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PRE-CRUSADES
Europe was largely isolated from Asian and African cultures after the fall of Rome The Fall of the Roman
Empire destroyed a government, economic, and society that had existed for 1000 years
Locked into ways of thinking by custom and the Church
Stagnant culture due to constant warfare and lack of stable government systems
THE CRUSADES
Series of wars between Christian kingdoms and the Islamic world between 1097 and the 1300s
First called by Pope Urban II
Led to back and forth control over the “Holy Land”
THE CRUSADES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=z-niTeTY7pw
View the video and think about whether or not the Crusades were an overall positive or negative for Europe and the Middle East.
LASTING LEGACY OF THE CRUSADES Cross culture interaction
From European perspective, wars were unsuccessful
BUT! Europe gained knowledge of Arab and Byzantine…
Medicine, Trade, Math, Architecture, Shipbuilding, Sailing, and Philosophy
New Goods, Old Knowledge Exposure to Muslim culture and goods spread
through Spain and Italy and to the rest of Europe Pasta, paper, colored glass, spices
Ancient philosophy is reintroduced to Europe Greek philosophical and scientific works change European
thought
LASTING LEGACY OF THE CRUSADES
Pre-Crusade philosophy that dominated European thought; focused upon knowledge in the fields of law, medicine, and religionFocused upon using logical reasoning to define the “truth”. Led to attempts to harmonize Christianity with ancient philosophy
Scholasticism
Post-Crusade philosophy that developed throughout the Renaissance; focused on literary and philosophical scholarship, being a well-rounded person, and on human achievementSpread through Italy as the rediscovery of Greek and Roman philosophy grew out of Christian and Islamic interactions during and after the Crusades
Humanism
INTERCONTINENTAL TRADE
Growth of Trade Italy’s Advantages
Trade empires grow from Northern Italian city-states
Venice, Florence, Genoa
Hanseatic League forms Baltic Sea trade
agreement between kingdoms in Northern Europe
Overland and overseas trade begins to return to the forefront of European society
DIFFUSION OF GOODS
Make a prediction about some negative consequences that can come about from major cities being connected like this during the Middle Ages…
THE PLAGUE STRIKES EUROPEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZBRdTSgjjI
THE PLAGUE
What caused the Black Death? The Oriental Rat Flea carried the disease
How did it spread?
THE PLAGUE
Cures? Medieval medicine did not understand
germs or disease and thought “bad humors” affected the body
Noticed some people healed after sores burst so….
Tried to draw poison out by placing a paste made of figs and cooked onions mixed with yeast and butter on the swelling then lancing it with a knife
Put live frogs’ belly on sores until the frog burst… and repeat"They died by the hundreds, both day and night, and all were
thrown in ... ditches and covered with earth. And as soon as those ditches were filled, more were dug. And I, Agnolo di Tura … buried my five children with my own hands … And so many died that all believed it was the end of the world.“ – Agnolo di Tura of Sienna, Italy
THE DOWNFALL OF FEUDALISM
PRE-CRUSADES POST-CRUSADES/PLAGUE
Kings – held control over the kingdom’s warring and taxation powers Lords – held control
over a manor and knights
Knights – held small parts of manor and fought for the Lord & King
Serfs – owned little and were bound to work the manor by Feudal law
Social hierarchy totally disrupted Lords and Knights died on
Crusade and by plague Serfs died in great
numbers by the plague
Result? Kings had less power,
money, food, workforce etc.
Society HAD to change to compensate for the losses
PRE VS. POST CRUSADES/PLAGUE SOCIAL STRUCTURE
PRE CRUSADES/PLAGUE POST CRUSADES/PLAGUE
King
Lords
Knights
Serfs
King
Lords
Knights
Serfs
FEUDALISM FELL… SO WHAT?
Feudalism was… A form of government An economic system A social structure
Sounds a lot like what Rome meant to Europe right? So, what’s going to replace it?
A) Another “dark age” where the European world gets worse B) A massive movement towards new ways of doing
business, conducting government, and gaining knowledge
YOUR OPINION School should focus solely upon
preparing you for your career path.
School should focus upon turning you into a well rounded individual and citizen.
THE SPREAD OF HUMANISM Spread through Italy as an elitist movement
Took hold in the 14th century as (ancient) Greek revivalist thought became popular
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Movement North and West Next spread to Germany, England, and Spain
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE 1350(ish) to 1500’s Began in Italian cities
Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, Venice
Educated merchants, bankers, and politicians lived there
Humanist Influence Humanists sought to
prepare soul for afterlife AND bring admiration for human achievement on earth
Created a drive to succeed
SPREAD OF BANKING
Grew with trade routes Organizations like the
Templar Knights set up banks in the Crusades
Became very important in Crusading and post-Crusading world…why?
Powerful banking families arose in Italy Played prominent role
in the Italian Renaissance
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Merchants & the Medici Wealthy merchant class
develops through trade Emphasis placed on
individual achievement Banking families arise in
Italian city-states The Medici rule Florence and
become patrons of the arts
Ancient Inspiration Artists and scholars study
ancient Greece and Rome Scholars move to Rome
after fall of Constantinople in 1453