Myanmar Offshore Environmental and Social Impact Assessmentconsult-myanmar.com/CSA_Presentation_Yangon.pdf · 2017-09-07 · water quality, marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes and

Myanmar Offshore Environmental and Social

Impact Assessment

CSA Ocean Sciences Inc.

Presentation Topics

• CSA/CSAOS Organization and Experience

• Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) and Comments on the ESIA Process

• Studies and Assessments of Issues and Regulations Related to Oil and Gas Operations

• Baseline and Monitoring Studies of Oil and Gas Operations

• Projects that Mitigate Impacts of Oil and Gas Operations

CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA)

• Specializes in marine environmental and social impact analyses and designing, planning, and conducting multidisciplinary marine environmental programs

• Provides worldwide technical support and data collection services for coastal and offshore environments

• Founded in 1970 has approximately 85 personnelDomesticStuart, Florida

Tampa, Florida

Houston, Texas

Houma, Louisiana

Salinas, California

InternationalPort of Spain, Trinidad

Doha, Qatar

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Nicosia, Cyprus

Singapore

CSA Experience

• Approximately 2,500 studies since 1970

• Studies conducted for more than 600 clients▫ Oil and gas industry ▫ Port authorities▫ Dredging companies▫ Engineering firms▫ Utility companies▫ Law firms▫ Land developers▫ Local, State, Federal, and international

government agencies

CSA Services

▫ Environmental and Social Impact Assessments

▫ Environmental permitting and document preparation

▫ Marine habitat characterization

▫ Resource assessment and restoration

▫ Environmental monitoring

▫ Artificial reef design and siting

▫ GIS applications

▫ Geophysical remote sensing

▫ Operational field management

▫ Survey designs for emergency response

▫ Navigation and positioning

▫ Equipment and coastal survey vessels

Staff Disciplines▫ Biological, physical, geological, and

chemical sciences

▫ Oceanography

▫ Marine and estuarine ecology

▫ Environmental permitting and planning

▫ Fisheries and essential fish habitat assessments

▫ Remote sensing data acquisition and interpretation

▫ Computer modeling and data processing

▫ GIS/GPS applications

▫ Marine logistics and ship operations

CSA Services and Staff Expertise

Locations of CSA International ProjectsCaribbean• Antigua• Bahamas• Cuba• Dominican Republic• Grand Cayman• Grenada• Jamaica• Puerto Rico• Trinidad and Tobago• Virgin Islands (British)• Virgin Islands (U.S.)

Central/South America• Argentina• Brazil• Colombia• Honduras• Nicaragua• Panama• Peru• Guyana• Suriname

North America• Canada• Mexico• United States

Asia/Southeast Asia• China• India• Indonesia• Malaysia• Myanmar• Philippines• Singapore• Taiwan• Thailand

South Pacific• Guam• Midway Island• Palau• Pohnpei (Micronesia)

North Sea

• Ireland• United Kingdom

Europe • Portugal

Mediterranean• Cyprus• Greece• Israel• Turkey

Russia/Former Soviet Union• Azerbaijan (Caspian Sea)• Georgia (Black Sea)• Russia (Sea of Azov, Kara Sea, and Sea of Okhotsk)

Middle East• Bahrain• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia• Kuwait• Oman• Qatar• United Arab Emirates

(Abu Dhabi and Fujairah)• Yemen

Africa

• Angola• Benin• Cameroon• Congo• Côte d'Ivoire• Djibouti• Eritrea• Egypt

Africa

• Equatorial Guinea• Gabon• Ghana• Guinea• Guinea Bissau• Liberia• Libya• Mauritania • Morocco • Mozambique• Nigeria• Nigeria–Sao Tome

é Principe Joint Development Zone

• Senegal• Sierra Leone• South Africa • The Gambia • Togo

Representative Projects

• Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Tourism of the Republic of Cyprus

• Prepared a Strategic Environmental Assessment for hydrocarbon activities with the Exclusive Economic Zone

Strategic Environmental Assessment

Strategic Environmental Assessment Concerning Hydrocarbon Activities

Republic of Cyprus Mediterranean


• Summarized the regional baseline conditions and identified gaps in knowledge

• Demonstrated compliance with Cyprus legal requirements and relevant international requirements

• Assessed environmental and socioeconomic effects (cumulative, synergistic, and transboundary) of the proposed actions

• Discussed mitigation actions and alternatives

Strategic Environmental Assessment

Strategic Environmental Assessment Concerning Hydrocarbon Activities

Republic of Cyprus


• U.S. Department of the Interior

• Prepared Environmental Report for the USDOI oil and gas offshore leasing program over a five year period

• Leasing program consisted of seven lease sales with three in the Gulf of Mexico and four offshore Alaska

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of theU.S. 5-Year Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program

Environmental Report for the Outer Continental Shelf Planning Areas

Gulf of Mexico/Alaska North America


• Environmental and social baseline was described for each of the potential lease areas

• Potential direct and indirect impacts to marine, coastal, and human environment were detailed as well as the potential cumulative impacts

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of theU.S. 5-Year Outer Continental Shelf Oil and GasLeasing Program

Environmental Report for the Outer Continental ShelfPlanning Areas

Gulf of Mexico/Alaska



• Programmatic EIS for evaluation of impacts from oil and gas, renewable energy, and mining for the period of 2012 to 2020

• Activities assessed included seismic surveys, electromechanical sound sources, and geotechnical bottom sampling

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Geologic and Geophysical Activities

Environmental Impact Statement for Geologic & Geophysical Activities

U.S. Atlantic Ocean North America


• Evaluated resources included marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes and fisheries, cultural and archaeological resources, bottom habitats, birds, marine protected areas, human resources, and land use

• Suggested mitigation measures to reduce impacts included time-area closures for right whales and sea turtles and seismic survey protocols

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Geologic and Geophysical Activities

Environmental Impact Statement for Geologic & Geophysical Activities

U.S. Atlantic Ocean



• Programmatic EIS for evaluation of impacts from floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) systems

• EIS elements included describing the FPSO and support activities, determining alternatives, identifying potential impacts, and describing mitigation measures

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems

Environmental Impact Statement for Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems

Gulf of MexicoNorth America


• Issue areas included air quality, water quality, marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes and fisheries, protected areas, cultural and archaeological resources, socioeconomics, system safety and risk, and oil spill risk.

• Public scoping meetings and public hearings on the draft EIS were held

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems

Environmental Impact Statement for Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading Systems

Gulf of Mexico


• BP Exploration Operating Company Limited

• ESIA included an Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan

• Seismic survey was to be conducted in a shallow water coral reef complex and seagrass area using bottom cables

Seismic Operations

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Seismic Operations

Gulf of Suez/EgyptMiddle East


• Satellite imagery used to classify bottom habitats (coral reefs, seagrass beds, algal flats, and rock/sand substrates)

• Bottom video at selected locations used to ground-truth the classifications/mapping

• Map of classifications used to place the hydrophone cables on the seabed to avoid the sensitive areas

• Project received the BP Green Category Award over 1,500 other projects

Seismic Operations


Gulf of Suez/Egypt


• BHP Billiton Trinidad

• Prepared ESIA as well as an Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan covering six lease blocks

• Socioeconomic baseline and potential impacts were extensively covered due to local fisheries in the area

Seismic Operations


Trinidad & TobagoCaribbean


• Public meetings were held with the fisherman as well as other interested parties

• Mitigation measures to reduce potential impacts included a communication program with local fisherman

Seismic Operations


Trinidad & Tobago


• Chevron (Cabinda Gulf Oil Company Limited)

• ESHIA and Environmental Management Plan prepared for the nearshore seismic survey

Seismic Operations

Environmental, Social, and Health Impact Assessment for Seismic Operations

Angola (Cabinda)Africa


• Marine flora and fauna, fisheries, and local communities were emphasized in the baseline description and in the evaluation of potential impacts

• Mitigation measures were developed to reduce the potential impacts

Seismic Operations

Environmental, Social, and Health Impact Assessment for Seismic Operations

Angola (Cabinda)


• PETRONAS Suriname E & P BV

• ESIA and Environmental Management Plan prepared for exploration drilling

• Environmental Baseline Survey and Socioeconomic and Cultural Assessment Survey conducted to support the ESIA

Exploration Drilling

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Exploration Drilling

SurinameCentral/South America


• Results of baseline surveys incorporated into the ESIA

• Public consultation performed as part of the ESIA process


Environmental and Social Impact Assessment forExploration Drilling

Suriname


• Kosmos Energy LLC

• ESIA prepared relative to the drilling of multiple exploration wells

• Document summarized the local and pertinent international regulations, project description, environment, potential impacts of operations, and mitigation measures to reduce the potential impacts



MoroccoAfrica


• As in all projects, local experts were involved in the ESIA and the public consultation

• Several meetings held with the public to explain the project



Morocco


• Ghana National Petroleum Corporation

• ESIA and baseline field survey to support the ESIA

• ESIA covered gas and condensate transport from a FPSO Unit through a gas pipeline to an onshore processing plant and natural gas liquids pipeline to an offshore buoy for tanker loading

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for a Natural Gas Pipeline and Tanker Transport

Ghana Africa


• ESIA work included the development of a scoping report, holding scoping meetings, coordinating stakeholder engagement, and preparation of the ESIA that incorporated the data from the environmental baseline survey

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for a Natural Gas Pipeline and Tanker Transport

Ghana


• Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, Limited

• ESIA and environmental baseline survey for a gas/condensate field and an oil/gas field with two platforms, 800 km of duel pipelines, liquefied natural gas plant, and oil export terminal

• Development of responses to bank lenders

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for Development Activities

Sakhalin Island, Russia

Eurasia


• Issues associated with bank lenders were oil spill response and impacts, pipeline river crossings, wetland drainage, marine mammals, commercial fisheries, air and water quality, noise, and solid waste management

• Baseline survey designed to provide information to assist in resolving the issues

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for Development Activities

Sakhalin Island, Russia


• PETRONAS Research and Scientific Services/Sabah Shell Petroleum Company Limited

• ESIA and baseline survey for a deepwater field development and pipelines to shore

• Baseline study involved the collection of water column profiles, water samples, sediment samples, and faunal samples

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for a Platform and Pipelines

Sabah, MalaysiaSoutheast Asia


• ESIA addressed environmental, social, and health issues and analyzed alternative field development plans

• Mitigation measures were developed to reduce potential impacts

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Baseline Survey for a Platform and Pipelines

Sabah, Malaysia


• BP Berau Limited

• ESIA and environmental baseline survey conducted with the ESIA meeting Indonesian and international banking standards for a gas production, transmission, liquefaction, and export project

• Project included drilling 48 development wells from several platforms, pipelines to shore, LNG plant construction, and construction of an airport

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Baseline Survey for a Liquefied Natural Gas Development Project

West Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia

Southeast Asia


• ESIA included pre-construction, construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of the project

• All significant air emissions and water discharges were modeled as part of the ESIA evaluation

• Public consultation was conducted with52 local villages; 3,300 ha of land were purchased for the plant and a village was moved to accommodate the plant

• Seven different plans were prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan including a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan and Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan

Development Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Baseline Survey for a Liquefied Natural Gas Development Project

West Papua (Irian Jaya), Indonesia

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

• Primary purpose is the prevention/minimization of adverse impacts

• Secondary purpose is to inform stakeholders

ESIA Document Components

• Project description with applicable laws/regulations applied

• Environmental/social resources in project area

• Evaluation of potential impacts

• Mitigation measures and residual impacts

• Environmental and social management and monitoring plans

Resources Evaluated(Depth of Evaluation Dependent on Project)

• Air quality

• Sediments/sediment quality

• Seawater quality

• Plankton, fish, and fishery resources

• Bottom communities (soft bottom, hard bottom, chemosynthetic communities)

• Marine mammals and sea turtles

• Social related water based activities (shipping, fishing, tourism, etc.)

Potential Impact Producing Routine Activities and Accidental Actions

• ROUTINE

• Seismic - vessel movement and air guns (noise)

• Drilling - anchoring, discharge of drilling muds and cuttings, other discharges, noise, air emissions, support vessel traffic

• Development/production - field infrastructure installation and commissioning including platform(s) and subsea equipment (pipelines, jumpers, etc.), pipeline(s) to shore, gas/oil processing and transport, and support vessel and helicopter traffic with associated discharges and noise

Potential Impact Producing Routine Activities and Accidental Actions

• ACCIDENT

• Diesel fuel spill

• Oil spill

Classification of Impact Significance

Likelihood vs.Consequence

Increasing Impact Consequence

Beneficial Negligible Minor Moderate Severe

Dec

reas

ing

Impa

ct L

ikel

ihoo

d

Likely Beneficial Negligible Low Medium High

Occasional Beneficial Negligible Low Medium High

Rare Beneficial Negligible Negligible Low High

Remote Beneficial Negligible Negligible Low Medium

Definitions of Impact Consequence

Significance Physical/Chemical Environment Biological Environment Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

High

One or more of the following impacts: Widespread, persistent

contamination of air, water, or sediment

Frequent, severe violations of air or water quality standards or guidelines

One or more of the following impacts: Extensive, irreversible

damage to sensitive habitats such as sensitive deepwater communities, hard/live bottom communities, seagrassbeds, marshes, and/or coral reefs, and other sites identified as MPAs, marine protected habitats, or areas of special concern

Death or injury of large numbers of a species listed by the IUCN as endangered, critically endangered, or vulnerable, or irreversible damage to their critical habitat

One or more of the following impacts: Extensive, irreversible

damage to recreational resources such as beaches, boating areas, and/or tourism

Impacts posing a significant threat to public health or public safety

Impacts of a magnitude sufficient to alter the nation’s social, economic, or cultural characteristics, or result in social unrest

Definitions of Impact Consequence (Continued)

Significance Physical/Chemical Environment Biological Environment Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

Medium

One or more of the following impacts: Occasional and/or localized

violation of air or water quality standards or guidelines

Persistent sediment toxicity or anoxia in a small area

One or more of the following impacts: Localized, reversible damage to

sensitive habitats such as sensitive deepwater communities, hard/live bottom communities, seagrass beds, marshes, and/or coral reefs, and other sites identified as MPAs, marine protected habitats, or areas of special concern

Extensive damage to non-sensitive habitats to the degree that ecosystem function and ecological relationships could be altered

Death, injury, disruption of critical activities (e.g., breeding, nesting, nursing), or damage to critical habitat of individuals of a species listed by the IUCN as endangered, critically endangered, or vulnerable

One or more of the following impacts: Disruption of fishing

activities at any location for more than 30 days or exclusion from more than 10% of the fishable area at a given time

Impacts leading to greater than a 10% change in fishery harvest

Localized, reversible impacts on recreational resources such as beaches, boating areas, and/or tourist area

Definitions of Impact Consequence (Continued)

Significance Physical/Chemical Environment Biological Environment Socioeconomic and Cultural

Environment

Low Changes that can be monitored and/or noticed but are within the scope of existing variability, and do not meet any of the High or Medium definitions (above)

Negligible Changes unlikely to be noticed or measurable against background activities

+ Beneficial Likely to cause some enhancement to the environment or the social/economic system

Components for Determining Potential Impacts

• Project activity/source of impact

• Resource(s) affected

• Impact likelihood (likely, occasional, rare, remote)

• Impact characteristics and consequences (beneficial, negligible, minor , moderate, severe)

• Impact significance (beneficial, negligible, low, medium, high)

• Impacts comprised of spatial and temporal factors (site specific, cumulative, transboundary)

Considerations in Determining Potential Impacts

• How do the impact analysts and reviewers make decisions regarding the types and severity of impacts?

• Is there sufficient information concerning the environment (literature/previous site specific surveys)? Are baseline surveys needed due to a lack of information and anticipated impact? Is seasonality a factor? Is there adequate time to perform a survey(s) and incorporate the findings into the ESIA?

• Is there sufficient knowledge from past field monitoring studies of impacts from similar activities in a similar environment (literature)?

• Is modeling of the discharges (routine and accident) and emissions (noise and air) needed?

• Is the diesel/oil spill contingency plan adequate to limit impacts?

Considerations in Determining Potential Impacts

• Can mitigation measure(s) in the form of engineering and science solutions be applied to reduce impacts?

• Are the solutions applied as part of the project description or after the determination of potential impacts?

• Is there a cost/benefit factor applied to mitigation measures?

• How are residual potential impacts after mitigation measure(s) determined?

• Is there sufficient confidence that the determination of potential impacts after mitigation measures are accurate or is environmental monitoring needed?

Accuracy of Impact Assessment

• How accurate is the evaluation of the potential impacts?

• The accuracy of the impact assessment is based on the information available and its application by experienced impact analysts

• If there is inadequate information and/or inexperienced analysts, the potential impact conclusions will likely be inaccurate

Relevancy to ESIA

• Take advantage of existing information in the preparation of the ESIA

• Decisions on baseline surveys and/or monitoring associated with the ESIA should account for previous scientific studies

History of Issues/Regulations/Scientific Studies

• Water-based drilling fluids and cuttings discharges (1980’s)

• Synthetic-based drilling fluids use and cuttings discharges (1990’s)

• Produced water discharges and radionuclides, metals, and hydrocarbons (early 1990’s)

• Produced water discharges and bioaccumulation of metals and hydrocarbons (late 1990’s)

• Cooling water intake platforms and LNG receiving terminals (2000’s)


• Study for the U.S. Department of the Interior

• Modeling of discharges of muds and cuttings using the Offshore Operators Muds and Cuttings Discharge Model

Water-Based Drilling Muds and Cuttings

Assessment of the Long-Term Fate and Effective Methods of California OCS Platform Particulate Discharges

U.S. Pacific Ocean North America


• Evaluation of physical, chemical, and biological processes that control fate of discharges

• Mitigation measures proposed to reduce impacts


Assessment of the Long-Term Fate and Effective Methods of California OCS Platform Particulate Discharges

U.S. Pacific Ocean


• American Petroleum Institute

• 3-year study

• Field collections at sites for sediment grain size, metals, hydrocarbons, and infauna (animals that live within the sediment such as worm, clams, etc.)


Fate and Effects of Nearshore Drilling Fluid Discharges



• Determined the spatial distribution of the discharged drilling muds and cuttings on the bottom

• Statistically analyzed the data to determine the impacts of the discharged muds and cuttings on the infauna


Fate and Effects of Nearshore Drilling Fluid Discharges

Gulf of Mexico



• Multiyear field study of two exploration sites, three development sites, and one spill site at a depth of approximately 1,000 m

• Evaluation of physical impacts to the bottom from muds/cuttings, anchor systems, and debris

Synthetic-Based Drilling Muds and Cuttings

Effects of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development at Selected Continental Slope Sites



• Determination of physical and chemical modifications to the sediments

• Evaluation of biological effects on bottom fauna and fishes


Effects of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development at Selected Continental Slope Sites

Gulf of Mexico


• American Petroleum Institute

• Required by U.S. EPA Discharge Permit Condition

• Multi-year field study at multiple sites in water depths of 40 to 500 m


Comprehensive Synthetic-Based Muds Monitoring Program



• Determination of thickness and areal extent of muds/cuttings, physical and chemical conditions in the sediments, and zone of biological effects


Comprehensive Synthetic-Based Muds Monitoring Program

Gulf of Mexico


• U.S. Department of Energy

• Multiyear field study of produced water and sand discharges to coastal Louisiana and continental shelf habitats (water, sediment, and fauna)

• Studied recovery at two coastal terminated produced water discharge sites and multiple discharging offshore sites

• Conducted a survey of fishery landings and human consumption

Produced Water

Environmental Evaluation of Radionuclides, Metals, and Hydrocarbons in Oil and Gas Discharges

Gulf of Mexico/Coastal Louisiana

North America


• Performed an ecological and human health risk assessment based on concentrations of radionuclides, metals, and hydrocarbons in water, sediment, and fauna as well as fishery landings/human consumption

• Evaluated the economic impacts of State and Federal regulations of produced water discharges

Produced Water

Environmental Evaluation of Radionuclides, Metals, and Hydrocarbons in Oil and Gas Discharges

Gulf of Mexico/Coastal Louisiana


• Offshore Operators Committee

• Required by U.S. EPA permit condition

• Multiyear field study at multiple platform sites

• Objective was to determine if statistically significant increases in produced water related chemicals occurred in the edible tissues of fishes and invertebrates in the vicinity of the platforms

Produced Water

Produced Water Bioaccumulation Study

Gulf of Mexico

North America


• Studied platforms that discharged more than 4,600 bbls/day of produced water

• Three surveys conducted with volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, metals, and radionuclides sampled

• Evaluated the environmental significance (risk) of statistically significant increases

Produced Water

Produced Water Bioaccumulation Study

Gulf of Mexico


• Offshore Operators Committee

• Required by U.S. EPA as discharge permit condition with the goal of the permit to minimize adverse impacts of the impingement and entrainment of fish and other organisms

• Multiyear field study with sampling every 2 weeks

Cooling Water

Cooling Water Intake Structure Entrainment Monitoring Study



• Vertically stratified plankton collections collected at dawn, mid-day, and dusk in the vicinity of four deepwater platforms

• Fish eggs and larvae were enumerated in the samples to determine the quantities in the seawater that is used for platform-related cooling

Cooling Water

Cooling Water Intake Structure Entrainment Monitoring Study

Gulf of Mexico

Discharge Regulations

• Discharge regulations standardize potentially differing discharges between operators

• Regulations in some environments can require zero discharges (shallow water with limited water circulation)

• Regulations should take into account the receiving environment, knowledge on the types/quantities/constituents of the discharges, and scientific knowledge of the environmental impacts of the specific discharges from previous laboratory toxicity tests and field studies

• Discharges occur from drilling (drilling fluids and cuttings), completion (fluids), facility construction (jetting, dredging, pipeline test fluids), and production (produced water, treatment chemicals, cooling water, etc.) plus living quarters’ wastes


• Noble Energy Mediterranean, Ltd.

• A comprehensive review ofdrilling-related discharge regulations was performed with the focus being non-aquaeous drilling fluids on cuttings

• Four U.S. EPA regions

• Five countries: Australia, Canada, Ghana, Nigeria, and Trinidad-Tobago

Discharge Regulations Associated with Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

International Regulations of Drilling Fluid and Cutting Discharges

World World


• Five conventions: OSPAR (North Atlantic and North Sea), Barcelona (Mediterranean Sea), Abjdjam (West and Central Africa), Helsinki (Baltic Sea), and Kuwait (Persian Gulf)

• International Finance Corporation (World Bank)

Discharge Regulations Associated with Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

International Regulations of Drilling Fluid and Cutting Discharges

World


• United Nations Environmental Programme

• Preparation phase for Marine Action Plan for Implementation of the Offshore Protocol of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona Convention)

International Best Practices and Regulations

Mediterranean Action Plan

Mediterranean SeaMediterranean


• Action Plan coordinated by a working group coordinated by the Regional Emergency Response Centre of the Mediterranean Sea

• International best practices and regulations identified and analyzed

• Compiled responses on existing legislation and administration framework by country in the region to identify gaps between the Offshore Protocol and existing laws and practices

International Best Practices and Regulations

Mediterranean Action Plan

Mediterranean Sea

Relevancy to ESIA

• Application of previous scientific monitoring studies to assessment of potential impact

• Necessary to establish similarity of the environment under consideration in the ESIA and the environment previously studied in the monitoring (for example, water depth, bottom type, and water current regime) and to explain similarities/dissimilarities and how this might affect the application of the monitoring results/conclusions


• Anadarko Petroleum Company

• Baseline survey conducted to support an ESIA

• Field survey conducted in water depths of 5 to 1,500 m

• Water column and bottom habitats characterized

Pre-Exploration Drilling Environmental Baseline Survey

Black Sea Environmental Baseline Survey

Republic of GeorgiaEurasia


• Water column vertical profiles included collection of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll data

• Water samples analyzed for metals, hydrocarbons, nutrients, and others

• Sediment samples analyzed for grain size, metals, hydrocarbons, and infauna

Pre-Exploration Drilling Environmental Baseline Survey

Black Sea Environmental Baseline Survey

Republic of Georgia


• Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Company

• Issues and data needs were compiled followed by a data/literature search to determine available information

• Data gaps were identified and an environmental baseline survey terms of reference was prepared

Development Operations Environmental Baseline Survey

Environmental Baseline Survey for Development Project

Azerbaijan/Caspian SeaEurasia


• Water column profiles, water samples, sediment samples, and bottom video collected during a field survey

• In-country laboratories audited to determine abilities to analyze hydrocarbon and metals samples

Development Operations Environmental Baseline SurveyEnvironmental Baseline Survey for Development Project

Azerbaijan/Caspian Sea


• U.S. Department of the Interior, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, andU.S. Geological Survey

• Prior to any oil and gas leasing, the environment in the potential area to be leased needs to be characterized so that adequate information is available for the preparation of an ESIA that analyzes the impacts of the leasing

Environmental Baseline Field Study

Environmental Baseline Deepwater Canyons Study

U.S. Atlantic OceanNorth America


• This 4-year study of four deepwater canyons investigated biological communities, oceanographic processes, and archaeological sites near the canyons using multi-beam sonar for mapping, remotely operated vehicle with video and still cameras for recording fauna and substrate, bottom trawls and box cores for sample collections, and bottom landers for time series data

Environmental Baseline Field Study

Environmental Baseline Deepwater Canyons Study

U.S. Atlantic Ocean



• Oil and gas operations have the potential to negatively impact deepwater hard bottom biological communities particularly chemosynthetic communities and deepwater corals through physical impacts (anchoring) and burial/turbidity from discharged muds and cuttings

• The purpose of this multiyear study was to characterize the coral communities while another study further examined deepwater chemosynthetic communities

Environmental Baseline Survey

Environmental Baseline Survey to Characterize Deepwater Hard Bottom Communities with Emphasis on Lophelia Coral

Gulf of Mexico

North America


• A submersible was used for the survey at 10 sites

• Short- and long-term current measurements were made with an emphasis on the bottom boundary conditions with the data used to model coral larvae dispersal

• Video and still photo mosaics were recorded; sediment traps deployed and recovered; and corals collected for lab analyses, transplanted to determine transplant success rates, and stained to determine growth rates

Environmental Baseline Survey

Environmental Baseline Survey to Characterize Deepwater Hard Bottom Communities with Emphasis on Lophelia Coral

Gulf of Mexico

• Laboratory studies were conducted on coral morphology, skeletal density, reproduction temperature and salinity tolerances, and feeding


• Noble Energy Mediterranean Limited

• Field surveys were conducted prior to and after the drilling of a single exploration well in an approximate depth of 1,700 m

• Based on previous knowledge of the behavior of discharge drilling muds and cuttings, bottom sampling was emphasized over water column sampling

Environmental Monitoring of Exploration Drilling

Pre- and Post-Exploration Drilling Environmental Field Surveys

IsraelMiddle East


• A statistically robust sampling design was developed that included 42 bottom stations for sample collection

• Bottom video; water column profiles; water samples; and bottom samples for grain size, metals, hydrocarbons, and infauna were collected using a remotely operated vehicle and other instrumentation

Environmental Monitoring of Exploration Drilling

Pre- and Post-Exploration Drilling Environmental Field Surveys

Israel


• Noble Energy Mediterranean Limited

• Field surveys were conducted to monitor the environmental impact of discharges from two gas producing platforms with the major discharge being produced water

• The produced water discharge was modeled to determine the spatial extent during the development of the monitoring plan

• Three baseline surveys were conducted prior to the initiation of the discharge of an additional volume of produced water from a second platform

Environmental Monitoring of Production Discharges

Environmental Monitoring of Discharges Associated withGas Production

IsraelMiddle East


• Monitoring surveys were conducted two times per year following the start up of the gas production from the second platform

• The baseline and monitoring field surveys included the collection of water column profiles; water samples for metals and hydrocarbons; bottom video; sediment samples for grain size, metals, and hydrocarbons; faunal collections for determination of bioaccumulation of metals and hydrocarbons; and infauna

• Samples of the produced water were collected and analyzed for metals, hydrocarbons, and other chemical constituents

Environmental Monitoring of Production Discharges

Environmental Monitoring of Discharges Associated withGas Production

Israel


• Petrobras-CENPES

• Conducting a field bottom quality survey using an instrument that provides sediment column (profile) and sediment surface imagery of the bottom sediments for the purpose of mapping the presence and spatial distribution of an environmental gradient of degraded sediments (low oxygen) and fauna

Non-Specific Activities

Application of Sediment Profile Imaging to Environmental Baseline Surveys and Monitoring of Environmental Impacts

Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCentral/South America


• 150 bottom stations to be occupied with the instrument leading to the development of maps of the survey area indicating degraded sediments

• Instrumentation and methods previously used to monitor recovery of bottom habitats from dredging projects and discharges of muds and cuttings from oil and gas drilling

Non-Specific Activities

Application of Sediment Profile Imaging to Environmental Baseline Surveys and Monitoring of Environmental Impacts

Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Relevancy to ESIA

• Application of mitigation measures to identified potential negative impacts to reduce negative impacts


• Terralliance Technologies, Inc.

• Implementation of the Environmental Management/Monitoring Plans that were associated with the ESIA

• Marine Mammal Observers (MMOs) and a Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) System were placed on the seismic vessel during operation

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Seismic Operations

Environmental Mitigation and Compliance Monitoring for Seismic Operations

MozambiqueAfrica


• PAM allowed for seismic operations to be conduced at night when the MMOs are not effective at locating sea turtles and mammals

• No negative impacts were observed relative to sea turtles, marine mammals, and fisherman during the monitoring

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Seismic Operations

Environmental Mitigation and Compliance Monitoring for Seismic Operations

Mozambique


• Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited and Qatar Gas 3 and 4 (ExxonMobil)

• A pipeline from an offshore platform to an LNG plant ran through a nearshorehard bottom area with scattered hard corals

• Prior to pipeline construction 4,500 hard corals were required to be transplanted from 25 m on either side of the pipeline to avoid impacts

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Oil and Gas Development

Hard Coral Relocation

Qatar Middle East


• A Coral Management Plan was developed that included the identification of suitable transplant sites, coral handling during transport, removal and re-attachment techniques, and long-term monitoring of the transplanted corals

• The success rate of the transplanted corals was 90% after the 2 years of monitoring of coral health following transplant

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Oil and Gas Development

Hard Coral Relocation

Qatar


• U.S. Navy

• Environmental baseline survey of a port area that requires dredging was performed

• Diver surveys at 100 locations on a coral reef area were conducted to identify the number/percentage cover of attached organisms, including hard corals with the addition of the identification of fishes and sea turtles along 34 transects

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Port Dredging

Environmental Baseline Survey of a Port with Implications of Potential Impacts from Dredging and Impact Mitigation

GuamSoutheast Asia


• Additional sampling included soft bottom infauna at 55 sites

• A laboratory dose-response study of turbidity and sediment deposition on four species of stony corals over 4 weeks was performed along with an analysis of the corals using histopathologicalmethods

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Port Dredging

Environmental Baseline Survey of a Port with Implications of Potential Impacts from Dredging and Impact Mitigation

Guam


• Middle East Dredging Company

• A new large seaport for cargo, cruise ships, and a naval base is planned

• The port is in an area of hard bottom with attached hard corals that are required to be transplanted prior to construction /dredging activities

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Port Development

Artificial Reef Establishment and Hard Coral Relocation

QatarMiddle East


• A Coral Mitigation Plan was developed that included the placement of800 m3 of artificial reef modules as transplant sites, coral handling methods during transport, removal and re-attachment techniques, andlong-term monitoring of the transplanted corals

• Approximately 10,000 coral colonies were transplanted with a success rate of the transplanted corals of approximately 95%

Mitigation of Potential Impacts of Port Development

Artificial Reef Establishment and Hard Coral Relocation

Qatar

Summary

• Emphasized that the primary purpose of the ESIA is the prevention/minimization of adverse impacts

• Discussed the ESIA process for offshore oil and gas activities emphasizing the need for ESIA analysts to apply the available scientific literature on the environmental/social baseline conditions, activities associated with potential impacts, and mitigation actions

• Discussed the need for analysts and reviewers to determine if additional information is needed to characterize the potentially affected environment (baseline studies) and if it is necessary to demonstrate that the impacts predicted are accurate (monitoring)

• Emphasized that the accuracy of the impact assessment is based on the information available and its application by experienced impact analysts

CSA Ocean Sciences Inc.8502 SW Kansas Avenue · Stuart, Florida 34997

www.csacoean.com · 772-219-3000

Documents

Myanmar Offshore Environmental and Social Impact Assessmentconsult-myanmar.com/CSA_Presentation_Yangon.pdf · 2017-09-07 · water quality, marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes and