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BILL CARLSON
MUSIC INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING
DR. CHUAN
U.N.F. SPRING 2011
Music Theory in a Minute
Musical ABCs
Notes are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet.
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C,etc..
Each note is referred to as a Pitch.
Going from one C through all of the notes to the next C is an Octave. (i.e. C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C)
All the notes contained between are in the same register.
All musical instruments can produce pitches
The Piano Keyboard
The Guitar Neck
Notes are separated by Whole Steps and Half Steps
All natural notes are a Whole Step apart except E-F and B-C
White keys are Natural Notes, not sharp or flat. (i.e. C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C)
Black keys are Accidental Notes (sharp/flat)
Each fret of the guitar is a Half Step
Enharmonic Notes share the same position (i.e. A#/Bb)
The Grand Staff
The Grand Staff contains two clefs: Bass Clef and Treble Clef
Each Ledger Line represents a Pitch.
Ledger Lines can be added above or below either staff to continue the notes
The Major Scale
The Major Scale is the foundation of Western MusicThe Major Scale Step Pattern is (W,W,H,W,W,W,H)Each Pitch can be made into a Major ScaleEach note must be represented in the scale There can not be doubles (i.e. A, A#)Major Scales are organized into Circles of 4ths and 5ths
Intervals
Each pitch in the Major Scale has a name
An Interval is Perfect if the Root Note and the Interval are both in the scale of each note
C-F is a Perfect 4th in the C Scale, F-C is a Perfect 5th in the F Scale
C-G is a Perfect 5th in the C Scale, G-C is a Perfect 4th in the G Scale
Circle of 4ths and 5ths
Circle of 5ths deals with Sharps
Start on C and move to G the 5th
Fat,Cats,Go,Down,And,
Eat,Birds
Circle of 4ths deals with Flats
Start on C and move to F the 4th
BEAD Goats Can Fly
Note Values
Counting Notes
Counting and Time Signatures
A Time Signature is placed at the beginning of every musical piece
The Top Value tells how many beats per measure
The Bottom Value what type of note recieves one beat
4/4 Traditional Straight Beat
3/4 Ballad
6/8 Waltz
Triads/Basic Chords
Consist of a Root Note and two Intervals, each a 3rd apart
Major: Root, Maj 3rd, Min 3rd (Major 3rd is 2 steps, Minor 3rd is 1.5 steps)
Minor: Root, Min 3rd, Maj 3rd
Diminished: Root, Min 3rd, Min 3rd
Augmented: Root, Maj 3r, Maj 3rd
Relative Minor Scale
Every Major Scale has a Relative Minor Scale
It is the based on the Major 6th
The Relative Minor will have the exact same notes/key as the Major Scale
The Major Scale can be turned into the Parallel Minor flatting
the 3rd, 6th & 7th pitches
The Major and Relative Minor Scales are interchangeable
but the Major and Parallel ARE NOT!!
Diatonic Triads
Every tone in the Major Scale makes a Triad or Chord
I, IV, V are always MAJOR
ii, iii, vi are always MINOR
vii is half-diminished
The chords are the same in the
relative minor as the major,
the order is changed
7th Chords
7th Chords are extensions of Triads
The 7th pitch from the Root is added to the triad
The 7th is in the same scale as the I chord