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Mythic Background in Song of Solomon

Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

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Page 1: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Mythic  Background  in    Song  of  Solomon  

Page 2: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Mythic  Backgrounds  Morrison  Draws  From  

• African-­‐American  

• African  • Classic  • Biblical  • Fairy  Tales  • American  

Page 3: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

African  American  Mythology  I  think  the  myths  are  misunderstood  now  because  

we  are  not  talking  to  each  other  the  way  I  was  spoken  to  when  I  was  growing  up  in  a  very  small  town.    You  knew  everything  in  that  liBle  microcosm.    But  we  don’t  live  where  we  were  born.    I  had  to  leave  my  town  to  do  my  work  here;  it  was  a  sacrifice.    There  is  a  certain  sense  of  family  I  don’t  have.    So  the  myths  get  forgoBen.    Or  they  may  not  have  been  looked  at  carefully.    Let  me  give  you  an  example:    the  flying  myth  in  Song  of  Solomon.    If  it  means  Icarus  to  some  readers,  fine;  I  want  to  take  credit  for  that.    But  my  meaning  is  specific:    it  is  about  black  people  who  could  fly.    That  was  always  part  of  the  folklore  of  my  my  life;  flying  was  one  of  our  giMs.    I  don’t  care  how  silly  it  may  seem.    It  is  everywhere—people  used  to  talk  about  it,  it’s  in  the  spirituals  and  gospels.    Perhaps  it  was  wishful  thinking—escape,  death,  and  all  that.    But  suppose  it  wasn’t.    What  might  it  mean?    I  tried  to  find  out  in  Song  of  Solomon.  

(Toni  Morrison,  in  an  interview  with  Thomas  LeClair,  1981)  

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African  Myths  

Mwindo  Epic  

-­‐-­‐See  handout  from  arXcle  by  Linda  Krumholz:    “Dead  Teachers:  Rituals  of  Manhood  and  Rituals  of  Reading  in  Song  of  Solomon.”    Modern  Fic0on  Studies  39.  3-­‐4  (Fall/Winter  1993):    551-­‐574.  

Page 5: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Classic  Myth  

•  Circe  •  Icarus  •  Daedalus  

Page 6: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Monomyth  of  the  Hero  

•  Cross-­‐cultural  paBern  of  mythic  heroes  

•  Followed  by  heroes  such  as  Oedipus,  Moses,  Perseus  (son  of  Zeus,  killer  of  Medusa),  Gilgamesh,  Tristan,  Romulus,  etc.  

•  Each  with  slight  variaXons  

Page 7: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

1.  The  hero  is  the  child  of  most  disXnguished  parents,  usually  the  son  of  a  king.  

Page 8: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

2.  During  or  before  pregnancy,  there  is  a  prophecy,  in  the  form  of  a  dream  or  oracle,  cauXoning  against  his  birth  and  usually  threatening  danger  to  the  father    

Page 9: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

3.  As  a  rule,  the  hero  is  surrendered  to  the  water,  in  a  box.    TradiXonally,  he  is  maimed  and  abandoned  by  the  father.  

Page 10: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

4.  He  is  then  saved  by  animals,  or  by  lowly  people  and  is  suckled  by  a  female  animal  or  a  humble  woman.  

Page 11: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

5.  AMer  he  has  grown  up,  he  finds  his  dinsXnguished  parents,  in  a  highly  versaXle  fashion.  

Page 12: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

6.  He  takes  revenge  on  his  father  (on  the  one  hand),  and  is  acknowledged  on  the  other.  

Page 13: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Stages  of  the  Hero  Myth  

7.  The  hero  finally  achieves  rank  and  honors.  

Page 14: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Biblical  Myths  

•  Fall  and  RedempXon—sinners  can  be  redeemed  by  the  love  and  self-­‐sacrifice  of  a  Christ,  who  dies  for  our  sins,  who  dies  so  that  we  may  live  

•  Names  

•  The  biblical  Song  of  Solomon  

Page 15: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Fairy  Tales  

•  RumpelsXltskin  (13-­‐14)  

•  Goldilocks  (135)  •  Jack  and  the  Beanstalk  (181)  

•  Hansel  and  Gretel  (221)  

Page 16: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

American  Myths  

•  American  Dream—upward  mobility  equated  with  financial  prosperity/home  ownership  

•  Red,  white,  and  blue  imagery  throughout  

Page 17: Mythic’Background’in’’ Song%of%Solomon · Mythic’ Backgrounds’ Morrison’ Draws’From’ •African3American’ •African’ •Classic’ •Biblical’ •Fairy’Tales’

Mythic  Images  and  Symbols