Neil deGrasse Tyson

Tyson hosting the 40th anniversary celebration ofApollo 11 at the National Air and Space Museum

in Washington, July 2009

Born October 5, 1958 Manhattan, New York City, U.S.

Fields Astrophysics, physical cosmology,science communication

Institutions University of Maryland, College ParkPrinceton UniversityAmerican Museum of Natural History

Alma mater Harvard College (A.B.)University of Texas at Austin (M.A.) Columbia University (M.Phil., Ph.D.)

Thesis A study of the abundance distributionsalong the minor axis of the Galacticbulge (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PhDT.........1T) (1991)

Doctoraladvisor

R. Michael Rich

Influences Isaac Newton, Carl Sagan, RichardFeynman, Albert Einstein

Notableawards

NASA Distinguished Public ServiceMedal (2004)

Neil deGrasse TysonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Neil deGrasse Tyson (/ˈniːl dәˈɡræs ˈtaɪsәn/; born October 5,1958) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, andscience communicator. Since 1996, he has been the Frederick P.Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center forEarth and Space in New York City. The center is part of theAmerican Museum of Natural History, where Tyson founded theDepartment of Astrophysics in 1997 and has been a researchassociate in the department since 2003.

Born and raised in New York City, Tyson became interested inastronomy at the age of nine after a visit to the HaydenPlanetarium. After graduating from the Bronx High School ofScience, where he was editor­in­chief of the Physical ScienceJournal, he completed a bachelor's degree in physics at HarvardUniversity in 1980. After receiving a master's degree inastronomy at the University of Texas at Austin in 1983, heearned his master's (1989) and doctorate (1991) in astrophysicsat Columbia University. For the next three years, he was apostdoctoral research associate at Princeton University. In 1994,he joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist and thePrinceton faculty as a visiting research scientist and lecturer. In1996, he became director of the planetarium and oversaw its$210­million reconstruction project, which was completed in2000.

From 1995 to 2005, Tyson wrote monthly essays in the"Universe" column for Natural History magazine, some ofwhich were published in his book Death by Black Hole (2007).During the same period, he wrote a monthly column in StarDate magazine, answering questions about the universe underthe pen name "Merlin". Material from the column appeared inhis books Merlin's Tour of the Universe (1998) and Just VisitingThis Planet (1998). Tyson served on a 2001 governmentcommission on the future of the U.S. aerospace industry, and onthe 2004 Moon, Mars and Beyond commission. He was awardedthe NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal in the same year.From 2006 to 2011, he hosted the television show NOVAScienceNow on PBS. Since 2009, Tyson hosted the weeklypodcast StarTalk. A spin­off, also called StarTalk, began airingon National Geographic in 2015. In 2014, he hosted thetelevision series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, a successor toCarl Sagan's 1980 series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage.[1] TheU.S. National Academy of Sciences awarded Tyson the PublicWelfare Medal in 2015 for his "extraordinary role in exciting thepublic about the wonders of science".[2]

Klopsteg Memorial Award (2007) Public Welfare Medal (2015)

Spouse Alice Young (m. 1988)

Children 2

Signature

Contents

1 Early life2 Career3 Views

3.1 Spirituality3.2 Race and social justice3.3 NASA3.4 Animal rights

4 Media appearances4.1 Refuting "Flat Earth"

belief5 Personal life6 Recognition

6.1 Awards6.2 Honors6.3 Honorary doctorates

7 Works7.1 Books7.2 Research publications

8 Filmography9 Discography10 References11 External links

Early life

Tyson was born as the second of three children in Manhattan, New York, into a family living in the Bronx.[3] Hismother, Sunchita Maria (née Feliciano) Tyson, was a gerontologist for the U.S. Department of Health, Educationand Welfare, and is of Puerto Rican descent.[4] His African­American father, Cyril deGrasse Tyson (1927–2016),was a sociologist, human resource commissioner for New York City mayor John Lindsay, and the first Director ofHarlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited.[5][6] Tyson has two siblings: Stephen Joseph Tyson and Lynn AntipasTyson.[7] Tyson's middle name, deGrasse, is from the maiden name of his paternal grandmother, who was born asAltima de Grasse in the British West Indies island of Nevis.[8]

Tyson grew up in the Castle Hill neighborhood of the Bronx, and later in Riverdale.[9] From kindergartenthroughout high school, Tyson attended public schools in the Bronx: P.S. 36, P.S. 81, the Riverdale KingsbridgeAcademy, and The Bronx High School of Science (1972–76) where he was captain of the wrestling team andeditor­in­chief of the Physical Science Journal.[10][11] His interest in astronomy began at the age of nine aftervisiting the sky theater of the Hayden Planetarium.[12] He recalled that "so strong was that imprint [of the nightsky] that I'm certain that I had no choice in the matter, that in fact, the universe called me."[13] During high school,Tyson attended astronomy courses offered by the Hayden Planetarium, which he called "the most formativeperiod" of his life. He credited Dr. Mark Chartrand III, director of the planetarium at the time, as his "firstintellectual role model" and his enthusiastic teaching style mixed with humor inspired Tyson to communicate theuniverse to others the way he did.[14]

Tyson obsessively studied astronomy in his teens, and eventually even gained some fame in the astronomycommunity by giving lectures on the subject at the age of fifteen.[15] Astronomer Carl Sagan, who was a facultymember at Cornell University, tried to recruit Tyson to Cornell for undergraduate studies.[6] In his book, The Sky IsNot the Limit, Tyson wrote:

My letter of application had been dripping with an interest in the universe. The admission office,unbeknownst to me, had forwarded my application to Carl Sagan's attention. Within weeks, I receiveda personal letter...[16]

Tyson revisited this moment on his first episode of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. Pulling out a 1975 calendarbelonging to the famous astronomer, he found the day Sagan invited the 17­year­old to spend a day in Ithaca.Sagan had offered to put him up for the night if his bus back to the Bronx did not come. Tyson said, "I alreadyknew I wanted to become a scientist. But that afternoon, I learned from Carl the kind of person I wanted tobecome."[17][18]

Tyson chose to attend Harvard where he majored in physics and lived in Currier House. He was a member of thecrew team during his freshman year, but returned to wrestling, lettering in his senior year. He was also active indance, in styles including jazz, ballet, Afro­Caribbean, and Latin Ballroom.[19]

Tyson earned an AB degree in physics at Harvard College in 1980 and began his graduate work at the Universityof Texas at Austin, from which he received an MA degree in astronomy in 1983. Tyson joined its dance, rowing,and wrestling teams. By his own account, he did not spend as much time in the research lab as he should have. Hisprofessors encouraged him to consider alternate careers and the committee for his doctoral dissertation wasdissolved, ending his pursuit of a doctorate from the University of Texas.[20]

Tyson was a lecturer in astronomy at the University of Maryland from 1986 to 1987[21] and in 1988, he wasaccepted into the astronomy graduate program at Columbia University, where he earned an MPhil degree inastrophysics in 1989, and a PhD degree in astrophysics in 1991[22] under the supervision of Professor R. MichaelRich. Rich obtained funding to support Tyson's doctoral research from NASA and the ARCS foundation[23]

enabling Tyson to attend international meetings in Italy, Switzerland, Chile, and South Africa[21] and to hirestudents to help him with data reduction.[24] In the course of his thesis work, he observed using the 0.91 mtelescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter­American Observatory in Chile, where he obtained images for the Calán/TololoSupernova Survey[25][26][27] helping to further their work in establishing Type Ia supernovae as standard candles.These papers comprised part of the discovery papers of the use of Type Ia supernovae to measure distances, whichled to the improved measurement of the Hubble constant[28] and discovery of dark energy in 1998.[29][30] He was18th author on a paper with Brian Schmidt, a future winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, in the study of themeasurement of distances to Type II Supernovae and the Hubble constant.[31]

During his thesis work at Columbia University, Tyson became acquainted with Professor David Spergel atPrinceton University, who visited Columbia University in the course of collaborating with his thesis advisor on theGalactic bulge[32][33][34] typically found in spiral galaxies.

Career

Tyson's research has focused on observations in cosmology, stellar evolution, galactic astronomy, bulges, andstellar formation. He has held numerous positions at institutions including the University of Maryland, PrincetonUniversity, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Hayden Planetarium.

Tyson with students at the 2007American Astronomical Societyconference

Tyson in December 2011 at aconference marking 1,000 days afterthe launch of the spacecraft Kepler

In 1994, Tyson joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist while hewas a research affiliate in Princeton University. He became acting directorof the planetarium in June 1995 and was appointed director in 1996.[35] Asdirector, he oversaw the planetarium's $210 million reconstruction project,which was completed in 2000. Upon being asked for his thoughts onbecoming director, Tyson said "when I was a kid... there were scientists andeducators on the staff at the Hayden Planetarium... who invested their timeand energy in my enlightenment... and I've never forgotten that. And to endup back there as its director, I feel this deep sense of duty, that I serve in thesame capacity for people who come through the facility today, that othersserved for me".[36]

Tyson has written a number of popular books on astronomy. In 1995, hebegan to write the "Universe" column for Natural History magazine. In acolumn he authored for a special edition of the magazine, called "City of Stars", in 2002, Tyson popularized theterm "Manhattanhenge" to describe the two days annually on which the evening sun aligns with the street grid inManhattan, making the sunset visible along unobstructed side streets. He had coined the term in 1996, inspired byhow the phenomenon recalls the sun's solstice alignment with the Stonehenge monument in England.[37] Tyson'scolumn also influenced his work as a professor with The Great Courses.[38]

In 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush appointed Tyson to serve on the Commission on the Future of the UnitedStates Aerospace Industry and in 2004 to serve on the President's Commission on Implementation of United StatesSpace Exploration Policy, the latter better known as the "Moon, Mars, and Beyond" commission. Soon afterward,he was awarded the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by NASA.[39]

In 2004, Tyson hosted the four­part Origins miniseries of the PBS Novaseries,[40] and, with Donald Goldsmith, co­authored the companion volumefor this series, Origins: Fourteen Billion Years Of Cosmic Evolution.[41] Heagain collaborated with Goldsmith as the narrator on the documentary 400Years of the Telescope, which premiered on PBS in April 2009.[42]

As director of the Hayden Planetarium, Tyson bucked traditional thinkingin order to keep Pluto from being referred to as the ninth planet in exhibitsat the center. Tyson has explained that he wanted to look at commonalitiesbetween objects, grouping the terrestrial planets together, the gas giantstogether, and Pluto with like objects, and to get away from simply countingthe planets. He has stated on The Colbert Report, The Daily Show, and BBCHorizon that this decision has resulted in large amounts of hate mail, muchof it from children.[43] In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU)

confirmed this assessment by changing Pluto to the dwarf planet classification.

Tyson recounted the heated online debate on the Cambridge Conference Network (CCNet), a "widely read, UK­based Internet chat group", following Benny Peiser's renewed call for reclassification of Pluto's status.[44] Peiser'sentry, in which he posted articles from the AP and The Boston Globe, spawned from The New York Times's articleentitled "Pluto's Not a Planet? Only in New York".[45][46]

Tyson has been vice president, president, and chairman of the board of the Planetary Society. He was also the hostof the PBS program Nova ScienceNow until 2011.[47] He attended and was a speaker at the Beyond Belief:Science, Religion, Reason and Survival symposium in November 2006. In 2007, Tyson was chosen to be a regular

Tyson promoting the Cosmos TVseries in Australia for NationalGeographic, 2014

—Neil deGrasse Tyson, from a transcript of an interview by RogerBingham on The Science Network[55][56]

on The History Channel's popular series The Universe.

In May 2009, Tyson launched a one­hour radio talk show called StarTalk,which he co­hosted with comedian Lynne Koplitz. The show wassyndicated on Sunday afternoons on KTLK AM in Los Angeles and WHFSin Washington DC. The show lasted for thirteen weeks, but was resurrectedin December 2010 and then, co­hosted with comedians Chuck Nice andLeighann Lord instead of Koplitz. Guests range from colleagues in scienceto celebrities such as GZA, Wil Wheaton, Sarah Silverman, and Bill Maher.The show is available via the Internet through a live stream or in the formof a podcast.[48]

In April 2011, Tyson was the keynote speaker at the 93rd InternationalConvention of the Phi Theta Kappa International Honor Society of theTwo­year School. He and James Randi delivered a lecture entitledSkepticism, which related directly with the convention's theme of TheDemocratization of Information: Power, Peril, and Promise.[49]

In 2012, Tyson announced that he would appear in a YouTube series based on his radio show StarTalk. A premieredate for the show has not been announced, but it will be distributed on the Nerdist YouTube Channel.[50] OnFebruary 28, 2014, Tyson was a celebrity guest at the White House Student Film Festival.[51] In 2014, he helpedrevive Carl Sagan's Cosmos: A Personal Voyage television series, presenting Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey onboth FOX and the National Geographic Channel. Thirteen episodes were aired in the first season, and Tyson hasstated that if a second season were produced, he would pass the role of host to someone else in the scienceworld.[52][53] On April 20, 2015, he began hosting a late­night talk show entitled Star Talk on the NationalGeographic Channel, where Tyson interviews pop culture celebrities and asks them about their life experienceswith science.[54]

Views

Spirituality

Tyson has written and broadcast extensivelyabout his views of science, spirituality, andthe spirituality of science, including theessays "The Perimeter of Ignorance"[57] and"Holy Wars",[58] both appearing in NaturalHistory magazine and the 2006 BeyondBelief workshop. In an interview withcomedian Paul Mecurio, Tyson offered hisdefinition of spirituality: "For me, when Isay spiritual, I’m referring to a feeling you would have that connects you to the universe in a way that it may defysimple vocabulary. We think about the universe as an intellectual playground, which it surely is, but the momentyou learn something that touches an emotion rather than just something intellectual, I would call that a spiritualencounter with the universe."[59] Tyson has argued that many great historical scientists' belief in intelligent designlimited their scientific inquiries, to the detriment of the advance of scientific knowledge.[58][60]

[A] most important feature is the analysis of the information that comesyour way. And that's what I don't see enough of in this world. There's alevel of gullibility that leaves people susceptible to being taken advantageof. I see science literacy as kind of a vaccine against charlatans whowould try to exploit your ignorance.

Tyson in conversation with RichardDawkins at Howard University, 2010

When asked during a question session at the University at Buffalo if he believed in a higher power, Tysonresponded: "Every account of a higher power that I've seen described, of all religions that I've seen, include manystatements with regard to the benevolence of that power. When I look at the universe and all the ways the universewants to kill us, I find it hard to reconcile that with statements of beneficence."[61][62]:341 In an interview with BigThink, Tyson said, "So what people are really after is what is my stance on religion or spirituality or God, and Iwould say if I find a word that came closest, it would be agnostic ... at the end of the day I'd rather not be anycategory at all."[63] Additionally, in the same interview with Big Think, Tyson mentioned that he edited Wikipedia'sentry on him to include the fact that he is an agnostic:

I'm constantly claimed by atheists. I find this intriguing. In fact, on my Wiki page – I didn't create theWiki page, others did, and I'm flattered that people cared enough about my life to assemble it – and itsaid "Neil deGrasse Tyson is an atheist." I said, "Well that's not really true." I said, "Neil deGrasseTyson is an agnostic." I went back a week later it had been rewritten and it said "Neil deGrasse Tysonis an atheist." – again within a week – and I said, "What's up with that?" so I said "Alright, I have toword it a little differently." So I said, okay "Neil deGrasse Tyson, widely claimed by atheists, isactually an agnostic."[63]

During the interview "Called by the Universe: A conversation with Neil deGrasse Tyson" in 2009, Tyson said: "Ican't agree to the claims by atheists that I'm one of that community. I don't have the time, energy, interest ofconducting myself that way... I'm not trying to convert people. I don't care."[64]

In March 2014, philosopher and secularism proponent Massimo Pigliucciasked Tyson "What is it you think about God?" Tyson replied "I remainunconvinced by any claims anyone has ever made about the existence orthe power of a divine force operating in the universe." Pigliucci then askedhim why he expressed discomfort with the label "atheist" in his Big Thinkvideo. Tyson replied by reiterating his dislike for one­word labels, saying"That's what adjectives are for. What kind of atheist are you? Are you anardent atheist? Are you a passive atheist? An apathetic atheist? Do yourally, or do you just not even care? So I'd be on the 'I really don't care' sideof that, if you had to find adjectives to put in front of the word 'atheist.'"Pigliucci contrasted Tyson with scientist Richard Dawkins: "[Dawkins]really does consider, at this point, himself to be an atheist activist. You very

clearly made the point that you are not." Tyson replied: "I completely respect that activity. He's fulfilling a reallyimportant role out there."[65]

Tyson has spoken about philosophy on numerous occasions. In March 2014, during an episode of the NerdistPodcast, he stated that philosophy is "useless" and that a philosophy major "can really mess you up",[66] which wasmet with disapproval.[67][68][69][70] The philosopher Massimo Pigliucci later criticized him for "dismiss[ing]philosophy as a useless enterprise".[71]

Race and social justice

In an undated interview at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tyson talked about being black and one of the mostvisible and well­known scientists in the world. He told a story about being interviewed about a plasma burst fromthe sun on a local Fox affiliate in 1989. "I'd never before in my life seen an interview with a black person ontelevision for expertise that had nothing to do with being black. And at that point, I realized that one of the laststereotypes that prevailed among people who carry stereotypes is that, sort of, black people are somehow dumb. I

Tyson with Bill Nye and U.S. PresidentBarack Obama in the White House, 2014

wondered, maybe ... that's a way to undermine this sort of, this stereotype that prevailed about who's smart andwho's dumb. I said to myself, 'I just have to be visible, or others like me, in that situation.' That would have agreater force on society than anything else I could imagine."[72][73]

In 2005, at a conference at the National Academy of Sciences, Tyson responded to a question about whethergenetic differences might keep women from working as scientists. He said that his goal to become anastrophysicist was, "...hands down the path of most resistance through the forces ... of society." He continued: "Mylife experience tells me, when you don’t find blacks in the sciences, when you don’t find women in the sciences, Iknow these forces are real and I had to survive them in order to get where I am today. So before we start talkingabout genetic differences, you gotta come up with a system where there’s equal opportunity. Then we can starthaving that conversation."[74]

In a 2014 interview with Grantland, Tyson said that he related his experience on that 2005 panel in an effort tomake the point that the scientific question about genetic differences can't be answered until the social barriers aredismantled. "I’m saying before you even have that conversation, you have to be really sure that access toopportunity has been level." In that same interview, Tyson said that race is not a part of the point he is trying tomake in his career or with his life. According to Tyson, "That then becomes the point of people’s understanding ofme, rather than the astrophysics. So it’s a failed educational step for that to be the case. If you end up beingdistracted by that and not [getting] the message." He purposefully no longer speaks publicly about race. "I don'tgive talks on it. I don’t even give Black History Month talks. I decline every single one of them. In fact, since1993, I've declined every interview that has my being black as a premise of the interview."[75]

NASA

Tyson is an advocate for expanding the operations of the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration. Arguing that "the mostpowerful agency on the dreams of a nation is currently underfunded todo what it needs to be doing".[76] Tyson has suggested that the generalpublic has a tendency to overestimate how much revenue is allocatedto the space agency. At a March 2010 address, referencing theproportion of tax revenue spent on NASA, he stated, "By the way, howmuch does NASA cost? It's a half a penny on the dollar. Did you knowthat? The people are saying, 'Why are we spending money up there...' Iask them, 'How much do you think we're spending?' They say 'fivecents, ten cents on a dollar.' It's a half a penny."[76]

In March 2012, Tyson testified before the United States Senate ScienceCommittee, stating that:

Right now, NASA's annual budget is half a penny on your tax dollar. For twice that—a penny on adollar — we can transform the country from a sullen, dispirited nation, weary of economic struggle, toone where it has reclaimed its 20th century birthright to dream of tomorrow.[77][78]

Inspired by Tyson's advocacy and remarks, Penny4NASA, a campaign of the Space Advocates nonprofit,[79] wasfounded in 2012 by John Zeller and advocates the doubling of NASA's budget to one percent of the FederalBudget.[80]

Animal rights

Neil deGrasse Tyson waskeynote speaker at TAM6 ofthe JREF.

Tyson collaborated with the organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) on a public serviceannouncement that stated, "You don't have to be a rocket scientist to know that kindness is a virtue."[81] He alsogranted PETA an interview in which he discussed the concept of intelligence (both of human and other animals),the failure of humans to heretofore communicate meaningfully with other animals, and the need of humans to beempathetic.[82][83][84]

Media appearances

As a science communicator, Tyson regularly appears on television, radio, andvarious other media outlets. He has been a regular guest on The Colbert Report,and host Stephen Colbert refers to him in his comedic book I Am America (And SoCan You!), noting in his chapter on scientists that most scientists are "decent, well­intentioned people", but, presumably tongue­in­cheek, that "Neil DeGrasse [sic]Tyson is an absolute monster."[85] He has appeared numerous times on The DailyShow with Jon Stewart. He has made appearances on Late Night with ConanO'Brien, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, and TheRachel Maddow Show.[86] He served as one of the central interviewees on thevarious episodes of the History Channel science program, The Universe. Tysonparticipated on the NPR radio quiz program Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! in 2007 and2015.[87] He has appeared several times on Real Time with Bill Maher, and he wasalso featured on an episode of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? as the ask­the­expert lifeline.[88] He has spoken numerous times on Philadelphia morning show,Preston and Steve, on 93.3 WMMR, as well as on SiriusXM's Ron and Fez and TheOpie and Anthony Show.

Tyson has been featured as a guest interviewee on The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, Radiolab, Skepticality, andThe Joe Rogan Experience podcasts and has been in several of the Symphony of Science videos.[89][90]

Tyson lived near the World Trade Center and was an eyewitness to the September 11, 2001 attacks. He wrote awidely circulated letter on what he saw.[91] Footage he filmed on the day was included in the 2008 documentaryfilm 102 Minutes That Changed America.[92]

In 2007, Tyson was the keynote speaker during the dedication ceremony of Deerfield Academy's new sciencecenter, the Koch Center, named for David H. Koch '59. He emphasized the impact science will have on the twenty­first century, as well as explaining that investments into science may be costly, but their returns in the form ofknowledge gained and piquing interest is invaluable. Tyson has also appeared as the keynote speaker at TheAmazing Meeting, a science and skepticism conference hosted by the James Randi Educational Foundation.[93]

Tyson made a guest appearance as himself in the episode "Brain Storm" of Stargate Atlantis[94] alongside Bill Nyeand in the episode "The Apology Insufficiency" of The Big Bang Theory.[95] Archive footage of him is used in thefilm Europa Report. Tyson also made an appearance in an episode of Martha Speaks as himself.[96]

In a May 2011 StarTalk Radio show, The Political Science of the Daily Show, Tyson said he donates all incomeearned as a guest speaker.[97]

Tyson is a frequent participant in the website Reddit's AMAs (Ask Me Anythings) where he is responsible forthree of the top ten most popular AMAs of all time.[98]

2010 Space Conference group portrait:Tyson with fellow television personalityand science educator Bill Nye.

In Action Comics #14 (January 2013), which was published November7, 2012, Tyson appears in the story, in which he determines thatSuperman's home planet, Krypton, orbited the red dwarf LHS 2520 inthe constellation Corvus 27.1 lightyears from Earth. Tyson assisted DCComics in selecting a real­life star that would be an appropriate parentstar to Krypton, and picked Corvus, which is Latin for "Crow",[99][100]and which is the mascot of Superman's high school, the SmallvilleCrows.[101][102] Tyson also had a minor appearance as himself in the2016 film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.

In May 2013, the Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013(H.R. 1891; 113th Congress) was introduced into Congress. NeildeGrasse Tyson was listed by at least two commentators as a possiblenominee for the position of Science Laureate, if the act were to

pass.[103][104] On March 8, 2014, Tyson made a SXSW Interactive keynote presentation at the Austin ConventionCenter.[105]

On June 3, 2014, Tyson co­reviewed Gravity in a CinemaSins episode.[106] He made two more appearances withCinemaSins, co­reviewing Interstellar on September 29, 2015,[107] and The Martian on March 31, 2016.[108]

Refuting "Flat Earth" belief

In January 2016, recording artist B.o.B expressed the belief that the Earth is flat, citing several previouslydebunked arguments.[109] Tyson responded to B.o.B on Twitter and attempted to persuade him that the Earth isround, but the rapper refused to retract his views and accused NASA of avoiding questions,[110] while releasing adiss track against Tyson. The track, titled "Flatline", expands on B.o.B.'s views about the shape of the Earth[111][112]and includes references to antisemitic conspiracy theories, saying that "Stalin was way worse than Hitler" and toask his audience to "Do [their] research" on holocaust denier David Irving.[113] These comments gained theattention of the Anti­Defamation League, which stated the lyrics invoke the antisemitic Jewish­controlled U.S.government conspiracy theory.[114] Tyson and his rapper nephew, Steve Tyson, responded to B.o.B's flat Earth disswith their own diss track titled "Flat to Fact".[115][116] Tyson followed this with a television appearance on TheNightly Show with Larry Wilmore to address the rapper: "It's a fundamental fact of calculus and non­Euclideangeometry: Small sections of large curved surfaces will always look flat to little creatures that crawl upon it... andby the way, this is called gravity" Tyson said, dropping his microphone.[117][118]

Personal life

Tyson lives in Lower Manhattan with his wife, Alice Young. They have two children: Miranda and Travis.[119][120]Tyson met his wife in a physics class at the University of Texas at Austin. They married in 1988 and named theirfirst child Miranda, after the smallest of Uranus' five major moons.[121] Tyson is a wine enthusiast whose collectionwas featured in the May 2000 issue of the Wine Spectator and the Spring 2005 issue of The World of FineWine.[122][123]

Recognition

List of awards received by Tyson:[123]

Awards

2001 Medal of Excellence, Columbia University, New York City2004 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal2005 Science Writing Award2007 Klopsteg Memorial Award winner2009 Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award from the Space Foundation for significant contributions topublic awareness of space programs2009 Isaac Asimov Award from the American Humanist Association[124]2014 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Show Host2014 Dunlap Prize[125]

2015 Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences[126]2015 Cosmos Award, Planetary Society

Honors

2000 Sexiest Astrophysicist Alive, People Magazine[127]2001 asteroid named: 13123 Tyson, renamed from Asteroid 1994KA by the International AstronomicalUnion2001 The Tech 100, voted by editors of Crain's Magazine to be among the 100 most influential technologyleaders in New York2004 Fifty Most Important African­Americans in Research Science[128]2007 Harvard 100: Most Influential Harvard Alumni Magazine, Cambridge, Massachusetts2007 The Time 100, voted by the editors of Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential persons in theworld[129]

2008 Discover Magazine selected him as one of "The 10 Most Influential People in Science"[130]

Honorary doctorates

1997 York College, City University of NewYork2000 Ramapo College, Mahwah, New Jersey2000 Dominican College, Orangeburg, NewYork2001 University of Richmond, Richmond,Virginia2002 Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, NewJersey2003 Northeastern University, Boston,Massachusetts2004 College of Staten Island, City Universityof New York2006 Pace University, New York City2007 Williams College, Williamstown,Massachusetts

2007 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester,Massachusetts2008 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania2010 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville,Alabama2010 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NewYork2010 Eastern Connecticut State University,Willimantic, Connecticut2011 Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania2012 Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley,Massachusetts2012 Western New England University, Springfield,Massachusetts2015 University of Massachusetts­Amherst, Amherst,Massachusetts

Works

Signing a copy of his bookOrigins, JREF's TheAmazing Meeting 6

List of works by Tyson:[131]

Books

Merlin's Tour of the Universe (1st ed 1989/2nd ed 1998). ISBN 0­385­48835­1Universe Down to Earth (1994). ISBN 0­231­07560­XJust Visiting This Planet (1998). ISBN 0­385­48837­8One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos (2000). ISBN 0­309­06488­0Cosmic Horizons: Astronomy at the Cutting Edge (2000). ISBN 1­56584­602­8City of Stars: A New Yorker's Guide to the Cosmos (2002)My Favorite Universe (a 12­part lecture series) (2003). ISBN 1­56585­663­5Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution (co­authored withDonald Goldsmith) (2004 / softcover reprinted in 2014 with a new coverreflecting Tyson's status as host of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey). ISBN 0­393­32758­2The Sky Is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist (2004 /softcover reprinted in 2014 with a new cover reflecting Tyson's status as hostof Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey). ISBN 978­1­59102­188­9Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries (2007 / softcoverreprinted in 2014 with a new cover reflecting Tyson's status as host ofCosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey). ISBN 0­393­33016­8The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of America's Favorite Planet (2009 / softcover reprinted in 2014 with anew cover reflecting Tyson's status as host of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey). ISBN 0­393­06520­0Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier (2012 / softcover reprinted in 2014 with a new coverreflecting Tyson's status as host of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey). ISBN 0­393­08210­5Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour (co­authored with Michael A. Strauss and J. Richard Gott)(2016). ISBN 978­0691157245.

Research publications

Twarog, Bruce A.; Tyson, Neil D. (1985). "UVBY Photometry of Blue Stragglers in NGC 7789".Astronomical Journal 90: 1247. doi:10.1086/113833Tyson, Neil D.; Scalo, John M. (1988). "Bursting Dwarf Galaxies: Implications for Luminosity Function,Space Density, and Cosmological Mass Density". Astrophysical Journal 329: 618. doi:10.1086/166408Tyson, Neil D. (1988). "On the possibility of Gas­Rich Dwarf Galaxies in the Lyman­alpha Forest".Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 329: L57. doi:10.1086/185176Tyson, Neil D.; Rich, Michael (1991). "Radial Velocity Distribution and Line Strengths of 33 Carbon Starsin the Galactic Bulge". Astrophysical Journal 367: 547. doi:10.1086/169651Tyson, Neil D.; Gal, Roy R. (1993). "An Exposure Guide for Taking Twilight Flatfields with Large FormatCCDs". Astronomical Journal 105: 1206. doi:10.1086/116505Tyson, Neil D.; Richmond, Michael W.; Woodhams, Michael; Ciotti, Luca (1993). "On the Possibility of aMajor Impact on Uranus in the Past Century". Astronomy & Astrophysics (Research Notes) 275: 630Schmidt, B. P., et al. (1994). "The Expanding Photosphere Method Applied to SN1992am at cz = 14600km/s". Astronomical Journal 107: 1444Wells, L. A. et al. (1994). "The Type Ia Supernova 1989B in NGC3627 (M66)". Astronomical Journal 108:2233. doi:10.1086/117236Hamuy, M. et al. (1996). "BVRI Light Curves For 29 Type Ia Supernovae". Astronomical Journal 112: 2408.doi:10.1086/118192Lira, P. et al. (1998). "Optical light curves of the Type IA supernovae SN 1990N and 1991T". AstronomicalJournal 116: 1006. doi:10.1086/300175

Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview". Astrophysical JournalSupplement 172: 1. doi:10.1086/516585Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "COSMOS: Hubble Space Telescope Observations". Astrophysical JournalSupplement 172: 38. doi:10.1086/516580Liu, C. T.; Capak, P.; Mobasher, B.; Paglione, T. A. D.; Scoville, N. Z.; Tribiano, S. M.; Tyson, N. D. (2008)."The Faint­End Slopes of Galaxy Luminosity Functions in the COSMOS Field". Astrophysical JournalLetters 672: 198. doi:10.1086/522361

Filmography

Stargate: Atlantis (2008): "Brainstorm" (himself)[132]NOVA: The Pluto Files (2010): documentary (presenter)The Big Bang Theory (2010) "The Apology Insufficiency" (himself)"Martha Speaks" (2012) "Eyes on the Skies" (himself)The Inexplicable Universe: Unsolved Mysteries (2012) 6­part lecture series from the Great Courses[133]Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey (2014) documentary (host/narrator)Gravity Falls (2014) animated children's cartoon (Waddles the pig)[134]

Brooklyn Nine­Nine (2015) action comedy TV series (cameo)[135]StarTalk (2015) TV series (host)Family Guy (2016) (himself)Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) (himself)Lazer Team (2016) comedy film (himself)Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) animated movie (Neil deBuck)Zoolander 2 (2016) comedy film (himself)BoJack Horseman (2016) TV series, episode: "That's Too Much, Man!" (Planetarium narrator)100 Things to Do Before High School (2016) TV series, episode: "Meet Your Idol Thing!" (himself)Future­Worm! (2016) animated TV series, episode: "Long Live Captain Cakerz!" (himself)The Jim Gaffigan Show (2016) TV series, episode: "Jim at the Museum" (himself)Regular Show (2016) TV series, episode: "Terror Tales of The Park" (himself)Mars (2016) mini TV series (himself)

Discography

Avenged Sevenfold

"The Stage" (2016) Guest vocals on "Exist"

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2010. Retrieved November 30, 2012.77. "Past, Present, and Future of NASA – U.S. Senate Testimony". Hayden Planetarium. 7 Mar 2012. Retrieved 4 Dec 2012.78. "Past, Present, and Future of NASA – U.S. Senate Testimony (Video)". Hayden Planetarium. March 7, 2012. Retrieved

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USA. ISBN 0­446­58050­3.86. "Watch | Neil deGrasse Tyson". Haydenplanetarium.org. Retrieved February 3, 2012.87. "Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me! : NPR". NPR.org. October 24, 2015.88. "Episode 201 guest stars". HBO. Retrieved February 9, 2011.89. "Episode: A Theory of Everything? Podcast". PodcastDirectory. Retrieved February 3, 2012.90. "Episode: Proving String Theory Podcast". PodcastDirectory. Retrieved February 3, 2012.91. "The Horror, The Horror" (http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/read/2001/09/12/the­horror­the­horror) from Tyson's

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(http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/06/07/popular­astrophysicist­neil­degrasse­tyson­guest­stars­in­brand­new­martha­speaks­episode/137206/), tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com, June 7, 2012.

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cfm?id=supermans­home­planet­krypton). Scientific American100. Potter, Ned (November 5, 2012). "Superman Home: Planet Krypton 'Found' in Sky" (http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technol

ogy/2012/11/superman­home­planet­krypton­found­in­sky/), abcnews.go.com; accessed October 31, 2014.101. Gregorian, Dareh (November 5, 2012). "NYER is 'super' smart" (http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/nyer_is_super_

smart_seMJnvJaXju74neeqHgM2M), New York Post; accessed October 31, 2014.102. Henderson, David (November 5, 2012). "Neil deGrasse Tyson Consults On 'Action Comics' #14, Finds Krypton In Real

Life" (http://multiversitycomics.com/news/neil­degrasse­tyson­consults­on­action­comics­14­finds­krypton­in­real­life/),Multiversity Comics; accessed October 31, 2014.

103. Marlow, Jeffrey (May 9, 2013). "The Science Laureate of the United States". Wired Magazine. Retrieved September 12,2013.

104. raatz (May 8, 2013). "I nominated Neil deGrasse Tyson as U.S. Science Laureate". The Daily Kos. Retrieved11 September 2013.

105. Gallaga, Omar (March 8, 2014). "SXSW Keynote: A Conversation with Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson". Austin360. RetrievedMarch 9, 2014.

106. "Everything Wrong With Gravity ­ With Neil deGrasse Tyson".107. "Everything Wrong With Interstellar ­ With Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson".108. "Everything Wrong With The Martian ­ With Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson".109. Lauren Said­Moorhouse (January 26, 2016). "Rapper B.o.B thinks the Earth is flat, has photographs to prove it". CNN.

Retrieved January 29, 2016.110. "Neil DeGrasse Tyson tries teaching rapper B.o.B that the Earth is actually round". Time. January 25, 2016. Retrieved

February 15, 2016.111. "B.O.B Just Started a Rap War With Neil DeGrasse Tyson Over His Flat Earth Tweets". Time. January 26, 2016.

Retrieved February 15, 2016.112. Ellen Brait (January 26, 2016). "Flat earth rapper B.o.B releases Neil deGrasse Tyson diss track". The Guardian.

Retrieved January 29, 2016.113. "Rapper B.o.B Name­drops Holocaust Denier David Irving in Latest Song". Haaretz. January 27, 2016. Retrieved

February 15, 2016.114. "ADL Troubled by B.o.B Rap Lyrics Promoting Anti­Semitic Conspiracy and Invoking Holocaust Denier by Name".

Anti­Defamation League. January 27, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.115. Johnson, Billy, Jr. (28 January 2016). "How Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson's B.o.B. Dis Song Happened". Yahoo

Music.

Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to NeildeGrasse Tyson.

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External links

Official website (http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson)Biography (http://www.planetary.org/about/neil_tyson.html) at ThePlanetary SocietyPBS NOVA ScienceNOW with Neil deGrasse Tyson (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/)Star Talk Radio Show hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson (http://startalkradio.net)Neil deGrasse Tyson (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1183205/) atthe Internet Movie DatabaseExcerpt from The Sky is Not the Limit (http://billmoyers.com/2014/01/10/book­excerpt­the­sky­is­not­the­limit/). Moyers & Company, January 10, 2014.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neil_deGrasse_Tyson&oldid=761671837"

Categories: Neil deGrasse Tyson 1958 births African­American academics African­American agnosticsAfrican­American scientists American astrophysicists American educatorsAmerican people of Puerto Rican descent American people of Saint Kitts and Nevis descentAmerican skeptics Animal rights advocates Columbia University alumni Critics of creationismFellows of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry Harvard University alumni Living peoplePeople associated with the American Museum of Natural History People from Manhattan Planetary scientists

116. Platon, Adelle (January 26, 2016). "Neil deGrasse Tyson Responds to B.o.B Diss Track with Drake­Referencing 'Flat toFact' ". Billboard. Retrieved January 27, 2016.

117. Lauren Said­Moorhouse (January 29, 2016). "Neil deGrasse Tyson fires back at B.o.B with epic mic drop". CNN.Retrieved January 29, 2016.

118. The Nightly Show ­ Neil deGrasse Tyson Slams Flat­Earth Theorist B.o.B (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHBZkek8OSU)

119. "Profile on Official Tyson website". Haydenplanetarium.org. Retrieved February 3, 2012.120. "Dr Neil DeGrasse Tyson – TAM6" (http://vimeo.com/13115502), 2008, Vimeo, 38:33 mark; accessed March 4, 2011.121. Rogers, Patrick (February 28, 2000) "Night Vision (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20130585,00.html)".

People.com; retrieved 2014­14­02.122. "Magazine Archives: May 31, 2000". Wine Spectator. Retrieved October 28, 2015.123. "Curriculum Vitae (http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/curriculum­vitae#honors)". Hayden Planetarium (2015).

Retrieved 2015­10­28.124. "Assorted Honors". Hayden Planetarium. Archived from the original on 2010­01­11.125. http://dunlap.utoronto.ca/about/dunlap­prize/ Dunlap Prize126. "Feb 26, 2015: Neil deGrasse Tyson to Receive Public Welfare Medal". nasonline.org.127. "Neil De Grasse Tyson: Sexiest Astrophysicist". People Magazine. 54 (20). November 13, 2000. Retrieved December 16,

2011.128. "50 Of the Most Inspiring African Americans" (ed. Patricia Hinds), 2002, Essence Books (New York), p. 145.129. Michael D. Lemonick (May 3, 2007). "Neil deGrasse Tyson". The Time 100. Retrieved June 7, 2009.130. Kruglinski, Susan; Long, Marion (November 26, 2008). "The 10 Most Influential People in Science (http://discovermaga

zine.com/2008/dec/26­the­10­most­influential­people­in­science)". Discover magazine. Retrieved April 26, 2008.131. "Curriculum Vitae (http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/curriculum­vitae), HaydenPlanetarium.org; retrieved May

16, 2014.132. "Neil deGrasse Tyson". IMDb. Retrieved 2016­01­27.133. "The Inexplicable Universe: Unsolved Mysteries". Thegreatcourses.com. Retrieved 2014­03­12.134. Joseph C. Lin. "First Look Of Neil deGrasse Tyson Voicing A Pig In Gravity Falls". TIME.com.135. Kimberly, Truong. "Neil deGrasse Tyson will tutor Chelsea Peretti on 'Brooklyn Nine­Nine". Mashable. Retrieved

December 7, 2015.

Religious skeptics Science communicators Space advocates The Bronx High School of Science alumniUniversity of Texas at Austin alumni University of Maryland, College Park faculty

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