Upload
irrisocialsciences
View
68
Download
6
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
IRRI-Social Sciences Division Seminar 11-2013; Myanmar and the "rice value chain" challenge, Dr. Randy Barker, IRRI Emeritus, Friday, 31 May 2013, 9:30-10:30pm, SSD Conference Room, Drilon Hall, Social Sciences Division, IRRI
Citation preview
MYANMARTHE RICE VALUE
CHAIN CHALLENGE
Randy BarkerMay 31, 2013
HYPOTHESES
The greatest potential for increasing rice production in Asia lies with Myanmar but even with appropriate investments and policies it will take a decade or more to realize that potential.
In managing the water in the Ayeyarwady Delta, there is much that Myanmar can learn from the experience of Vietnam in the Mekong and Bangladesh.
FOOD VALUE CHAIN
Food value chains comprise all activities required to bring farm products to consumers including agricultural production, processing, storage, marketing (including exports), distribution, and consumption.
• Gomez et al., 2011
Definition: Part 1
FOOD VALUE CHAIN
Which consumer behaviors, public policies, and decisions by private firms and civil society organizations are likely to promote the emergence of poverty-reducing environmental sustainability.
• Gomez et al., 2011
Definition: Part 2
Value chain links
PRODUCTION
POST HARVEST
MARKETS
POLICY
Conceptual model explaining the yield gap between experiment station and actual farm yields (Herdt et al., 1978)
Economically non-recoverable gap
Economically recoverable gap
Yield gap
Experiment station yield
Potential farm yield
Actual farm yield
Economical farm yield
Attributable to environmental differences
“what”
“why”
PRODUCTION
Constraints:Water managementLand tenureGovernment disincentives – nitrogen/rice price ratioCredit
IRRI activities:CURE (David Johnson) research in lower DeltaIRC (Grant Singleton)
Missing scientists: Production economist, Hydrologist
Trend in Output of Paddy in Vietnam
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Years
Thou
sand
tons
Dec
ree
No.
100
Dec
ree
No.
10
Land
Law
Doi
Moi
Libe
raliz
ation
of
mar
kets
Wat
er L
aw
Mekong Delta
THE DIKE SYSTEM
The dike system in the deep water of the Mekong Delta has been highly successful. Production increased from one crop of 2 tons per year to 2 crops of 4 tons each, one before and one after the flood.
Four provinces in the Mekong Delta account for essentially all of Vietnam’s exports.
POST-HARVEST AND MILLING
ConstraintsDue to inadequate drying, storage, and milling equipment Myanmar exports low quality 25% broken rice to Africa and China.
IRRI activitiesMartin Gummert’s promoting the use of drying equipment.
BREEDING FOR THE MARKET
Which market? Super market? (Paw San)
Domestic market? Mahsuri?Export market?
SUPERMARKET
Paw Sam super premiumSagajng regionPrice: $1.00 per kg
Paw Sam premiumAyeyarwady regionPrice: $0.67 per kg
Breeder objectiveShort season, high yielding paw sam
LOCAL MARKET
Mahsuri:
“In addition to high grain quality Mahsuri has the capacity to give yields slightly higher than traditional varieties with low level of fertilizer and at water depths up to 30 or more centimeters which inhibit the growth of the semi-dwarf varieties.” Barker and Herdt 1985
Breeding for abiotic stresses
Samba Mahsuri plus sub-1.
EXPORT MARKET
Of the following four countries below which has the highest yield per hectare, which the lowest and why?
PhilippinesIndonesia
ThailandVietnam
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Viet Nam
Year
Hg/Ha
Rice yield per hectare
POLICY
Papers of David Daice, Harvard Kennedy Schooland “Proximity designs” Burmese NGO (see web)
Revitalizing agriculture in Myanmar – June 2010 Rejuvenating the sector in Myanmar- Sept 2010 Appraising post-sanction prospects for
Myanmar’s economy – Jan 2012 Rice policy in Myanmar. It is getting complicated.
April 2013.