MUSTANG_D021_Templates Test Sites Data

MUSTANG

A MUltiple Space and Time scale Approach for the quaNtification of deep saline formations for CO2 storaGe

Project Number:227286

Work-Package: WP02

WP title Site characterization

Deliverable D021

Templates for the characterization of the test sites

March 2010

MUSTANG

A MUltiple Space and Time scale Approach for the quaNtification of deep saline formations for CO2 storaGe

Project Number:227286

Work-Package: WP02

WP Title Site characterization

Deliverable D021

Templates for the characterization of the test sites

Status FINAL Version 1.4 Review level WP Date of delivery March 26th2010 Leading participant SGU Contributing participants SGU

UU GII UB

CSIC LIAG UGOE EWRE

Dissemination Level

PU Public X RE Restricted to the consortium members, the SIRAB, the end-users and the

EU officers

CO Confidential (only the consortium and the EU officers)

Deliverable number D021 Deliverable name Template for the site characterization Work-package WP02 Lead participant SGU Version Submitted by Review

level Submitted Reviewed

1.1 SGU WP 4 February 2010 12 February 2010 1.2 SGU UU 12 February 2010 18 February 2010 1.3 UU/SGU WP 1 March 2010 15 March 2010

Authors Name Participant email

Mikael Erlström SGU [email protected] Auli Niemi UU [email protected] Fritjof Fagerlund UU [email protected]

Contributors Vladimir Shtivelman GII [email protected] Daniel Scradeanu UB [email protected] Orlando Silva, Viktor Vilarrasa CSIC [email protected] Manfred Wuttke LIAG manfred.wuttke@liag-

hannover.de Martin Sauter UGOE [email protected] Jacob Bensabat EWRE [email protected]

Executive summary This report presents a set of templates for a systematic organization and presentation of the site-specific data from the MUSTANG test sites. The objective is to provide a common framework for data compilation, thereby making the data from the different test sites, as well as the subsequent site models and their model outputs comparable.

The templates sum up the essential data required for the geological, geohydrological, geochemical and to some extent, the geomechanical models for the simulation of CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers. In addition to properties and parameters related to a general description of a site and its geological setting, the templates focus on parameters specific to the processes taking place during CO2 injection and storage.

The first template (Table 1) gives an overview of the site characteristics and investigations performed, as well as summarizing the information needed for the geometrical/ structural model. The data to be gathered to this template consists of short descriptive texts as well as geological maps, lithologies and cross-sections.

The second template (Table 2) summarizes the information concerning the investigation wells from which data is available, while the third and fourth templates (Tables 3 and 4) summarize the actual data from these investigation wells. Table 3 summarizes the physical properties, formation fluids and gases, as well as mineralogy and rock chemistry information for the reservoir units, while Table 4 presents this information for the caprock units. Finally, the last set of templates (Tables 5 and 6) are intended to present a summary of the available data per reservoir/caprock unit to be used as basis for model parameter estimation. These last sets of templates are intended to be further refined parallel to the model parameter estimation process. Used abbreviations and acronyms are explained in table 7. Keywords Template, site characterization, well data, reservoir parameters, caprock

parameters

Table of contents

1 Objective 1

2 Generic framework for data organization 1 2.1 Essential information for the geometrical and structural model 1 2.2 Essential information for the hydrogeological, geochemical and hydrogeomechanical models 2

3 Description of the templates 2

3.1 Use of the templates 3

4 Data format and compilation of common data base 6

List of Figures

Figure 1 Definitions of reservoir and caprock

units and effective thickness

Figure 2 Illustration of different petrographical components in a reservoir rock type

List of tables (templates)

Table 1

Site information Site data, investigations

and geological setting

Table 2 Well information Pertinent well data

Table 3.1

Reservoir properties Physical parameters

Table 3.2

Reservoir properties Formations fluids and gases

Table 3.3

Reservoir properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry

Table 4.1

Caprock properties Physical parameters

Table 4.2

Caprock properties Formations fluids and gases

Table 4.3

Caprock properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry

Table 5.1

Summary of properties for reservoir units

Table 6.1 Summary of properties for caprock units

Table 7

Explanations of acronyms and abbreviations

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 1

1. Objective

The objective of the work package Test Sites (WP02) is to gather the available data from the different MUSTANG test sites, i.e. South Scania (Sweden), Horstberg (Germany), Valcele (Romania), Heletz (Israel) and Hontomín (Spain) and to prepare this data as input for the site-specific simulation models. The modeling will address the characteristics of these sites in terms of their suitability for CO2 geological storage. The overall objective is two-fold: Firstly, to get an understanding of the behaviour of these particular sites in terms of CO2 geological storage and secondly, to get an overview of what type of data characteristics can be encountered in potential CO2 storage sites in general. In order to achieve these goals, it is important that a common approach is used in organizing the data and in interpreting it into model parameters. Therefore, a generic framework of data compilation has been established, which comprehensively describes the essential information needed for the modelling to be carried out within the project. This report presents the set of templates (Tables) designed to summarize the information needed for the geological (geometric/structural), hydrogeological, geochemical, and to some extent hydrogeomechanical, models of the sites. The objective of the templates is to make the data from the different sites comparable. In the following Chapters an overview of the contents of the data needs is first given, followed by the instructions for the use of the templates. In practice, the tables will be filled either in tables enclosed to this report, or preferably, into similar excel tables available on the MUSTANG intranet (www.co2mustang.eu).

2. Generic framework for data organization

2.1 Essential information for the geometrical and structural model

The geometrical/structural model defines the main geological features of the sites and forms the basis for the subsequent hydro-mechanical-chemical simulation models. The essential input information for this model are

• A basemap of the site including existing boreholes and geophysical ground

measurements (mainly seismics) and geological surface information • Structure and depth data (seismic profiles, depth sections, faults, trapping

structures) • Pertinent data of existing boreholes (co-ordinates, depth, deviation, well

operations, geophysical logs, analyses, testing etc.) • Stratigraphical information (chrono- and lithostrigraphy) • Reservoir definition including lithological descriptions, geometry, dimensions

and anisotropy • Caprock definition including lithological descriptions, geometry, dimensions

and anisotropy

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 2

A geologically-based understanding and description of the characteristics of the heterogeneity should also be incorporated, such as understanding of possible stochastic, as opposed to deterministic features in the heterogeneity.

2.2 Essential information for the hydrogeological, geochemical and hydrogeomechanical models

Modeling CO2 injection and storage involves a set of complex thermo-hydro-mechanical–chemical processes that interact in a coupled manner (see e.g. MUSTANG deliverable D051). The level of sophistication as of how the different processes, including their coupled interactions (such as hydro-mechanical coupling and hydro-mechanical-chemical coupling) are taken into account, vary between the different models. Subsequently, the detailed parameter needs will vary as well. Regardless of the model, essential information needed to model the multiphase flow and transport and its dependence and interactions with temperature and stress field, the relevant interphase mass transfer processes as well as the chemical interactions include

• Temperature and pressure profiles in existing boreholes. • Permeability measurements on cores (kh/kv). Relative permeability for gas

and water (CO2 and brine) of relevant rock types • Porosity measurements on cores • Formation fluids and gases (chemical composition and physical-chemical

characteristics) • Petrology and chemical composition of involved rock types • Physical properties of involved rock types (such as rock compressibility and

density) • Thermal properties such as the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity,

and radiogenic heat generation rate • Chemical effects on involved rock types • Formation pressure • Formation threshold pressure (leak off test, formation integrity test) • Capillary threshold pressure for the seal rock types • Hydrotest data; transmissivity (T) and permeability (k), influence radius • Hydraulic boundaries and boundary conditions (confined/unconfined

conditions) • Conservative and reactive tracer tests (e.g., push-pull or SWIW tests to

characterize processes that may occur at different scales, porosity structure etc.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 3

3 Description of the templates There are six different sets of templates which will summarize the following information

General site characteristics (Table 1) Well information (Table 2) Reservoir and caprock properties presented by the individual wells where

data is obtained (Tables 3 and 4) Reservoir and caprock properties presented by formation units

comprising information from several wells and other sources (Tables 5 and 6)

The first Table focuses on general site information and gives a condensed descriptive part with background information concerning range of existing data, performed investigations and geological setting. The objective of this template is to generate information that is required for the compilation of the structural and geometrical model of a site. Essential information includes various maps, cross sections and a 3D model of each site. These are to be presented in a digital format which can be exported to the modelling tools used in WP7 and 8.

Well data is essential for the properties needed for the physico-chemical modeling of CO2 geological injection and storage. Therefore the subsequent templates (Tables 2 to 4) present the data per individual investigation wells. This information is split into three different templates. One (Table 2) compiles the pertinent information concerning the investigation wells, including information on location, elevation, depth, completion, logging and coring. The second one (Table 3) focuses on the essential CO2 related properties of the target reservoir/-s and the third template (Table 4) on the essential properties of the caprock/-s.

The last two templates (Tables 5 and 6) present a summary of the available data per reservoir/caprock unit, to be used as basis for model parameter estimation.

3.1 Use of the templates

The subsequent work within the WP02 will include compilation of existing site data with the help of the enclosed templates. The templates will serve as guidance to what type of information needs to be gathered. For some of the sites the compilation process may leave significant data gaps into the templates, which then need to be considered and addressed in the subsequent modelling work. A description of the use of the templates is given below.

Table 1 Site information The first template summarizes information essential for the construction of the geometric/structural model. It will also act as guidance to the understanding of the scope and range of parameters given in the subsequent Tables.

The data to be given here is a combination of short descriptive texts together with various geological maps, lithologs and cross-sections. A set of necessary deliverables is listed which are the minimum requirement for characterizing the site and need to be enclosed to Table 1.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 4

It is not obvious how some of the parameters should be determined. For the results between different sites to become comparable, these are therefore explained below.

Figure 1 gives a schematic illustration and explains the unit definitions of caprocks and reservoirs, as well as the meaning of the effective thickness concept. The second Table summarizes the relevant information concerning the investigation wells. The aim is to gather data concerning elevation, location and status of the wells in each site, as well as the amount of performed investigations and the range of available data, especially from logs and cores.

Table 3.1 Reservoir parameters – physical properties This table summarizes the most important physical properties related to the reservoir that are to be used as input data in the physical/hydrogeological modeling work in conjunction with evaluating the reservoir concerning CO2 storage.

The template is merely based on well information. If there is more than one well with information, each well has to be filled in separately.

Table 3.2 Reservoir parameters – formation fluids and gases The template is used to gather information of the chemical composition of the formation fluids and gases. The composition of the list may vary between sites depending on the scope of parameters and components analyzed. Table 3.2 can, thus be altered according to the site specific available data.

Table 3.3 Reservoir parameters – mineralogy and rock chemistry Table 3.3 is intended to be used as assistance in gathering important data that is to be used in modeling the chemical processes in the formation with models with reactive hydrogeochemical models such as the LBNL model TOUGHREACT.

The first part of the table summarizes the petrographical data on the reservoir rock type (for example see figure 2). These data are most commonly retrieved from microscopy on thin sections of rock samples (cuttings and/or cores). The basic information given is the mineralogy of the detrital components such as quartz, feldspars, mica etc. The relative amounts are obtained from traditional point counting techniques.

There are also important petrographical information given that include type of cement, matrix, roundness, sorting, fabric and grain-size. These parameters are important in definition of the texture of the reservoir rock.

In the table there is also a part which deals with the chemical composition of the rock. Again this list of included elements can differ significantly between sites depending on which analytical method that has been used.

In combination these two data sets yields the best basis for modeling the reactivity in the formation with respect to CO2 storage.

Tables 4.1 – 4.3 Caprock parameters These tables are constructed similar to the corresponding tables for the reservoir (tables 3.1-3.3). There are only some minor changes regarding the physical parameters given, i.e. capillary threshold pressure.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 5

Tables 5.1 – 5.3 Summary of properties for reservoir units These tables present a summary of the available data per reservoir unit, to be used as basis for subsequent model parameter estimation. The values given here could be either single values (if only one value exist) or ranges of values (if a number of values exist). An estimate should also be given what type of model best describes the data if a number of data points exists (for example; deterministic assignment of parameters values to points of observations with interpolation in between, model with spatial trend, stochastic model described by or mean of a probability density function, mean value of the observed values). This step should involve communication between the person organizing the field data and the person doing the subsequent modeling. Here comes also a written description of issues that cannot be readily incorporated into the table.

In particular a description of geological heterogeneity (i) within the layer and (ii) possible uncertainty concerning the extent of the layer at different levels is present. An example of table 5.1 dealing with the basic physical and chemical properties is given. Similar tables are to be set up for the formation fluids, gases and mineralogy in the reservoir.

Table 6.1 – 6.3 Summary of properties for caprock units Tables 6.1-6.3 have the same outline as tables 5.1- 5.3, but are related to caprock units. Here the written description should address estimates of caprock fracturing, in particular if no measurements related to this exist.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 6

4 Data format and compilation of common data base

The amount and type of data available from the different test sites will vary and subsequently, the Tables can be expected to be filled in variable degrees. The common platform should, however, provide comparability and transparency into the process. Each Partner responsible to the data collection for a specific site will gather the appropriate data into the Tables. The templates will be available as Microsoft Excel tables on MUSTANG intranet. This filled in Excel tables from each site will thereafter be compiled into a common project data base where, especially the numerical data, could be retrievable for different modeling purposes. The common data base will be set up by the coordinator, with input from the WP2 partners. The compiled cross sections and 3D models should be performed in software that can generate exportable grid formats, compatible with the subsequent modeling software. The type of software to be used can be decided separately for each specific site.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 7

Figure 1. Definitions of reservoir and caprock units and effective thickness

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 8

Figure 2. Illustration of different petrographical components in a reservoir rock type.

MUSTANG - 227286 P a g e | 9

Table 7. Acronyms and abbreviations used in tables 1-6.

Abbrevation Explanation n.d. No data m sl. Mean sea levelGL Ground level RT Rotary table on drill rigMD Measured depthTVD True vertical depthTDS Total dissolved solidsSDWC Side wall coringGR Gamma ray SP Self potential LLD‐LLS Lateral resistivity log deep (LLD) and shallow (LLS)BHC Borehole compensated sonic logNPHI Neutron porosity logRHOB Bulk density (corrected)

LWD Logging while drillingATR‐PSR ATR. Attenuation Resistivity (deep; ohmm). PSR. Phase Shift

Resistivity (shallow; ohmm). CCL Casing collar locatorRange Give the range of values (min, max)nm Number of measurementsnw Number of wells (from which the measurements are taken) Model The most suitable model for approximating the data for

parameter estimation purposes (1) Scale Scale of measurement, e.g. length of test interval or size of a

core sample

(1) Use the following abbreviations

Single= single value

DetInt= deterministic assignment of values to points of observations with interpolation in between Mean= mean of the observed values Trend= model with spatial trend Pdf= stochastic model described by a probability density function PdfCond= stochastic model described by a probability density function + conditioning to observation point data Other = other than any above

Table 1 Site information

Site data, investigations and geological setting

Mustang/WP2/23March 2010

Site Location Longitude/Latitude Geological domain No. of wells Dominant reservoir lithology Reservoir stratigraphy Reservoir depth range, m No. of target reservoir intervals (R1–Rx) Average target reservoir thickness (R1–Rx) Average total reservoir thickness Average total effective reservoir thickness Effective porosity range, %, (R1–Rx) Gas permeability range, mD, (R1–Rx) Main caprock lithology (C1) Caprock integrity and anisotropy (C1) Caprock stratigraphy Main caprock thickness (C1), m No. of intermediate caprock intervals (C2–Cx) Intermediate caprock lithologies (C2–Cx) Intermediate caprock thicknesses (C2–Cx), m

Performed investigations and data base Here comes text describing the scope of work and performed investigations regarding the structural, physical, hydraulic and chemical properties from wells, seismics, wire line logging, coring, sampling, analyses, flow tests, injections tests etc.

Necessary deliverables as appendices are: site map with locations of wells , seismic lines and cross sections well data (cf. template in table 2) parameter data of reservoir/‐s and caprock/‐s (cf. templates in tables 3.1‐3.3 and 4.1‐4.3)

Geological setting

Here comes text describing the structural configuration (faults, traps, bedding etc), main lithology of reservoir/‐s and caprock/‐s, boundary conditions of the reservoir/‐s,degree of anisotropy (bedding, layering) and extension of the reservoir/‐s and caprock/‐s.

Necessary deliverables as appendices are: type section from reference well/‐s minimum two cross‐sections isometric maps of reservoir and caprock units isometric thickness map of the caprock and reservoir units 3D model in metres including caprock and reservoir units

Table 2 Well information

Pertinent well data

Mustang/WP2/22 March 2010

Site

Well

Longitude

Latitude

Elevation, GL, m sl

Elevation RT, m sl

Total depth, TVD m sl

Total depth MD, m sl

Status

Bit size Depth, MD m sl Depth, MD m sl Depth, MD m sl Depth, MD m sl

from to from to from to from to

Casing from to from to from to from to

Coring, size, type from to from to from to from to

Wire line logging from to from to from to from to

*Explanations to used acronyms and abbreviations are given in Table 7.

Table 3.1 Reservoir properties Physical parameters


Site

Well Reservoir unit (R1‐Rx) Top, reservoir m sl.

Base, reservoir m sl.

Thickness, m

Effective thickness, m

Effective porosity, % (no. of meas.)

Total porosity, %

Permeability, (kv), mD, (no. of meas.)

Permeability, (kh), mD, (no. of meas.)

Estimated permeability, mD

Anisotropy kh/kv

Permeability, mD, flow test

Residual water saturation, %

Residual gas/oil saturation, %

Rock grain density, g/dm3 (no. of meas.)

Temperature, °C

Thermal conductivity, W/m/K

Compressive strength, MPa

Stress field orientation, SH

Formation pressure, Bar

Capillary pressure, MPa

Pore compressibility, MPa

Table 3.2 Reservoir properties Formation fluids and gases


Site Comments Well

Reservoir unit (R1‐Rx) Formation fluids

Sample depth, MD m sl

pH

Electrical conductivity, �S/cm

Resistivity, Ωm

Density, g/cm3

TDS, g/l

Alkalinity, mmol/l

Chloride, Cl, mg/l

Calcium, Ca, mg/l

Potassium, K, mg/l

Sodium, Na, mg/l

Iron tot, Fe, mg/l

Strontium, Sr, mg/l

Lithium, Li, mg/l

Magnesium, Mg, mg/l

Manganese, Mn, mg/l

Ammonia, NH4, mg/l

Barium, Ba, mg/l

Bromide, Br, mg/l

Iodide, I, mg/l

Sulphate, SO4, mg/l

Hydrogen carbonate, HCO3,mg/l

Bor, B, mg/l

Silicium, Si, mg/l

Organic acids, mg/l

Formation gases


Nm3(gas)/Nm3 (fluid)

O2

N2, vol.‐%

CO2 , vol.‐%

H2, vol.‐%

He, vpm

CH4, vpm

C2H6, vpm

C3H8, vpm

C4H10, vpm

Table 3.3 Reservoir properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry


Site Comments Well

Reservoir unit (R1-Rx)

Mineralogy

Quartz, %

Feldspars, %

Iron minerals, %

Mica, %

Heavy minerals, %

Carbonates, %

Glaucony, %

Rockfragments, %

Others (specify, %)

Matrix, %

Pores, %

Cement, %

Matrix components

Cement components

Roundness

Sorting

Fabric

Average grain size

Whole rock chemical analysis

SiO2, %

Al2O3, %

Fe2O3, %

CaO, %

MgO, %

Na2O, %

K2O, %

TiO2, %

MnO, %

P2O5, %

SrO, %

BaO, %

LOI, %

Total, %

Aluminium, Al, ppm

Arsenic, As, ppm

Barium, Ba, ppm

Beryllium, Be, ppm

Calcium, Ca, ppm

Table 3.3 Reservoir properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry


Cadmium, Cd, ppm

Cobalt, Co, ppm

Chromium, Cr, ppm

Caesium, Cs, ppm

Copper, Cu, ppm

Iron, Fe, %

Manganese, Mn, ppm

Molybdenum, Mo, ppm

Sodium, Na, %

Nickel, Ni, ppm

Phosphorus, P, ppm

Sulfur, S, ppm

Tin, Sn, ppm

Strontium, Sr, ppm

Thorium, Th, ppm

Titanium, Ti, ppm

Uranium, U, ppm

Vanadine, V, ppm

Zinc, Zn, ppm

Table 4.1 Caprock properties Physical parameters


Site Well Latitude/Longitude

Caprock (C1‐Cx)

Top, caprock m sl.

Base, reservoir m sl.

Thickness, m

Effective porosity, % (no. of meas.)

Total porosity, %

Permeability, (kv), mD, (no. of meas.)

Permeability, (kh), mD, (no. of meas.)

Estimated permeability, mD

Anisotropy kh/kv



Rock grain density, g/dm3

(no. of meas.)

Temperature, °C






Pore compressibility, MPa

Capillary threshold pressure, MPa

Entry pressure Retention curves for water, brine and CO2

Relative permeability curves

Table 4.2 Caprock properties Formation fluids and gases


Site

Comments Well

Caprock unit (C1‐Cx) Formation fluids


pH

Electrical conductivity, μS/cm

Resistivity, Ωm

Density, g/cm3

TDS, g/l

Alkalinity mmol/l

Chloride, Cl, mg/l

Calcium, Ca, mg/l

Potassium, K, mg/l

Sodium, Na, mg/l

Iron tot, Fe, mg/l

Strontium, Sr, mg/l

Lithium, Li, mg/l

Magnesium, Mg, mg/l

Manganese, Mn, mg/l

Ammonia, NH4, mg/l

Barium, Ba, mg/l

Bromide, Br, mg/l

Iodide, I, mg/l

Sulphate, SO4, mg/l

Hydrogen carbonate, HCO3, mg/l

Bor, B, mg/l

Silicium, Si, mg/l

Organic acids, mg/l

Formation gases


Nm3(gas)/Nm3 (fluid)

O2

N2, vol.‐%

CO2 , vol.‐%

H2, vol.‐%

He, vpm

CH4, vpm

C2H6, vpm

C3H8, vpm

C4H10, vpm

Table 4.3 Caprock properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry


Site

Comments Well

Caprock unit (C1‐Cx) Mineralogy

Quartz, %

Feldspars, %

Iron minerals, %

Mica, %

Carbonates, %

Heavy minerals, %

Clay and mud, %

Pores, %

Others, specify, %

Whole rock chemical analysis

SiO2, %

Al2O3, %

Fe2O3, %

CaO, %

MgO, %

Na2O, %

K2O, %

TiO2, %

MnO, %

P2O5, %

SrO, %

BaO, %

LOI, %

Total, %

Aluminium, Al, ppm

Arsenic, As, ppm

Barium, ba, ppm

Beryllium, Be, ppm

Calcium, Ca, ppm

Cadmium, Cd, ppm

Cobalt, Co, ppm

Chromium, Cr, ppm

Caesium, Cs, ppm

Copper, Cu, ppm

Iron, Fe, %

Manganese, Mn, ppm

Table 4.3 Caprock properties Mineralogy and rock chemistry


Molybdenum, Mo, ppm

Sodium, Na, %

Nickel, Ni, ppm

Phosphorus, P, ppm

Sulfur, S, ppm

Tin, Sn, ppm

Strontium, Sr, ppm

Thorium, Th, ppm

Titanium, Ti, ppm

Uranium, U, ppm

Vanadine, V, ppm

Zinc, Zn, ppm

Table 5.1 Summary of properties for reservoir units

Reservoir physical properties and initial conditions. Basic chemical properties


Site Site Name, Country Method of measurement Reservoir unit R1 (* Range nm nw Model Scale (m)

Reservoir dimensions

Top of reservoir, m sl.

Base of reservoir, m sl.

Thickness, m

Effective thickness, m

Reservoir properties

Effective porosity, %

Total porosity, %

Permeability, method 1, mD,


Anisotropy kh/kv

Parameters for relative permeability and capillary pressure functions (e.g. α, m, n)







Pore compressibility with respect to pressure, 1/MPa

Pore compressibility with respect to temperature, 1/°C

Initial conditions

Temperature, °C


Aqueous salt concentration

Aqueous CO2 concentration

Gas saturation, if present

Oil saturation, if present


Comments on heterogeneity etc. ‐ Reservoir Unit R1 (* Here comes an written description of issues that cannot be readily incorporated into the table. In particular a description of geological heterogeneity (i) within the layer and (ii) possible uncertainty concerning the extent of the layer at different levels is present

(* Similar Tables should be filled for all reservoir units of interest in the formation

Table 6.1 Summary of properties for caprock units

Caprock physical properties and initial conditions. Basic chemical properties


Site Site Name, Country Method of measurement Caprock unit C1 (* Range nm nw Model Scale (m)

Caprock dimensions

Top of caprock, m sl.

Base of caprock, m sl.

Thickness, m

Caprock properties

Effective porosity, %

Total porosity, %



Anisotropy kh/kv

Parameters for relative permeability and capillary pressure functions (e.g. α, m, n)







Pore compressibility with respect to pressure, 1/MPa

Pore compressibility with respect to temperature, 1/°C

Initial conditions

Temperature, °C


Aqueous salt concentration

Aqueous CO2 concentration

Gas saturation, if present

Oil saturation, if present


Comments on heterogeneity etc. ‐ Caprock unit C1 (* Here comes an oral description of issues that cannot be readily incorporated into the table. In particular a description of geological heterogeneity and fracturing. Heterogeneity (i) within the caprock and (ii) in the thickness of it. Estimates of fracturing and fracture intensity.

(* Similar Tables are to be filled for all caprock units

Documents

MUSTANG_D021_Templates Test Sites Data