[email protected] mutambwe1@gmail of... · Research project The interaction dynamics of fauna –flora and human in the Momba Bai, in Ogooué Ivindo province of Gabon. Case study

[email protected]

[email protected]

Tél: 00243 81 58 30 347

00243 97 39 54 115

Rép. Dém. du Congo

GABON

I. Identification card project

Research

project

The interaction dynamics of

fauna –flora and human in the

Momba Bai, in Ogooué Ivindo province of Gabon.

Case study Bai de Momba/Makokou

Collaboration

institutes

• ERAIFT/Université de

Kinshasa

• IRET Gabon

• Université des Sciences et

techniques de Masokou

• Université de Yaoundé 1

Scientific

collaborators

Democratic Republic of

Congo: • Professeur MUTAMBWE

Shango

Republic of Gabon: • Dr Okouyi Joseph

• Dr Mavoungou Jacques F.

Republic of Cameroon • Dr Lisette Kohangne

Tongue

(1/2)

I. projet

II. Context

III. Materials and methods of

work

IV. Presentation of Momba

Bai

V. Results

VI. Interspecific wildlife inside

the Bai

VII. Discussion and conclusion

GABON

I. Identification card project

Research

assistants

Republic of Gabon:

IRET/CENAREST

• Edwige Effa Eyang,

• Okouyi Clinchy

• Zinga Koumba Roland

Interns ERAIFT/Democratic Republic of

Congo:

• Zabiti Gabriel

Republic of Gabon

• Mindonga -Nguelet Fred

Loïque

• Mbang Nguema Ornella

French Republic • Paul Yannick BITOME

ESSONO

• Jonathan DUJOL

• Lygie INANGA NAMBO

• VANDEVOIR Hélène:

• Pauline SEVELIN RAGIGUET

(2/2)

I. Fiche d’identification du projet

II. Contexte

III. Matériel et méthodes du travail

IV. Présentation de Baï de momba

V. Résultats obtenus

VI. Relations interspécifiques de la

faune à l’intérieur du Baï

VII. Discussion et conclusion


GABON

Gabon has 13 national parks that reflect

the country’s diversity, include most of the

main eco-systems and protect many

wildlife species

These parks have not allowed the

tourism development or Eco-tourism

because of their « Wildlife reserve »

status not adapted for the development of

tourism activities.

The country contains dozens of

marshlands wealthed in biodiversity and

environment’s concentration of mammals

“phares” ("flagship”).

Dozens of sites (Langoué , Méko,

Wombo et autres ) -> hub for Eco-

tourism development and scientific

research opportunities

. dynamic’s study of wildlife- FLORA-human interactions in the marshland of momba


II. Contexte







GABON

II. Contexte

1. Site study :

Liaise with the

Fondation

Internationale Gabon

Ecotourisme

Authority, the locals

and the riparian’s

locals

Satellites’ images

research

2. Wildlife Research

Elephants

Census

Method of scan

sampling method

Data collection

(identification, age

estimation, input

and output)

(1/3)


II. Contexte







GABON


(2/3)

Census of others mamals Counting method of the manures,

traces, footprints, digs and trophies

Observation

Antelope Buffalo

frequencies • Observation


II. Contexte







GABON


(3/3)

3. Data Analysis

- . Confluence rate= number of traces/ transect ares;

- Frequency rate= number of species

observed/ number of total individual

X100.;

- Average daily observation= number

of species observed/ number of day observed

- Index of abundance mileage for each species observed

m

∑ N i-j J=1

IKAi ----------- ∑ lj J=1

Ni-,j = number of species i observed on the transect j m = number of transects


II. Contexte








(1/4)

1. Site location

Known from the villagers since the

immemorial time et to the public since

2006, the Momba bai

Situated at the heart of the Gabon’s

forest in the Haut -Ogoué province at + 500

of altitude

Covering approximitely 25 hectares

surrounded by a rich mosaic of clearings

raffia palm


II. Contexte







IV. Présentation de Baï de Momba

(2/4)

Divided by 3 parts: Salines 1 and 2

sperated by Raphia zone.

Each saline is endowed of a hole

2. Soil Flooded, muddy, dig, stirred,

remodelled by the elephants


II. Contexte








(3/4)

3. Vegetation:

strongly influenced by the trampling ->

consists in:

Central part of the grass growth

Adjacent rivulaire zone: settlement of

Raphia and rupicole foret (edge)

4. hydrography:

Bouniandajé -> . Water slightly charged

with sediments and full of tannins.

5. Fauna:

More than 71 bird species

More than 20 mammals


II. Contexte








(4/4)

6. Population:

The nearest village (Melondo, Truhaya,

Mahoka (30 à 40 Km) -> occupied by the

Kota and the FA.

Developed activities: agriculture, hunting,

fishing, gathering and a little farming villages

around and illegal activities (poaching, orpaillages)

7. Accessibility

By canoe from Makokou city (2 days

travelling+ 4 hours walking

By foot walk from Mahoka, Melondo ou Truhaya villages. (30 à 40 km).


II. Contexte







IV. Présentation de Baï de Momba

(1/8)

1. Inventory of the number of species at

lump level and their surrounding :

Twenty species whose 4 species emblematic

Families Species

BOVIDAE -Cephalophus dorsalis, C. monticola, C. nigrifrons, C. silvicultor - Tragelaphus spekei -Syncerus caffer nanus

ELEPHANTIDAE Loxodonta africana Cyclor

MUSTELIDAE Aonyx congicus

CERCOPITHECIDAE - Cercopithecus cephus, C. nictitans, C. pogonias - Lophocebus albigina

HOMINIDAE - Gorilla gorilla - Pan troglodytes

FELIDAE - Panthera pardus -Profelis aurata


II. Contexte







GABON


(2/8)

2. Attendance

Bai -> visited

Occasionally by the Syncerus caffer

nanus looking for food.

Frequently by Tragelaphus spekei ->

essentially for resting, feeding and

breeding .

regularly by Loxodonta africana Cyclor

-> 40% of time for mud pumping and

the rest for feeding.


II. Contexte








(3/8)

1°

mis

sio

n

du

21

/6 a

u 1

4/7

/ 1

1

2°

mis

sio

n

du

15

au

28

/8/1

1

3°

mis

sio

n

du

15

/9 a

u 4

/10

/11

4°m

issi

on

d

u 1

9/2

au

13

/2/1

2

Tota

l

Number of

elephants

observed

41 35 38 112 226

Number of

observed days

19 14 14 24 71

Frequentation

rate

18 15,5 16,8 49,6

Daily mean of

observation

2,2 2,5 2,7 4,7 3,2

Table: Frequentation rate and daily mean of

observation depends of the dry season and small

rainfall season


II. Contexte







GABON


(4/8)

3. Entry and exit timescales of the

animals in the bï

Loxodonta africana Cyclor: based on

61 observed elephants:

8 entries equivalent to 13,1 % ->

before 12 h0.

22 entries equivalent to 36 % ->

between 2 to 3 pm

20 arrivals equivalent to 32,7 %,

between 4 to 5 pm..

The species entering before 12am

stay 2 hours at the bay and the

species entering in the afternoon stay

at least 4 hours.

Tragelaphus spekei: presente from

morning to evening

- Syncerus caffer nanus: : visit

occasionally


II. Contexte








(5/8)

4. Attendance

around the bai

- Frequently seen:

Potamochoerus

porcus followed

Lophocebus albigea

- Regularly seen:: Cercopithecus cephus, C. pogonias

Loxoidonta africana - Occasionally: C.

nictitans, Colobus guereza

Series1

0

50

100

150

Series1


II. Contexte








(6/8)

5. Wildlife dynamic around the bai

The IKA demonstrates that

High presence of potamochères

(3 observations-> many species)

and all guenons.

Regular frequency as a whole of

céphalophes and elephants but

with less species per observation.


II. Contexte








(7/8)

6. Behavior in the bai

- Loxodonta africana Cyclor :

a fluid and dynamic social -> Fluid and

dynamic social system where the males and

females live in the seperated spheres but in

interaction.

Females-> small family groups with their

immature progénitures and the small group

males composed of average 2 species.

Inter-specific flights between bachelaor

males elephants and the female groups or

males.

Hunting and pursuits of the Sitatunga,

gorilla sand eagles


II. Contexte








Syncerus caffer nanus :

Frequent agonistic interaction (threats,

charges) between dominant male of

each group and bachelor.

Each advantage has not been

discerned between the different

antagonists.

Tragelaphus spekei::

Confrontations not very violent and

generally of short duration. (2 ou 3

minutes) between young males and adult

males.

Each advantage has not been

discerned between the different

antagonists.


II. Contexte







GABON


8/8



(1/2)

(2/2)

Momba is:

Frequently occupied by Tragelaphus spekei ->

essentially for resting, and breeding . and eat grasses

and amarantacées available throughout the year as

well as the undigested seeds -> feces of Loxodonta

africana

regularly frequented by L. africana 40% of time for

mud pumping and the rest for feeding. (fruits,

herbaceous ...).

occasionally by Syncerus caffer nanus ->

consumers Poaceae and Cyperaceae).

Each of the large animals involved

in the maintenance of bai (grazing and

trampling)

. This enrichment-> water fertilisation-> water

production

Presence of hematophagous flies : promotes

in a vector system, the pathogens exchanges

between the human, the wildlife and enviroment

. Bird presence: insect and fish consumption

Residents and tourist presence-> hunting, fishing and tourism.


II. Contexte







GABON



(1/3)

Momba

Real active bay of elephant

demonstrating: large soil proportion

bare, large boulevards and a clear

demarcation between the forest and

the vegetation herbaceous of the

bai.

Concentration area of the big

emblematic mammals (Loxodonta

africana cyclotis, Syncerus caffer

nanus, Tragelaphus spekei).

This attractiveness: Presence of

natural ressources and uncommonly

of marantacées, des herbacées et

des Zingibéracées researched in the

wildlife.


II. Contexte








(2/3)

-Visits

. In certain bays, S. caffer nanus, T.

spekei, permanently resident during the

day.-> at Momba the first -> visitor

occasionally and the second->permanent

resident

- Elephants visit regularly this bay.

Observaion average rate per day (2,2, à

4,7 species/day): rate slightly superior of

the Maya North bay


II. Contexte








- At the Surrending bai

The presence of potamochère, of many

species of cercopithèques and

céphalophes

Number of elephants is inferior of the

number of potamochères ,

cercopithèques and céphalophes

- Presence of these animals

a Mecca of nature where the pilgrims

will hasten the four cardinal points of the

globe to come to ensure that there is still

such treasures on the planet

The potential Scientific research

opportunities-> questionned on the this

origin, the operation’s dynamic ,this

evolution and this importance for the bio-

diversity conservation.

(3/3)


II. Contexte







GABON


[email protected]

[email protected]

Tél: 00243 81 58 30 347

00243 97 39 54 115

Rép. Dém. du Congo

Documents

[email protected] mutambwe1@gmail of... · Research project The interaction dynamics of fauna –flora and human in the Momba Bai, in Ogooué Ivindo province of Gabon. Case study