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1 SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY Name:-Moina Ersad. Name:-Moina Ersad. B-Tech ,3 B-Tech ,3 rd rd Year ,6 Year ,6 th th Semester Semester Department of Biomedical Department of Biomedical Engineering. Engineering. Roll No.:-11931061009 Roll No.:-11931061009 Session:-2008-2009 Session:-2008-2009 Guide Teacher:-Sujan Guide Teacher:-Sujan K.Samanta K.Samanta

Myoelectric Arm

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SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Name:-Moina Ersad.Name:-Moina Ersad.B-Tech ,3B-Tech ,3rdrd Year ,6 Year ,6thth

SemesterSemesterDepartment of Biomedical Department of Biomedical

Engineering.Engineering.Roll No.:-11931061009Roll No.:-11931061009

Session:-2008-2009Session:-2008-2009Guide Teacher:-Sujan Guide Teacher:-Sujan

K.SamantaK.Samanta

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TOPIC:-TOPIC:-

THE MYOELECTRIC HAND THE MYOELECTRIC HAND AND ARM PROSTHESISAND ARM PROSTHESIS

EXTERNALLY POWERED AND CONTROLLED ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS

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ORTHOTICSORTHOTICS

The branch of science ,intended to provide The branch of science ,intended to provide stability ,or immobilize a body part, to stability ,or immobilize a body part, to protect against injury, or assist with its protect against injury, or assist with its function ,is known as function ,is known as orthotics.orthotics.

Objectives:-Objectives:- Maintenance or correction of Maintenance or correction of body body

segment alignmentsegment alignment Assistance or resistance to Assistance or resistance to joint motionjoint motion ProtectionProtection against physical injury. against physical injury.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF UPPER EXTREMITY UPPER EXTREMITY

ORTHOSISORTHOSIS

WRIST HAND ORTHOSIS

ELBOW ORTHOSIS

CERVICAL ORTHOSIS

SHOULDER ORTHOSIS

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PROSTHETICSPROSTHETICS

The branch of science intending to restore The branch of science intending to restore congenital or acquired neuromuscular and congenital or acquired neuromuscular and musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the human musculoskeletal dysfunctions of the human body associated with the complete or body associated with the complete or partial absence of a limb ,is known as partial absence of a limb ,is known as prosthetics.prosthetics.

Objectives:-Objectives:- To To transfer body weighttransfer body weight comfortably to comfortably to

the prosthetic socket.the prosthetic socket. To achieve To achieve alignment stabilityalignment stability.. To stimulate To stimulate normal locomotionnormal locomotion..

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROSTHESISPROSTHESIS

Cosmetic Prosthesis.

Body powered Prosthesis.

Externally powered Prosthesis

Example: Myoelectric arm and Switch Example: Myoelectric arm and Switch controlled arm. controlled arm.

Hybrid Prosthesis.

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COSMETIC PROSTHESIS

BODY POWERED PROSTHESIS

EXTERNALLY POWERED PROSTHESIS

HYBRID PROSTHESIS

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MYOELECTRIC ARM MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESISPROSTHESIS

A myoelectric signal is an A myoelectric signal is an electrical impulse that electrical impulse that produces muscle contraction produces muscle contraction in the body. in the body. (upto 300Hz, 5 (upto 300Hz, 5 -20μV)-20μV)

Myoelectrically controlled arm Myoelectrically controlled arm prostheses are prostheses are externally externally powered prosthesis.powered prosthesis.

They are employed in case of They are employed in case of congenital upper limb congenital upper limb difference or acquired difference or acquired limb loss.limb loss.

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HOW IT WORKS?HOW IT WORKS?

SURFACE ELECTRODESWITHIN PROSTHESIS SOCKET

IN CONTACT WITH SKIN

DETECTS MUSCLE ACTION

POTENTIAL FROM VOLUNTARY

CONTRACTING MUSCLES

SIGNAL AMPLIFIED AND PROCESSED

TURNS ON AN ELECTRIC MOTOR

PROVIDES FUNCTION IN THE FORM OF

PROSTHETIC HAND

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1010COMPONENTS OF MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESISCOMPONENTS OF MYOELECTRIC ARM PROSTHESIS

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DIFFERENT ACCESSORIESDIFFERENT ACCESSORIES

BATTERIES AND CHARGERS

WRIST ROTATOREMG CABLES

EMG ELECTRODES MYOBOY (locates and analyzes electric signals)

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DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ACCESSORIES (CONTD…) ACCESSORIES (CONTD…)

Covering:-Covering:-

Usually made from PVC.

Soft polyurethane foam also used nowadays

Protects from abrasion and corrosion.

Restricts finger motion( accounting for an estimated 50 percent of the inefficiency in the prosthesis)

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PATIENT REQUIREMENTSPATIENT REQUIREMENTS

Users must be able to produce an EMG strong enough to be Users must be able to produce an EMG strong enough to be recorded and sufficiently amplified.recorded and sufficiently amplified.

Often recommended for children of one year age or olderOften recommended for children of one year age or older Users must also be able to separate muscle contractionsUsers must also be able to separate muscle contractions.

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ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: Stronger pinch force, better grip Absence of control cables enhances the cosmetic

look. Reduces the expenditure of energy. Combines cosmetic appearance with function. Latest generation of myoelectric devices can be

adjusted to operate at a very low level of muscle contraction.

DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: Cost Weight Durability Maintenance Discomfort

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AREAS OF DEVELOPMENTAREAS OF DEVELOPMENT Weight of the myoelectric arm Weight of the myoelectric arm

should be reduced. should be reduced. Finger movement in the prosthesis Finger movement in the prosthesis

should realistically mimic the should realistically mimic the movement of human fingers. movement of human fingers.

Replacement of the external glove Replacement of the external glove with a material that looks and feels with a material that looks and feels more realistic.more realistic.

Cost should be reduced.Cost should be reduced.

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ULTIMATE GOALSULTIMATE GOALS

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STATISTICAL INFORMATIONSTATISTICAL INFORMATION

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“WHEN THE ARM WAS PUT ON, I HAD TEARS ROLLING DOWN MY FACE. IT WAS THE FIRST TIME IN 21 YEARS THAT I HAD SEEN A HAND OPEN”.

.….Ray Edwards, one of the first people in the UK to be fitted with the device.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

There are many applications for a There are many applications for a low-cost hand prosthesis.low-cost hand prosthesis.The areas The areas of development should also be of development should also be observed ,so that cheap and observed ,so that cheap and efficient prosthetic arms are efficient prosthetic arms are available for all.available for all.

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REFERENCES:REFERENCES:

WEBSITES:WEBSITES: www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/98/35/4/www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/98/35/4/

doshi.htmdoshi.htm www.ottobockus.comwww.ottobockus.com www.newsimg.bbc.co.ukwww.newsimg.bbc.co.uk www.animatedprosthetics.comwww.animatedprosthetics.com

BOOKS:BOOKS: Prosthetics & orthotics, by DG Schurr, TM Cook.Prosthetics & orthotics, by DG Schurr, TM Cook. Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering Standard Handbook of Biomedical Engineering

and design, by Myer Kutzand design, by Myer Kutz..

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