MwpKfk; rpWepjp kw;Wk; NguopT epHthfk;. SLIDE 2 OF 17 – INTRODUCTION Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; Gpd;tUgtw;iw Ghpe;J nfhs;tjhFk; :,aw;if NguopTfs; NguopT epHthfj;jpd;

mwpKfk;

rpWepjp kw;Wk; NguopT epHthfk;

SLIDE 2 OF 17 – INTRODUCTION

Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

Gpd;tUgtw;iw Ghpe;J nfhs;tjhFk;:•,aw;if NguopTfs;•NguopT epHthfj;jpd; gpd;dzpapYs;s mbg;gil fUj;Jf;fs;

•rpWepjp epWtdj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; NguopT epHthfk;

•,e;j gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; •,g;gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s gbg;gyFfs; (khl;A+y;fs;)


jiyg;Gfs;

1.,aw;if NguopTfs;2.NguopT epHthfk;3.rpWepjp kw;Wk; ,lH epHthfk; 4.,g;gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; 5.,g;gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s

gbg;gyFfs;


1. ,aw;if NguopTfs; (1)

jdpegH gpujpgypg;G: ‘,aw;if NguopT’ gw;wpa tpsf;fk; xd;iw vOJtjw;F Kaw;rpAq;fs;. cq;fSf;F nghUe;Jk; tifapy; ePq;fs; vd;d ,aw;ifg; NguopTfis re;jpj;jpUf;fpwPHfs;? Vd;d epfo;e;jJ? kf;fSk; rKjhaq;fSk; vt;tpjk; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shapd?


,aw;if NguopTfs; (2)

,aw;if NguopT vd;gJ> ghjpf;fg;gLk; rKjhak; my;yJ ehL> tof;fj;jpw;F khwhd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;;> kpff; fLikahf> jpBnud;W my;yJ gbg;gbahf jhf;ff;$ba XH ,aw;if epfo;thFk;:

• mJ> nts;sk;> Gay;/#iwf;fhw;W/#whtsp> jP> gdpg;Gay;> epyeLf;fk;> Rdhkp> vhpkiyapd; rPw;wk; Nghd;witahf ,Uf;fyhk;.

• ,tw;wpy; rpy ‘kpfj;Jhpjkhf’ jhf;ff;$Lk;> NtWrpy ‘epjhdkhf’ jhf;ff;$Lk;.

• ,tw;wpy; rpy gUt khw;wq;fSf;Fl;gl;lit> kw;Wk; rpy fzpf;ff;$bait.


,aw;if NguopTfs; (3)

,aw;if NguopTfs; ghFghlw;witahf ,Ug;gpDk;> gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fshy; mtw;wpd; jhf;fk; ngUk;ghYk; Vio kf;fisNa ngUk; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shf;FfpwJ :

• mtw;iw rkhspg;gjw;fhd ntFrpy topKiwfNs mtHfsplk; cs;sd. • mtHfs; ngUk;ghYk; ‘Mgj;jhd’ ,lq;fspNyNa trpf;f NehpLfpwJ –

cjhuzkhf> nts;sk; ghjpf;ff;$ba jho;thd gFjpfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt ,aw;if NguopTfs;> Vio kf;fisNa ghjpg;gijg;Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ – Vnddpy;> cz;ikapy; mg;gbj;jhd; epfo;fpwJ!


2. NguopT epHthfk;• NguopTf;fhd jahHepiy> eltbf;if kw;Wk; ,ay;Gepiyf;F jpUk;Gtjw;fhd

topKiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtNj NguopT epHthfkhFk;. ,J xU njhlH eilKiwahFk; - mjhtJ ,aw;if NguopTfs; jhf;Ftjw;F Kd;dH> jhf;Fjypd;NghJ kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dH.

• ‘rpWepjp kw;Wk; ,aw;if NguopTfs;;’ Fwpj;j ngUk;ghyhd tpthjq;fs;> mtrufhy epthuzj;ijNa ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; vk;v/g;If;fs; ‘rpWepjp kw;Wk; ,aw;if NguopTfs;;’ kPjhd rpy tphpthd gpur;idfis jPHf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

• ehq;fs; Nfl;gJ: ‘vk;v/g;Iapd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; NguopT epHthfk; vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ?’

• NguopTf;fhd jahHepiy> eltbf;if kw;Wk; ,ay;Gepiyf;F jpUk;Gjy; cl;gl> NguopT epHthfk; njhlHghf vk;v/g;If;fs; XH ,irTs;s (Fiwe;j vjpHtpisT rhHe;j) mZFKiwia Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.


NguopT epHthf Row;rpNguopTf;fhd jahHepiy Nguoptpd; tpisTfis Fiwf;Fk; nghUl;L vLf;fg;gLk; Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;iffisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,lHf;fhyq;fspy; nray;gLtjw;Nfw;w epWtd kw;Wk; epHthfj; jpwid cUthf;FtNj mjd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

NguopTf;fhd eltbf;if ,lHf;fhyj;jpy; cUthff;$ba vjpHkiw jhf;fq;fis Fiwf;Fk; nghUl;L> Nguoptpw;F Kd;> Nguoptpd;NghJ kw;Wk; mjw;Fg; gpd; cldbahf vLf;fg;gLk; eltbf;iffisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

NguopT epHthfk;> NguopTf;fhd jahHepiy> eltbf;if kw;Wk; ,ay;Gepiyf;F jpUk;Gjy; njhlHghd nray;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

NguoptpypUe;J ,ay;Gepiyf;Fj; jpUk;Gjy; NguopTf;Fg;gpd;> r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; epiyfis rPH nra;Ak; nghUl;L vLf;fg;gLk; xl;Lnkhj;j FWfpafhy kw;Wk; ePz;lfhy eltbf;iffs;.


3. rpWepjp kw;Wk; ,lH epHthfk;

rpWepWtd cUthf;fk;tsHe;JtUk; thbf;ifahsHtUkhdk; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fs;

,lH epHthfk;ghJfhf;fpwJ thbf;ifahsHtUkhdk; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fs;


rpWepjp kw;Wk; NguopT epHthf Row;rp

epWtd cUthf;fk;MSik, kdpjts Nkk;ghL, Jiw epHthfk;, vk;Iv];, Kjypad.

mtrufhy epthuzk;?

epjp rYiffs;? fzf;fpay; eilKiwfs;?

vjpHtpisT gzkhf;fy; neUf;fbahf ,Uf;ff;$Lkh?epHthf neUf;fb?,ay;Gepiyf;F jpUk;Gtjpy; neUf;fb?

NguopT jahHepiy jpl;lk;

,lH tiuT kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL

G+Nfhs kw;Wk; gphpT rhHe;j gd;Kfkhf;fy;

gu];gu tpopg;GzHit Nkk;gLj;Jjy;

mtrufhy gz ,Ug;G


4. ,g;gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;Ffs;• rpWepjp kw;Wk; NguopT epHthfk;” njhlHghd rHtNjr

mDgtq;fspypUe;J fw;wy;. • cWjpahd epjp Nritfis mspf;Fk; jq;fsJ mbg;gil njhopYf;F ghjpg;G

Vw;glhtz;zk;> NguopTfSf;F cjtf;$ba rpwe;j nray;jpl;lq;fis vk;v/g;If;fs; kw;Wk; gy;Jiw muRrhuh njhz;L epWtdq;fs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mspj;jy;.

• vjpHfhyj;jpy; epfof;$ba NguopTfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; vjpHnfhz;L jPHT fhzf;$ba tifapy; NguopT jahHepiy jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F vk;v/g;If;fSf;F cjTjy;.


5. ,g;gapw;rp ghlj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s gbg;gyFfs; 1. Vk;v/g;Iapd; jahHepiy2. Thbf;ifahshpd; jahHepiy3. Jhpj eltbf;if4. tho;f;if Mjhuj;ij kPl;likg;gjpy; rpWepjpapd; gq;F5. tho;f;if Mjhuj;ij kPl;likj;jy;.

Nkw;fz;l tp\aq;fs; xd;Wld; xd;W njhlHGilaitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd.


gbg;gyF 1: vk;v/g;Iapd; jahHepiygpd;tUgit cs;spl;l> epfof;$ba NguopTfSf;fhd jahHepiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;L> vk;v/g;I jPHT fhz Ntz;ba ‘epWtdk; rhHe;j’ gpur;idfis ,e;j gbg;gyF tpsf;FfpwJ:

• NguopT mghak; Fwpj;j rhj;jpaq;fis milahsk; fhzy;; • ,e;j mghaq;fshy; epWtdk; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba tha;g;gpid Fiwj;jy;;

kw;Wk; • NguopT mikjpj;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;Fjy;.


gbg;gyF 2: thbf;ifahshpd; jahHepiygpd;tUgit cl;gl> thbf;ifahshpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; NguopTfs; Fwpj;J ,e;j

gbg;gyF tpsf;FfpwJ:• Vo;ikepiyapYs;s FLk;gq;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,lH epHthf nray;Kiwfs;;• NguopTfSf;F Kd;Gk; kw;Wk; gpd;Gk; kf;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; epjp

njhlHghd xj;Jg;NghFk; Af;jpfs;;• jdJ thbf;ifahsHfSf;F vk;v/g;I toq;Fk; nghUl;fs; (Nrkpg;G> fld;>

fhg;gPL); kw;Wk;• thbf;ifahshpd; Nguopthy; ghjpf;fg;glj;jf;f jd;ikia ,g;nghUl;fis

gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; vt;tpjk; Fiwf;fyhk; vd;gjhFk;.


gbg;gyF 3: Jhpj eltbf;ifgpd;tUgit cl;gl> xU Nguoptpd;NghJk; mjw;F gpd;dUk; cldbahf vk;v/g;If;fs; vt;tpjk; nray;glf;$Lk; vd;gij ,e;j gbg;gyF tpsf;FfpwJ:

• NguopT epfOk;NghJ> xU vk;v/g;I Nrjq;fis kjpg;gpl Ntz;ba Kiwfs;> jdJ nray;ghLfis nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; epHzapj;J> Nguoptpw;Fg;gpd; Njitg;gLk; Gjpa nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfis mspj;jy;; kw;Wk;

• NguopthdJ vk;v/g;I> mjd; epHthfk; kw;Wk; gzpahsHfs; kPNj Vw;gLj;jf;$ba jhf;fk; kw;Wk; epiyahd Kiwapy; ,j;jhf;fq;fis mJ vt;thW vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ.


gbg;gyF 4: tho;f;if Mjhuj;ij kPl;likg;gjpy; rpWepjpapd; gq;F

tho;f;if Mjhuj;ij kPl;likg;gjpy; epjprhHe;j Nritfspd; gq;F kw;Wk; cz;ikahd tho;f;if Mjhu kPl;likg;G eltbf;iffSldhd mtw;wpd; njhlHG kw;Wk; ghpkhw;wk; Fwpj;J ,t;tyF tpsf;FfpwJ. gpd;tUk; tp\aq;fisAk; ,J cs;slf;fpajhFk;:

• khd;aq;fs; kw;Wk; fld;fs; ,uz;LNk ,Ug;gjw;fhd topKiwfs;; • rpWepjp kw;Wk; gzpf;F gzk; jpl;lq;fs;;• rpWFj;jif; kw;Wk;• ,liuf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> neUf;fbapypUe;J kPs;tjw;Fk; Nrkpg;G Kiw.


gbg;gyF 5: tho;f;if Mjhuj;ij kPl;likj;jy; NguopTfSf;Fg;gpd; nghUshjhu kPl;rp Fwpj;j Kf;fpa gpur;idfis> Fwpg;ghf tho;f;if Kiwia Nkk;gLj;jf;$ba nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; tphpthd nghUshjhu kPl;rp kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy epWtdk; rhHe;j epiyj;jjd;ik Kjypatw;wpd; kPjhd ,tw;wpd; jhf;fk; Mfpatw;iw ,t;tyF tpsf;FfpwJ.,g;gbg;gyF> NguopTf;Fg;gpd; tho;f;iff;fhd Mjhuq;fis mspg;gJ Fwpj;j tphpthd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf> rpWepjp Nritfis toq;Fk; epthuz kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L epWtdq;fSf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J> rpWepjpapy; kl;Lk; <Lgl;LtUk; vk;v/g;IfSf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;ljy;y.

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MwpKfk; rpWepjp kw;Wk; NguopT epHthfk;. SLIDE 2 OF 17 – INTRODUCTION Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; Gpd;tUgtw;iw Ghpe;J nfhs;tjhFk; :,aw;if NguopTfs; NguopT epHthfj;jpd;