Mymo LTE eNodeB Simulator

3GPP LTE eNodeB PHY

Simulator Tool

01-Sept-2011

M Y M O W I R E L E S S T E C H N O L O G Y P V T L T D ,

1 S T F L O O R E N T R E P R E N E U R S H I P B L D G , S I D , I I S C ,

B A N G A L O R E 5 6 0 0 1 2 , I N D I A

MYMO Wireless Confidential Proprietary

No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or

otherwise), without the prior written permission of MYMO Wireless Technology Private limited.

Revision History

Revision #

Date Mymo Author/ Reviewer Reviewer Description

0.01 01-Sept-2011 1. Sondur Lakshmipathi eNodeB PHY Emulator/ Simulator

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. II

Generic: Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations ...................................................................... ii

1. MYMO WIRELESS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 3

2. ENODEB SIMULATOR ................................................................................................... 4

3. PHYSICAL MECHANICS OF ENODEB SIMULATOR WITH COTS RF......................... 6

4. 3GPP LTE HIGH-LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................. 7

5. MYMO VALUE PROPOSITION....................................................................................... 8

6. APPENDICES................................................................................................................ 10

6.1. Appendix – eNodeB Physical Layer TS36.211 Specifications ................................ 10 6.2. Appendix B – eNodeB Physical Layer TS36.212 Features and Mymo’s Deliverables 13

7. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 16

Mymo Wireless: LTE Base Station Simulator

Page ii of 18 Mymo Confidential

List of Figures

Figure 1 Front panel of the eNodeB Simulator 6 Figure 2 Emulation of radios by reprogramming the CPU and GPU 9

List of Tables Table 1 LTE transmission parameters 7

Generic: Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations

4G 4th Generation

3GPP 3rd

Generation Partnership Project

API Application Programming Interface

DL DL

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

HW Hardware

I/O Input Output

IMS IP Multimedia System

IOT Inter Operability Testing

IP Internet Protocol

OS Operating System

SOW Scope of Work

SW Software

TBD To Be Determined

Mymo Mymo Wireless Technology Private Limited

SDR Software Defined Radio

TDD Time Division Duplex

UE User Equipment

UL UL

UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network


Page 3 of 18 Mymo Confidential

1. Mymo Wireless Introduction

Mymo brings in a proven technology leadership and the people with extensive experience in the research, design and development of next generation wireless products like MIMO-WLAN (802.11n) and LTE. Mymo has won the DST-Lockheed Martin Gold Medal in 2009 for their innovation on the design of LTE and WiFi Femtocell for next-generation communications. Mymo was the top 6 finalists of NASSCOM 2009 Awards in Start-up category. Mymo has built and demonstrated the 3GPP LTE UE on a desktop Quadcore PC interfaced with RF and established communication with eNodeB in real-time at 30.72MHz sampling rates. The innovation included multi-core, multi-threaded programming for boosting the execution speed of key algorithms by nearly several times. Mymo is building the 3GPP LTE test set-up system and the test-bed for meeting the R&D companies’ requirements for successfully conducting, validating and demonstrating their research ideas, inventions and innovations. The test set-up platform will be ideal choice of scientists and R&D engineers in LTE and upcoming wireless standards like LTE-Advanced. Mymo proposes the 3GPP LTE eNodeB R&D Simulator for R&D purposes. The key benefit of the simulator is that the low level eNodeB C-code for all the modules is visible and the user can plug the proprietary models and algorithms and capture the IQ signals in sample domain or bit-rate domain for conducting/ verifying the experiments and do measurements on the performance in terms of throughput or complexity. Memory is not a limitation as the Simulator is fully based on the x86 platforms. Additionally, the system can be used to tap the PHY with COTS based RF interface and tap the signals at different levels for debug purposes, for example, the IQ signals of eNodeB air interface at different levels for offline processing and also for online processing.



2. eNodeB Simulator

The eNodeB PHY layer meets the 3GPP LTE specification requirements as defined by LTE Standards Release 8 [Ref 2-Error! Reference source not found.]. Some of the key specifications of the eNodeB simulator are given in Table 1 below. The simulator is designed specifically for R&D purposes for scientists in premier organizations where scientists and design engineers can have the access to the low level C-programming for experimenting the proprietary algorithms for performance study, analysis and measurements. Such a requirement involves the modification or enhancement of physical layer algorithms, scheduling of resources, modification of physical layer modules for conducting tests and experiments either in simulator or simulator mode. eNodeB Simulator Benefits:

Low level C-code access to users across all the layers of eNodeB. Facility to capture the RF signals through our COTS based RF either file-based or print-screen based with different debug-level options.

Readily available and well-tested eNodeB layers and algorithms with all the features implemented in C. Refer Appendix 6.1 and 6.2 for physical layer specifications as per TS 36.21x.

Creating a simulation-like environment in a real-time RF scenario with COTS RF interface.

Rapidly reprogrammable with instant compilation, debugging and running.

Multi-core CPU partitioning of desired DL and UL chains for performance optimization

Online capture of down-converted IQ signals for offline processing. No separate device needed to capture the IQ waveforms.

Time scaling ability for debugging and analysis baseband processing. Example: 30720 samples per ms can be processed at any desired time-scale rather than confining to1ms.

Emulation capability of any desired radio and RF interface, Figure 2 shows how different radio interfaces can be emulated with resampler catering to different radios ranging from Wi-Fi to 4G.

Cost-effective, in person support, maintenance and training. The example applications for algorithm and system designs include:

Introduction of channel models, interference effects, noise conditions, multipath and fading conditions. The signals can be convoluted with different channel models of users’ choice and can be captured and measured for offline or online processing.

Intercarrier interference (ICI) measurements, compensation effects, loss of orthogonality of subcarriers, sampling clock offset effects and estimation and tracking accuracy.

CFO estimation and measurements using pilot tones (reference signals) for integer and fractional CFOs.

Equalization techniques and their performance differences. Example: ML, MMSE, LS, Sphere, other decision feedback methods.

Multi-cell and multi-UE interference impacts and measurements.

FEC algorithm design improvements. Example: Tail-biting, Viterbi decoding, Turbo decoding, Rate-matching, Interleaving, scrambling and CRC.

SFBC modes of operation and performance analysis.

CQI measurements, SNR measurements, Precoding performance.

HARQ soft-combining for UL and DL



The example applications for existing and futuristic eNodeB design and development:

4G Wireless base stations with PHY-MAC performed through cloud computing.

Emulation or simulation of future generation wireless radios like LTE-Advanced eNodeB.

Future radios emulation with rapid prototyping SDR The applications listed above can range from new experiments in upcoming areas.



3. Physical Mechanics of eNodeB Simulator with COTS RF

The eNB Simulator is built on a high-end desktop x86 processor specifically designed for rapid emulation of eNodeB with quick reprogramming of low level modules across all layers. The CPU is a multi-core CPU with OS as the SUSE RTOS running the PHYwith multi-core partitioning. The Figure 1 shows the front-panel with RF, GPS and Reference Clock connectors. It is a plain x86 CPU with option to work in pure simulation mode or with COTS RF interface.

External

Reference

Clock

1 PPS RF Ant-1

RF Ant-2GPS AntRef Clock

10MHzPower

SupplyReset

Figure 1 Front panel of the eNodeB Simulator

1. SUSE Commercial RTOS with nVidia GPU drivers 2. High-end Intel CPU mother-board, clock speed 3.48GHz, 6 physical cores (12 virtual

cores). The CPU over-clocking method, to boost execution speed for bringing down the latency, will be imparted to Customer by Mymo team.

3. CPU Multi-cores usage mechanism for isolation of CPU cores between RTOS and LTE processing.

4. eNodeB PHY layer: All the functionalities except for MBSFN and DRX a. The high-level specifications are given in Table 1. b. The detailed functionalities and specifications are given in Appendix-6.1and 6.2.

5. Documents: eNodeB Architecture document with signal flow and functionalities for key algorithms will be delivered. Additional document on the multi-core partitioning of CPU for optimizing the processing load of LTE across CPU cores will be shared at the time of delivery of the eNodeB Simulator product.



4. 3GPP LTE High-level Specifications

Table 1 LTE transmission parameters

Features DL UL

BW (MHz) 1.4,3,5,10,15,20 1.4,3,5,10,1520

BW in terms of RB 6,15,25,50,75,100 6,15,25,50,75,100

FFT/IFFT 128,256,512,1024,1536,2048 128,256,512,1024,1536,2048

Transmission Modes 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4

Duplex TDD,FDD TDD,FDD

Maximum bit rate 100 Mbps 50 Mbps

RF Antennas 1x1 MIMO, 2x2 MIMO, 4x4 MIMO

1x1 for SISO; MRC Combining

PHY channels

PDSCH (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

PDCCH (QPSK)

PCFICH (QPSK)

PHICH

PBCH

PMCH (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

PUSCH (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

PUCCH (BPSK, QPSK)

PRACH

DRS

SRS

HARQ DL HARQ UL HARQ

Channel Quality Parameters

CQI, PMI, RI, RSRP,RSRQ CQI, PMI, RI, RSRP, RSRQ



5. Mymo Value Proposition

A Rapidly reprogrammable and reconfigurable SDR platform. A complete multi-core CPU platform, C-based Phy, stable RTOS running on x86, multi-core partitioning of phy and freedom to load balance across multiple cores.

Instant experimentation of R&D ideas in an simulator mode (RF mode with desired sampling rate) or simulation mode (without RF mode). See Figure 2 emulating different radios.

Access to validated and verified source code for all layers. Scientists, Design and Test Engineers can plug-in their algorithms, test models and verify the results.

The radio can be sampled to any sampling rates. A simple baseband process to change the sampling rate to any desired rate and emulate any radio, see Figure 2.

An ideal set-up for designing, developing, design modification, emulation and testing of new algorithms in the presence of RF.

Mymo has experienced talent with a bent of R&D, products and understanding of standards.

Next door support and maintenance and training.



RF

IF

ADC

DACI0

I1

I2

IN-1

Q0

Q1

Q2

QN-1

I0

I1

I2

IM-1

Q0

Q1

Q2

QM-1

M Tx ANT

N Rx ANT

I0

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

CUDA

Parallel

Processing

Software

CUDA

Parallel

Processing

Software

CP

Remove

FFT

IFFT

CP Add

Channel

Estimate

STBC

Decode

&

Spatial

Demux

QAM

Demap

DeInterleave

Stream

Deparse

Viterbi

Decode

De-

Scramler

MAC

LLC

Spatial

Mux

Cyclic

Delay

Diversity

STBC

Alamouti

Coding

Interleave

QAM

Map

Stream

Parse

Convolu-

tional

Coding

&Scramble

MAC

LLC

WiFi IEEE802.11n

C based DL-UL Baseband & Protocol-Stack

Other Multi-Band, Multi-Mode, Multi-Functional Radios

C based DL-UL Baseband & Protocol-Stack

CUDA

Parallel

Processing

Software

I0

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

I0

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

I0

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

I0

IN-1

Q0

QN-1

Subcarr

ier

Mappin

g

PUSCH

mappin

g

IQDFT

Precod

e

DRS/

SRS

PRACH

BRP

UCIbit2qa

m

PDU

PUCCH

IQ

bit2qa

m

PDSCH

H

Estimat

e

PHICH

PCFIC

H BRP

DCI

UE#100

PD

U

PDCCH

HAR

Q

PBCH

DCI

UE#0

BRPPDUHAR

Q

SDU

Extract

SDU

Extract

DL

MAC

PDU

Genera

te

R

L

C

R

R

C

User

Data #0

User

Data

#100

PDC

P

IFFT

CP

Add

Parall

el

Proce

-ssing

3GPP LTE

C based DL-UL Baseband & Protocol-

Stack

Timing

Est

Time

Track

AFC

Cell

Searche

r

FFT

CPRemov

e

Parallel

Proces

sng

GPU1. Reampling

2. FFT, IFFT

3. Channel Estimation

4. Synchronization

5. Equalization

CPU Baseband Processing

Figure 2 Emulation of radios by reprogramming the CPU and GPU

Page 10 of 18

6. Appendices

6.1. Appendix – eNodeB Physical Layer TS36.211 Specifications

S.No Specification Description: Spec compliance to 36.211, Release 8.7

1 Frame structure

2 Frame structure type 1 Yes

3 Frame structure type 2 Yes

4 UL

5 Physical channels Rx

6 Physical signals Rx

7 Slot structure and physical resources

8 Resource grid Yes

9 Resource elements Yes

10 Resource blocks Yes

11 Physical UL shared channel

12 Scrambling Rx

13 Modulation Rx

14 Transform precoding Rx

15 Mapping to physical resources Rx

16 Physical UL control channel

17 PUCCH formats 1, 1a and 1b Rx

18 PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b Rx

19 Mapping to physical resources Rx

20 Reference signals

21 Generation of the reference signal sequence

22 Base sequences of length 3N_RB_SC or larger Rx

23 Base sequences of length less than Rx

24 Group hopping Yes

25 Sequence hopping Yes

26 Demodulation reference signal

27 Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH

28 Reference signal sequence Yes

29 Mapping to physical resources Yes

30 Demodulation reference signal for PUCCH

31 Reference signal sequence Yes


33 Sounding reference signal

34 Sequence generation Yes

Page 11 of 18


36 Sounding reference signal subframe configuration Yes

37 SC-FDMA baseband signal generation Rx

38 Physical random access channel

39 Time and frequency structure Rx

40 Preamble sequence generation Rx

41 Baseband signal generation Rx

42 Modulation and upconversion Rx

43 DL

44 Physical channels Yes

45 Physical signals Yes

46 Slot structure and physical resource elements

47 Resource grid Yes

48 Resource elements Yes

49 Resource blocks

50 Virtual resource blocks of localized type Yes

51 Virtual resource blocks of distributed type Yes

52 Resource-element groups Yes

53 Guard Period for TDD Operation Yes

54 General structure for DL physical channels

55 Scrambling Yes

56 Modulation Yes

57 Layer mapping

58 Layer mapping for transmission on a single antenna port Yes

59 Layer mapping for spatial multiplexing Yes

60 Layer mapping for transmit diversity Yes

61 Precoding

62 Precoding for transmission on a single antenna port Yes

63 Precoding for spatial multiplexing

64 Precoding without CDD Yes

65 Precoding for large delay CDD Yes

66 Codebook for precoding Yes

67 Precoding for transmit diversity Yes

68 Mapping to resource elements Yes

69 Physical DL shared channel Yes

70 Physical broadcast channel Yes

71 Scrambling Yes

72 Modulation Yes

73 Layer mapping and precoding Yes


75 Physical control format indicator channel Yes

Page 12 of 18

76 Scrambling Yes

77 Modulation Yes



80 Physical DL control channel Yes

81 PDCCH formats Yes

82 PDCCH multiplexing and scrambling Yes

83 Modulation Yes



86 Physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel Yes

87 Modulation Yes

88 Resource group alignment, layer mapping and precoding Yes


90 Reference signals Yes

91 Cell-specific reference signals Yes



94 UE-specific reference signals



97 Synchronization signals

98 Primary synchronization signal Yes



101 Secondary synchronization signal



104 OFDM baseband signal generation Yes

105 Modulation and upconversion Yes

106 Generic functions

107 Modulation mapper Yes

108 BPSK Yes

109 QPSK Yes

110 16QAM Yes

111 64QAM Yes

112 Pseudo-random sequence generation Yes

113 Timing

114 UL-DL frame timing Yes

Page 13 of 18

6.2. Appendix B – eNodeB Physical Layer TS36.212 Features and Mymo’s Deliverables

S.No Specification Description

1 Mapping to physical channels

2 UL Yes

3 DL Yes

4 Channel coding, multiplexing and interleaving

5 Generic procedures

6 CRC calculation Yes

7 Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment Yes

8 Channel coding

9 Tail biting convolutional coding Yes

10 Turbo coding

11 Turbo encoder Yes

12 Trellis termination for turbo encoder Yes

13 Turbo code internal interleaver Yes

14 Rate matching

15 Rate matching for turbo coded transport channels Yes

16 Sub-block interleaver Yes

17 Bit collection, selection and transmission Yes

18 Rate matching for convolutionally coded transport channels and control info

19 Sub-block interleaver Yes

20 Bit collection, selection and transmission Yes

21 Code block concatenation Yes

22 UL transport channels and control information

23 Random access channel Rx

24 UL shared channel

25 Transport block CRC attachment Rx

26 Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment Rx

27 Channel coding of UL-SCH Rx

28 Rate matching Rx

29 Code block concatenation Rx

30 Channel coding of control information

31 Channel quality information formats for wideband CQI reports Rx

32

Channel quality information formats for higher layer configured subband

CQI reports Rx

33 Channel quality information formats for UE selected subband CQI reports Rx

34 Channel coding for CQI/PMI information in PUSCH Rx

Page 14 of 18

35 Data and control multiplexing Rx

36 Channel interleaver Rx

37 UL control information on PUCCH

38 Channel coding for UCI HARQ-ACK Rx

39 Channel coding for UCI scheduling request Rx

40 Channel coding for UCI channel quality information

41 Channel quality information formats for wideband reports Rx

42 Channel quality information formats for UE-selected sub-band reports Rx

43 Channel coding for UCI channel quality information and HARQ-ACK Rx

44 UL control information on PUSCH without UL-SCH data

45 Channel coding of control information Rx

46 Control information mapping Rx

47 Channel interleaver Rx

48 DL transport channels and control information

49 Broadcast channel Yes

50 Transport block CRC attachment Yes

51 Channel coding Yes

52 Rate matching Yes

53 DL shared channel, Paging channel Yes

54 Transport block CRC attachment Yes

55 Code block segmentation and code block CRC attachment Yes



58 Code block concatenation Yes

59 DL control information Yes

60 DCI formats Yes

61 Format 0 Yes

62 Format 1 Yes

63 Format 1A Yes

64 Format 1B Yes

65 Format 1C Yes

66 Format 1D Yes

67 Format 2 Yes

68 Format 2A Yes

69 Format 3 Yes

70 Format 3A Yes

71 CRC attachment Yes


Page 15 of 18


74 Control format indicator Yes


76 HARQ indicator Yes


Page 16 of 18

7. References

Ref 1 Meetings and email communication between Mymo and Customer Ref 2 3GPP TS 36.201: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical

Layer – General Description". V8.3.0 (2009-03) Ref 3 3GPP TS 36.101: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User

Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”. V8.6.0(2009-07) Ref 4 3GPP TS 36.211: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical

channels and modulation” V8.7.0 (2009-06) Ref 5 3GPP TS 36.212: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Multiplexing

and channel coding". V8.7.0 (2009-06) Ref 6 3GPP TS 36.213: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer

procedures". V8.7.0 (2009-06) Ref 7 3GPP TS 36.214: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer

– Measurements". V8.6.0 (2009-03) Ref 8 3GPP TS 36.104: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); eNodeB (BS)

radio transmission and reception”. V8.6.0 (2009-06)