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Mythic Background in Song of Solomon
Mythic Backgrounds Morrison Draws From
• African-‐American
• African • Classic • Biblical • Fairy Tales • American
African American Mythology I think the myths are misunderstood now because
we are not talking to each other the way I was spoken to when I was growing up in a very small town. You knew everything in that liBle microcosm. But we don’t live where we were born. I had to leave my town to do my work here; it was a sacrifice. There is a certain sense of family I don’t have. So the myths get forgoBen. Or they may not have been looked at carefully. Let me give you an example: the flying myth in Song of Solomon. If it means Icarus to some readers, fine; I want to take credit for that. But my meaning is specific: it is about black people who could fly. That was always part of the folklore of my my life; flying was one of our giMs. I don’t care how silly it may seem. It is everywhere—people used to talk about it, it’s in the spirituals and gospels. Perhaps it was wishful thinking—escape, death, and all that. But suppose it wasn’t. What might it mean? I tried to find out in Song of Solomon.
(Toni Morrison, in an interview with Thomas LeClair, 1981)
African Myths
Mwindo Epic
-‐-‐See handout from arXcle by Linda Krumholz: “Dead Teachers: Rituals of Manhood and Rituals of Reading in Song of Solomon.” Modern Fic0on Studies 39. 3-‐4 (Fall/Winter 1993): 551-‐574.
Classic Myth
• Circe • Icarus • Daedalus
Monomyth of the Hero
• Cross-‐cultural paBern of mythic heroes
• Followed by heroes such as Oedipus, Moses, Perseus (son of Zeus, killer of Medusa), Gilgamesh, Tristan, Romulus, etc.
• Each with slight variaXons
Stages of the Hero Myth
1. The hero is the child of most disXnguished parents, usually the son of a king.
Stages of the Hero Myth
2. During or before pregnancy, there is a prophecy, in the form of a dream or oracle, cauXoning against his birth and usually threatening danger to the father
Stages of the Hero Myth
3. As a rule, the hero is surrendered to the water, in a box. TradiXonally, he is maimed and abandoned by the father.
Stages of the Hero Myth
4. He is then saved by animals, or by lowly people and is suckled by a female animal or a humble woman.
Stages of the Hero Myth
5. AMer he has grown up, he finds his dinsXnguished parents, in a highly versaXle fashion.
Stages of the Hero Myth
6. He takes revenge on his father (on the one hand), and is acknowledged on the other.
Stages of the Hero Myth
7. The hero finally achieves rank and honors.
Biblical Myths
• Fall and RedempXon—sinners can be redeemed by the love and self-‐sacrifice of a Christ, who dies for our sins, who dies so that we may live
• Names
• The biblical Song of Solomon
Fairy Tales
• RumpelsXltskin (13-‐14)
• Goldilocks (135) • Jack and the Beanstalk (181)
• Hansel and Gretel (221)
American Myths
• American Dream—upward mobility equated with financial prosperity/home ownership
• Red, white, and blue imagery throughout
Mythic Images and Symbols