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n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

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Page 1: n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

H C O B ~ H H H ~ ~ n y 6 0 ~ - O a H a M3 ~ ~ ~ H O B M A H O C T ~ ~ ? HBPOA-

HOrO ~ 3 0 6 p a 3 ~ ~ e J I b ~ 0 ~ 0 UCKYCCTBB. Ero B03HAKHOBeHkie M IUMpO-

KOe ~ H T O B ~ H M ~ npIlXOAATC% H a C p a B H U T e n b H O n03JlHMfi n e p r l O A

MCTOPHH HapOAHOrO T B O p Y e C T B a - C e p e A M H y XVIIl U XIX BeK,

K O r A a MHOrkle A p y r H e BRAN A ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ M T ~ J I ~ H o I Y ~ HapOS(HOr0

HCKyCCTBa - POCnMCb no n e p e B y , K H H X H a S MMHHaTWpa, n e Y a T -

&dl rpa@aseceair n y 6 o ~ - yxe nporrmn o n p e a e n e ~ ~ ~ i r n y T b

B ACTOPUKO-KynbTypOJIOrUWCKOM a C n e K T e p I l c 0 ~ a H ~ L d f i

OK n p e n c T a s n m e T co608 O A H ~ a3 k i n o c ~ a c e f i H a p o n H o r o nso- s U T e n b H O F 0 IlpHMkiTLiBa, CTOSUlylO B 6 n u 3 ~ 0 ~ p 9 A Y C TaKAMH

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CTOPOHH, n c pocnac~m H a npmrax, c y H g y e a x u n c ~ y c - y K p a I U e H U X pyKOllMCHblX KHMr - C ~ p y r ~ f i . B H e M ZLKKYMY-

a n A C b U A e a A b H b l e H a r I a A a @ o J I ~ K J I o ~ H o ~ o BCTeTUlleCKOIW

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HMWTHBHOFO TBOpYeCTBa.

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S T b M H T e p e C a A n n 3HaTOKOB H nm6a~enefi HapOnHOIY3

dw ? fF I .

Page 2: n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

P H C O B ~ H H M ~ ~ n y 6 o ~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K

~ e K ~ U O H U p O B a H M % , O H A O B O n b H O peAOK B ~ H ~ J I H O T ~ ~ H H X #My3

H M X c06pa~uapsx. ~ O C Y A ~ P C T B ~ H H M ~ ~ M C T O P W ~ I ~ C K M ~ ~ My3efi paC naraeT s H a s ~ ~ e n b ~ o f i ~ o n n e ~ u u e f i 3~01-o penKoro snna naMnT KOB (152 npemera no ~ a ~ a n o r y ) . OH^ c@op~nposanacb ~3

CTOB, flOCTyflHBlllNX B 1905 Pony B COCTaBe co6pa~rzfi TaK

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Page 3: n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

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paxeaue u TeKcT,

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Page 4: n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

n o H a q a n y B c T a s a n n nepen C T ~ ~ O O ~ ~ ~ ~ # ~ ~ C K H M H M a c T

M ~ o r n a XYnOXHHKM nPIfMO 3aMMCTBOBaJIH T e MnU

C h o X e T b I M3 n e Y a T H O r O n y 6 ~ a , n p n c n o c a 6 n k i ~ a a MX n n 5 l

U e n e f i . Bce 3aMMCTBOBaHki5l OTHOCaTC5l K n O y Y M T e A b H 0 -

CTBeHHbIM C K ) X e T a M , KaKMX HeMZAO 6 b 1 n o B I'paBMpOBa

H a p O n H b t X KapTMHKaX XVIII-XIX BeKOB.

* * .

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B: KH83K) MMLLI~IAKoMY, H I l e p B b l X H ~ C T O S I T ~ J I ~ ~ ~

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astC

Page 5: n. · PHCOB~HHM~~ ny6o~ He 6un IIpeAMeTOM CneUHanbHoro K ~eK~UOHUpOBaHM%,OHAOBOnbHO peAOK B~H~JIHOT~~HHX #My3 HMX c06pa~uapsx.~OCYA~PCTB~HHM~~ MCTOPW~I~CKM~~ My3efi paC naraeT sHas~~enb~ofi

e C T b TOrO, B q e M paCXOAHJlUCb C T ~ P O O ~ P P A U M C n O C n e A O B 8

p e @ o p M H H R K O H ~ ( K ~ T . 61, 102). W H O ~ A ~ PUCYHKU A e n a R

H a OAHOM, a H a AByX n a p H b I x n H c T a x ( K ~ T . 5, 6). Hem M a c T e p a x a ~ p u s a p o ~ a n u n o n o 6 ~ ~ e a306paxe~ua - n o w B u H T e p b e p e x p a M a c s n q e H H u K o e u n y 6 n u ~ y , npunaaanw 1 o 6 n u ~ n r o n n M , c o c T o n q u M H a cnyx6e B u c ~ a p o f i * u B(

U e p K B U ( K ~ T . 103). OAHU OAeTbI B C T a p U H H O e P y C C K O e 1

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