor. Since VHis inversely
proportional to naccording to the above equation, therefore the value of Hall voltage, VHproduced in
semiconductor is bigger and more obvious than in the metal. [2]
(iii) The pointer of the galnanometer will deflect to reverse direction or to the right hand side because the Hall
Effect will produce a reverse p.d across the PQ due to the magnetic force will deflect positive charge carriers(Holes) to the upper side of the semiconductor whereas the lower surface of the semiconductor is induced
negatively. [3]
(iv)
322
3193
3
H
106.6
)105.4)(1060.1)(105.10(
)10250)(0.2(BIn
nqt
BIV
m
qtVUse
H
v
FB=Beve
FE=eE
- - - - - - - - -
EVHd
t
P
Q
I
B
Diagram [1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
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Solution for question 13
(a) When an electron enters perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field, the
electron will experience a magnetic force Fwhich is always at right angles to the
direction of the electron, as shown in the diagram. [1]
The electron will constantly change its direction of motion, so that a circularpath is formed. [1]
Magnetic force = Centripetal force
r
mvBev
2
[1] mBer
h
mv
h 11101.2 [1+1]
(b)(i) photon is a quantum of energy hf for electromagnetic radiation where his the Planck constant andf
is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. [1]
(ii) The de Broglies relationship gives the value of wavelengthp
h where his the Plancks constant.
[1]
(iii) The wave-particle duality refers to the wave nature of a particle under certain specific conditionsand the converse is also true. [1]
(c ) (i) 1. Electrons excited into higher energy levels. [1]2. When they fall back to lower energy levels, radiation / light (a photon) is emitted. [1]
3. The visible spectrum is caused by electron transitions among pairs of energy levels, emitting
radiation / photons with wavelengths in the visible region of the EM spectrum. [1]4. Line spectrum because only transitions between the defined / discrete levels occur. [1]
(ii)
m100.9
102.2)103)(1063.6(
)10x(-2.2-0
hcEORfcand
8
18834
18-
E
E
hfE
OR show usingdiagram - [2]
1
1
1
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Solution for question 14
. (a) In photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from the metal surface when it illuminated by light,
that is, photon. [ 1 ]
In the production of X-rays, electromagnetic radiation, that is photons, are emitted fromthe metal surface when the metal is hit by electrons. [ 1 ]
(b) (i) Continuous spectrum is produced when the electron bombarding the anode target experience
deceleration. [ 1]
Kinetic energy of the electron is changed into photon or radiated as
electromagnetic wave. [ 1 ]
The line spectrum is produced by transition of electron from higher energy
level to a lower energy orbit in the anode atom. [ 1 ]
The energy difference between the two orbits is radiate as a photon ofdiscrete wavelength. [ 1 ]
(ii) There is only one proton in the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Therefore thedifference in energy level is small. [ 1 ]
This is not enough to produce photon energy needed for X-ray productionwhen transition of energy level occur. Hence, X-rays are not produced from
the hydrogen atom. [ 1 ]
(c) (i) Intensity Characteristic line
min wavelength
[ shape of graph = 1 ]
[ Characteristic lines andmin = 1 ]
(ii) [ 1 ]
min== [ 1 ]
= 4.14 x 10-12
m [ 1 ]