N6873E_EPAC

8/11/2019 N6873E_EPAC

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Numerical technology workingto provide quality electric power systems

Features- Use on all types of networksincluding Petersen coil,

- detection of all types of fault,- has a back-up device to detectpersistent faults not identifiedby the distance protection unit,

- single or three pole tripping,- five zones,- quadrilateral measurementscharacteristics for all types of faults,

- optional fault location withmutual coupling compensation,

- optional disturbance recording,- optional synchro check andreclosure,

- optional four independentgroups of setting can be storedin the relay,

- optional back-up protectionoverload, overvoltage,undervoltage.

Benefits- Compact design minimisingspace occupation,

- high function integrationminimising wiring,

- comprehensive self checkingreducing commissioning andmaintenance times,

- modular concept allowingeasy evolution of theequipment,

- easy integration into a

numerical substationcommand/control system,

- quick and easy analysis of thefault conditions,

- dual algorithm principleproviding accuracy and highperformance.

ApplicationEPAC completes GECALSTHOM’s range of productsin the field of numericalprotection, and is targetted atdistribution and transmissionnetworks up to 225 kV. It is thelatest addition to the distanceprotection range. The EPAC canbe used as the main protectionfor networks whether they aresolidly earthed, impedanceearthed or earthed via aPetersen coil. The distanceprotection of the equipment iscapable to detect all types of fault, it is suitable for bothoverhead lines and networkcables.

Figure 1 - EPAC 3000 Protection

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Distance protectionEPAC trips its associated circuitbreakers in the event of phase-to- phase or phase-to-earth faultsoccuring on overhead powerlines or network cables. Its

protection schemesimultaneously employs fastalgorithms, using superimposedvalues in order to eliminateload current, wich respond onlyto phase values that are relatedto the fault, and conventionalalgorithms using valuesmeasured during the fault in thesame way as conventionalprotection.

Measurement

characteristicsThe measurementcharacteristics are quadrilateralfor all types of fault.The characteristics provides :- 4 forward zones,

- 1 reverse zone.

Directional measurement Fast algorithms use superimposedcomponents values. Conventionalalgorithms are also used, utilizing

memorized voltage values.Phase selectionFast algorithms comparesuperimposed currents.Conventional algorithms useimpedance and overcurrentcriteria.

Distance to fault measurement Distance to the fault is measuredusing a model that is able todiscriminate between the voltagedrop on the line and that causedby the fault. This model removesthe error due to the fault resistancewhatever the load current. A leastsquares method is used to get the

algorithms to converge rapidly.TrippingSingle-phase or three-phase,depending on the type andlocation of the fault.

Remote precisionAvailable options are :- basic,- zone 1 extension,- permissive underreach,

- permissive overreach,- blocking,- unblocking.

Weak infeed and echoThe relay can detect a conditionwhere the infeed to a line end istoo low to detect a fault by usingits weak infeed logic. If a WIcondition is detected, any signalreceived from the remote relay willbe returned by the ECHO logicand the local relay may trip single

phase or three phases.

Voltage transformersupervision

The EPAC is able to detect thefailure of a fuse in the VT circuit.

The detection equation used is :zero sequence voltage presentand zero or negative sequencecurrent absent (Vo. (Io + I2)).

The protection may also beblocked by an external signalissued from a mini circuit breaker.

Switch on a fault detectionThe EPAC will send an immediatethree-phase trip signal if it detectsa fault within 160 milliseconds of the line closing.

Detection of powertransformer inrush current Using the current valuesmeasured, when the system isenergized the EPAC detects if there is inrush current due to apower transformer on the system.It can thus avoid spurioustripping.

Overload, overvoltage,undervoltage protections(option)The overload protection maxI tripsthree phases if the current measuredis higher than a settable thresholdduring a time defined by the IEC orANSI curves (see table 1).

The undervoltage protection miniUtrips three phases if the voltagemeasured is lower than a settablethreshold during a settable time.

The overvoltage protection maxU

energizes an alarm contact if thevoltage measured is higher than asettable threshold during asettable time.

X

R

Linecharacteristic

Zone 4

Zone 3

Zone 2

Zone 5

Zone1

R Lim- RLim

R1

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The power of numerical systems :precision, safety, reliability

Directional earth fault protection (option)Directional earth fault protection(DEF) is designed to protectinstallations against faults that arehighly resistive and can not be

detected by the distance protection.The directional earth faultprotection has these featuresselectable via the man machineinterface :- time delayed three-phasetripping, either definite time orinverse definite minimum timeusing a selection of built-in IEC orANSI curves (see table 1),

- aided single-phase tripping viapermissive overreach, unblocking

or blocking schemes (dependingon the model), which works inconjunction with the distantscheme, sharing or not the samesignalling channels.

Power swing tripping andblocking (option)To detect a loss in synchronism ora power swing, the EPAC uses a

zone adjustable in the X/R-plane,surrounding the start-upcharacteristic. The three single-phase loops are monitored for

losses in synchronism. If a powerswing is detected, it can blockthe operation of the distanceelements or it can trip the line asrequired.

Automatic auto-reclosefunction (option)The EPAC can be equipped withan optional auto reclose facility.

The range of functions includes :- single or multi shot auto-reclose,up to 4 shots,

- 3 poles auto-reclose for all faulttypes,

- 1 pole auto reclose for single-phase faults, no reclose for multi-phase faults,

- 1 pole auto-reclose for single-phase faults, 3 pole auto-reclosefor multi-phase faults,

- integration with an external auto-reclose equipment,

- auto-reclose controlled by anexternal protection.

Detection single-phase cyclein progressThe relay can detect a single-phase auto-reclose cycle and takeappropriate action in the event of another fault occurring.

Check synchronising function(option)The EPAC can be equipped with acheck synchronism function. It canoperate with the integrated auto-reclose function mentioned above,the range of functions permittedare :- selection of busbar incomingvoltage,

Curves Operating time (s)

Standard inverse0,14

(I/IE) - 1 TM

0,02

Very inverse13,5

(I/IE) - 1 TM

Extremely inverse80

(I/IE) - 1 TM

2

Curves Operating time (s)

Moderatelyinverse

0,01040,0226 +

0,0963 +

0,18 +

(I/IE) - 1 TM

Inverse5,95

(I/IE) - 1 TM

Very inverse

Extremely

inverse

3,88

(I/IE) - 1 TM

2

2

2

0,0352 +

5,67

(I/IE) - 1 TM2

Equations for IEC curves : Equations for US curves :

Table 1 : DEF protection time delay trip times.

- TM adjustable from 0 to 3,2by 0.01 step.

- IE adjustable from 0 to 4 IN by0.01 step.

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- live busbar, dead line closing,- dead busbar, live line closing,- live busbar, live line closing(synchronization),

- differencies ∆f, ∆U, ∆ϕ settable.

Fault location function(option)The EPAC can be fitted with anoptional fault locator.Improved fault locating for doublecircuit lines can be achieved byfeeding into the EPAC themeasurement of the zero sequencecurrent flowing on the other line.The last ten fault locations arestored and can be displayed onthe LCD front panel or relayed toa remote terminal.

fault reportsThe fault report is a record of thevalues measured during a fault to

allow it to be analysed. Thesevalues are recorded each time theprotection sends a tripping

command.The EPAC stores the last ten faultreports in a non-volatile memory.

Disturbance recording(option)The disturbance recording functionenables storage of events up to10 s worth, in a built-in nonvolatile mass memory.Each record comprises 8

analogue and 32 logic signals.The recorded data may beremotely transfered to substationcontrol systems via CEI 870-5communication board (VDEWcommunication protocol, forexample).The disturbance recording featureis also fully compatible with GECALSTHOM - TPE 2000 disturbancerecording system : EPAC can belinked by current loop to UR 2000concentration and restitution unit,

or by serial link to WIN TPEdisturbance analysis software oncomputer.

Measurement functionThe measurement function isable to measure analogquantities, current, voltage,active and reactive power, aswell as the direction of the loadcurrent in the network at theinstant it is requested.

PC - EPACMMI

Filters

Filters

U

I

EPAC ARCHITECTURE

MMI RS232LCD front

Local display

RS232local commu-

nicationExternal

link

Inputs

Outputs

M u l t i p l e x o r

Disturbancerecordersystem

Win TPE

- current loop

- IEC 870-5standard

Filtersprotectionalgorithms

logiccommunication

S/HandADC

Protected against electromagneticinterference in substation

RS232

PC

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Multiple setting groupsFour groups of settings arestored in a non-volatilememory.Any group from these four can

be selected via a PC, thedisplay on the front of the unitor via a signal applied to twodedicated inputs.

CommunicationsCommunications arecompatible with IEC 870-5recommandations. Thecommunications board enablesremote or local interrogation of the EPAC.

Self-checkingThe relay constantly runs self-checks. In the event of a failureof a device, an alarm istriggered and a self-diagnosticssystem enables quick and easytrouble-shooting.

ArchitectureThe EPAC is a numerical relay

providing :- input circuits with anti-aliasingfilters

- acquisition of residualquantities allowing constantmonitoring of sampled values

- 16-bit sampling of currentvalues and 12-bit sampling of voltage values

- filtering and computation of derived quantities and

protection algorithms by areal-time signal processor

- tripping logic, management of logic acquisitions and signals

IL1

Io-1

Inputcurrents

Inputvoltages

Image of zero sequencecurrent flowing on the

other line for fault locationfunction

Busbar voltagefor check

synchronisingfunction

T r i p s

I n p u t s

Simplified EPAC 3000 connection diagram

IL2 IL3 IN UL1 UL2 UL3 UB TMH

Io-1trip Atrip Btrip C

closing

devicefault

Io-1orIo-2

devicefault

Io-1

Io-1

input 1

input 2

input 3

input 4

input 5

input 6

input 7

input 8

Signallingcontact

contact 1

contact 2

contact 3

contact 4

contact 5

contact 6

contact 7

contact 8contact 9

contact 10

contact 11

contact 12

contact 13

contact 14

contact 15

contact 16

A d d i t i o

n a

l

I o - 1

o r

I o - 2

T r i p

s

A d d i t i o n a

l I o - 1

i n p u t s

A d d i t i o n a

l I o - 1

o r I o - 2

s i g n a

l l i n g

o u t p u t c o n t a c t

S i g n a

l l i n g o u t p u t c o n t a c t

trip Atrip Btrip C

closing

input 9

input 10

input 11

input 12

input 13

input 14

input 15

input 16

contact 17

contact 18

contact 19

contact 20

contact 21

contact 22

contact 23

contact 24

contact 25

contact 26

contact 27

contact 28

contact 29

contact 30

contact 31contact 32

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Interactive protection :a user-friendly MMI

Input/output The standard version of theEPAC has :- 8 allocatable opticallyisolated logic inputs,

- 16 allocatable output contactsfor signalling,- 3 trip contacts that can beconnected directly to thecircuit breaker coil,

- 1 reclosing contact,- 1 fault device contact,- 4 input current transformers,- 3 input voltage transformers,- 1 input voltage transformer forsynchronizing (busbar voltage),

- 1 input voltage transformer for

mutual couplingcompensation,

- 1 additional board (IO-1 or IO-2)to accommodate a further 16output contacts, 8 opticallyisolated inputs, 3 trips 1reclosing contact and 1 faultdevice contact.

Communication to a PCThe EPAC is programmed andoperated through the RS 232

link on the front of the unit, orvia the communications boardfrom a PC running theprogramming software PCEPAC MMI. The man-machineinterface (MMI) runs on anycompatible PC supporting MS-DOS operating system.

It does not require any extramemory and will run with VGA,EGA and CGA monitors.

MMI softwareThe user interface is based onpull-down menus and dedicatedscreens for each set of functions.

The user moves within a screenor from one screen to anothervia a small number of keys thatare indicated at all times, andis able to call up on-line helpfor assistance. Parameters and

values stored in the EPAC canbe displayed by connecting aPC to the front of the unit.

Parameters are entered orchanged via a user definableprotection password.

Front panel display (option)Dialogue through the frontpanel display offers the samefeatures as with the PC EPAC

software. The Man-MachineInterface software is stored onthe displays interface card.Functions are selected using sixkeys on the keyboard. Thedisplay is a 2-line, 16-characterback-lit LCD capable of displaying all of the unit’sinternal parameters to enablelocal consultation without theneed to connect to a PC.

Maintenance softwarePC EPAC also Includes acommissioning andmaintenance support programto facilitate commissioning testsand provide guidance formaintenance personel.

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Technical data

Auxiliary supply - DC/DC Converter 48V, 60V, 110V, 125V, 220V, 250V- Tolerance -20, +20% ; -20, +10% for 250 V- Burden in standby condition 25W- Burden in fault condition 30W- Permissible ripple 20% superimposed over nominal

Analogue input circuits- Rated voltage 100V to 120V- Maximum permissible continuous voltage 2.2.Vn- Voltage input burden 0.1VA- Rated current 1A or 5A- Maximum continuous current withstand 4 In- Overload current withstand for 10s 30 In- Overload current withstand for 1s 100 In- Current input burden 0.1VA (1A), 0.5VA (5A)

Trip and closing contact - Maximum operating voltage 250V- Make and carry current (0.5s) 30A- Continuous current 5A- Breaking capacity (L/R < 40 ms) 0.75A at 48 Vcc

0.3A at 125 Vcc0.15A at 220-250 Vcc

Signalling contact- Maximum operating voltage 250Vcc- Continuous current 5A- Breaking capacity (L/R < 40 ms) 0.75A at 48 Vcc

0.3A at 125 Vcc0.15A at 220-250 Vcc

Line parameters- Rated frequency 50 or 60 Hz- Neutral earthing direct

isolated or impedance earthed- Line length in km or miles 0.3 to 300 km in steps of 0.01

Positive (Zd) and zero sequence (Zo1 and Zo2) impedances in polar coordinates- Modulus of positive impedance Zd secondary ohms- Argument of positive impedance 45° to 90° in step of 1°- Modules of zero sequence impedances Zo1, Zo2 secondary ohms- Argument of zero sequence impedances 45° to 90° in step of 1°

Positive impedance (Zd) and earth coefficients (Ko1 and Ko2)Positive reactance (Xd) in secondary ohmsPositive resistance (Rd) in secondary ohmsKox1, Kox2 imaginary parts of Ko1 and Ko2 realKor1, Kor2 real parts of Ko1 and Ko2 real

(1) Ko = ;Zo - Zd

3Zd-3 +3

Xo - Xd

3Xo

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Technical data

Protective gear monitoring parameters- Phase-Phase loop resistance for zone 1 secondary ohms 0 to 200 in steps of 1- Phase-Earth loop resistance for zone 1 secondary ohms 0 to 200 in steps of 1- Phase-Earth and phase-phase loop resistancefor the other zones secondary ohms 0 to 200 in steps of 1

- Zone 1 limit (2) secondary ohms 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.001- Zone 2 limit (2) secondary ohms 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.001- Zone 3 limit (2) secondary ohms 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.001- Zone 4 limit (2) secondary ohms 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.001- Zone 5 limit (2) amont secondary ohms 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.001(2) values for 1A rating; for 5A rating divide by 5.

Time delay - First step time delay (T1) 0 to 10 s in steps of 5 ms- Second step time delay (T2) 0 to 10 s in steps of 5 ms- Third step time delay (T3) 0 to 10 s in steps of 5 ms- Fourth step time delay (T4) 0 to 10 s in steps of 5 ms

Remote protection

- Type of tripping single-phase for zones 1 and 2single-phase for zone 1three-phase for all zones

- Protection scheme basiczone 1 extensionpermissive under reachpermissive overreachBlocking under reachBlocking over reach

- Unblocking on HF acknowledgment noneunblockingHF acknowledgment

- Signal send zone 1 signal sendzone 2 signal send

reverse zone signal send

Teed FeederRemote activation features on the second remote protection channel for the teed line are the same asthose available on the first channel.

Weak infeed and echo- Weak infeed echo configuration yes/no- Blocking of function in event of power swing yes/no

no trippingthree-phase trippingsingle-phase tripping

- Confirmation if voltage low yes/no- If yes, voltage drop threshold 0.1 to 1 Vn in steps of 0.1

Power swings operation- Power swing band impedance secondary ohms LV from 0 to 25 in

steps of 0.01 (1)- Operation of zone 1 yes/no- Power swing blocking no blocking

in all zoneszone 1 unblockingunlatching zones 1 and 2unlatching zones 1, 2 and 3

- Signal send blocked during power swing yes/no- Signal received ignored during power swing yes/no- Unblocking time delay 0 to 30 s in steps of 100 ms- Unblocking on detection of current threshold

(% of reverse current) 10 to 100% in steps of 1- Unblocking on detection of current threshold(% of residual current) 10 to 100% in steps of 1

- Unblocking on detection of overcurrent 1 to 20 In in steps of 0.01- Power swing detection time 5 ms(1) values for 1 A rating; for 5 A rating divide by 5

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Technical data

Voltage transformer supervision- Negative and zero sequence blockingcurrent threshold 0.05 to In in steps of 0.01

- Time delay 1 to 20 s in steps of 1 s

Seal-in current - Enabled yes/no- Threshold 0.1 to In in steps of 0.1

Auto-reclose AR - Cycles enabled T1, T2, T3 or T4- Type of shots first shot other shots

. single pole AR nonethree pole AR2 x three pole AR3 x three pole AR

. three pole AR nonethree pole AR2 x three pole AR3 x three pole AR

- Time for each shot 0.1 to 5 s 1 to 100 sin steps of 10 ms in steps of 0.1 s

- Reclaim time 1 to 500 s in steps of 0.1 s- Close command duration 0.1 to 10 s in steps of 10 ms

Check synchronising- Possible modeDead line / live busbar UL < / UB >Live line / dead busbar UL > / UB <Dead line / dead busbar UL < / UB <Synchronising UL > / UB >Voltage difference 0.1 to VN in steps of 0.1 VN

Frequency difference 0.05 to 5 Hz in steps of 0.01 HzAngle difference 10 to 70° in steps of 5°UL > 0.5 to VN in steps of 0.05 VN

UB > 0.5 to VN in steps of 0.05 VN

UL < 0.1 to 0.4 VN in steps of 0.05 VN

UB < 0.1 to 0.4 VN in steps of 0.05 VN

Switch-on-to-faults- Closing detection threshold current 1 to 9.9 In in steps of 0.1

Reversal guard- Current reversal guard timer 0 to 150 ms in steps of 10 ms

Fault location- Distance to fault secondary ohms, primary ohms, km, miles,

% of the line length- Disturbance recorderMeasured values IL1, IL2, IL3, IR, UL1, UL2, UL3, UR

binary input, fault detection,100 to 500 ms in steps of 100 ms100 ms to 3 s in steps of 100 ms

Distance protection sensitivity - Current threshold 0.2 In- Directional sensitivity unlimited for all types of fault

unlimited for 10 s for close-up (memory voltage)Distance protection accuracy - For SIR < 30 and current of 0.2 to 30 In 5% of adjusted value- Other zones 10% of adjusted value

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Technical data

Typical operating time 28 ms

Climatic conditions To standard IEC-68-2Tests : Characteristics :- Operating temperature -10 to +55˚C

- Storage temperature -40 to +70˚C- Relative humidity without condensation 95%

Mechanical withstand capabilities To standard IEC 255-21Tests : Characteristics :- Vibrations Class 1- Shocks Class 1- Free fall test in packaging 2 free falls from 0.5 m

Electromagnetic compatibility To standard IEC 255-22Tests : Characteristics :- Damped oscillating wave 2.5 KV / 1 MHz between circuit and earth- Damped oscillating wave 1 KV / 1 MHz between circuits

- Electrostatic discharge 8 KV- Electromagnetic interference 80 MHz - 1000 MHz 10 V/m- Fast transient between circuit and earth 2 KV 5 KHz 1 min.- Fast transient between open contacts 1 KV 5 KHz 1 min.

Electrical isolation Conforme à la norme IEC 255-5Tests : Characteristics :- High-vol tage impulse withstand capability 5 KV, 1.2 / 50 microseconds ; 0.5 J- Insulation resistance > 100 MΩ at 500 VDC- Dielectric strength 2 KV 50 Hz 1 min.- Degres of protection IP40 for 4U case, IP50 for 1/2 rack 6U

First type of case1 4U 19" rack 483 mm x 177 mm x 266,5 mmWeight 14 kg

Second type of case1/2 rack 6U 240 mm x 266,7 mm x 266,5 mmWeight 14 kg

4

U

6 U

465.10±1.60

450.00 min.

1 7 7

. 8 0

2 6 6 . 7 0

1 0 1

. 6 0

1 9 0 . 5 0

3 5 . 7 0

3 1 . 7 5

3 8 . 1 0

3 8 . 1 0

4 taraudages M6.00

4 taraudages M6.00

Découpe pour 2x1/2 6U

sur cadre 19'' 6U

Glissière indispensable

Glissière indispensable

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N6873E_EPAC