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MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIOD 1600 - 1750

MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

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Page 1: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

MUSIC OF THE

BAROQUE PERIOD1600 - 1750

Page 2: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

How to use this presentation

• Read through all the information on each page.

• When you see the loudspeaker icon click on it to hear a musical example of the concept described in the slide. Make sure you listen to the entire example.

• Move between pages by clicking the arrows on the bottom left of each page. Do not click the ‘Return toBaroque Features’ links until you have gone through the whole presentation.

• Towards the end of the presentation you will find a chart with shortcuts to each of the topics covered. Once revised follow the link at the bottom of the last page of the section to return to the chart.

• If you have Internet access you will be able to use the page at the end of the presentation which has hyperlinks to various useful websites that will help with your study of this and other topics…..Use them!

Page 3: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

The word Baroque was first used to describe the

highly decorative and often grand style of architecture

and art of the 17th century. Musicians borrowed the

word, and used it to describe the musical styles of the

period spanning 150 years, from the birth of oratorio

and opera to the death of J. S. Bach.

Example of Baroque

Architecture

Page 4: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Composers of the Baroque

Period

Although there were various many composers

around at this time the two who are

considered to be of most importance are J.S.

Bach and G. F. Handel

J.S. Bach G. F. Handel

Page 5: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Johann Sebastian Bach

• Born in 1685 – youngest child

of a professional musician.

• Composed over 200 Cantatas

• 3 Passions, Mass in B Minor

• Organ music

• The Well Tempered Clavier

(The ’48’)

• English and French Suites,

• Brandenburg Concertos

• Chamber music.

Baroque Pipe Organ Console

Page 6: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

George Frederick Handel

• Born in 1685 in Halle, Saxony in Germany.

• Wrote many operas –‘Rinaldo’, ‘Scipio’ and ‘Julius Caesar.’

• Wrote 19 Oratorios –

‘Messiah’, ‘Israel In Egypt.’

• Orchestral Music – ‘The Water Music’ & The Fireworks Music.’

• Concerti Grossi;

• Organ Concertos

• Harpsichord Music

Harpsichord

Page 7: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Other composers of the

Baroque period

• Gluck (1714 – 1787)

• Scarlatti (1685 – 1725)

• Purcell (1658 – 1695)

• Corelli (1653 – 1713)

Return to Baroque Features Chart

Page 8: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Music for OrchestraIt was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

began to take shape. Here are some typical features of the Baroque orchestra.

• A firm basis of strings to which composers would add other instruments: one or two flutes (or recorders),

oboes, bassoons, perhaps horns, occasionally trumpets and timpani.

• The sound of the organ or harpsichord continuo – a bass line in which the player was expected to fill in the harmonies. Sometimes figures were written under the bass line indicating the chords the composer would like

played. This was called figured bass.

• Effects of contrast, especially of dynamics and timbres.

Example of a Baroque orchestra

Page 9: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

The Baroque Orchestra

Return to Baroque Features Chart

Page 10: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Instrumental MusicThe Concerto

One of the most important instrumental forms used by Baroque composers is the concerto. There are two main types, each based upon the idea of contrast.

• The Concerto Grosso – contrasting a small group of Solo instruments, called the Concertino, against a String orchestra called the Ripieno.

• The Solo Concerto – featuring a single soloist (often given difficult passages to Play) against a string orchestra.

Example of a Baroque concerto Example of a Concerto Grosso

Return to Baroque Features Chart

Page 11: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Ritornello Form

• Ritornello literally means ‘a little return’. It is a term that was used in the 17th century for a brief introduction or interlude in a vocal composition, or for a brief instrumental passage between the scenes of a 17th century opera. In a concerto grosso the Ritornello is the main theme played by the ripieno group (the orchestra) and sometimes by the concertino (the soloists). The Ritornello may return frequently throughout the movement, similar to a rondo.

Example of a Ritornello

Return to Baroque Features Chart

Page 12: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Fugue

• A contrapuntal piece based on a theme

(subject) announced in one voice part

alone, then imitated by other voices in

close succession.

Elements Found Within the Fugue

The Fugue is a complicated musical form and as such

has various sections within it. These sections include the

Exposition, Subject, Tonal Answer, Real Answer,

Tonal Sequence, Countersubject, Episode, and

Stretto.

Example of a Organ Fugue by J.S.Bach

Page 13: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Ornaments Of The Baroque Era

During the Baroque period it became popular for composers to use

Ornaments to decorate their melodies. Ornaments are often short and add melodic and rhythmic interest to the

composer’s melodies. The Ornamentsused at this time include the

Acciaccatura, the Appoggiatura, the Turn and the Mordent.

Goldberg Variations - Aria

Page 14: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Acciaccatura

• The Acciaccatura is an ornament

which sounds like a crushed note

played very quickly on the beat or just

before it. Written Played

Example of ‘Acciaccatura’

Page 15: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Appoggiatura

• The Appoggiatura is an ornament

which sounds like a leaning note. It

takes half the value of the main note

which follows it or two-thirds if the

main note is dotted.Written Played

Example of ‘Appoggiatura’

Page 16: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

Turn

• The Turn is an ornament which has

four notes which turn around the main

note, the note above, the main note the

note below and the main note again. An

Inverted Turn starts with the note

below, reversing the process.Written Played

Example of ‘Turn’

Page 17: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

The Mordent

• The Mordent is an ornament that

sounds the main note, the note above

and the main note again. An Inverted

Mordent does the reverse.

Written Played

Return to Baroque Features Chart

Example of ‘Mordent’

Page 18: MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIODbalweariemusic.weebly.com/.../2/5/3/3/25336439/baroque.pdf · 2019-08-01 · Music for Orchestra It was during the Baroque period that the orchestra first

MUSIC OF THE

BAROQUE PERIOD1600 - 1750