Music History

• Middle Ages _____________• Renaissance • Baroque _____• Baroque _____• Classical _____• Romantic _______________• Impressionist ____________• 20th Century

Middle Ages

• Two types of music:– (Church music)– (Non-Religious music)– (Non-Religious music)

Middle Ages

• Sacred Music– All _______ (Plainchant a.k.a. Gregorian Chant)– NO accompaniment (________ not used until _______)– All _______ (no women)– All _______ (no women)– Used ________ (early version of scales)– Used early _____________– All chants were _______________ until the 9th century

when they added another melody (called _____________, the earliest version of polyphonic music)

Middle Ages

• The Mass (3 types)– ____________: Used for specific occasions– ____________: Everyday church services – ____________: Everyday church services

• Kyrie (________), Gloria (_______), Credo (______), Sanctus (_____) and Agnus Dei (______________)

– _____________: Mass for the ______ (funeral)

Middle Ages

• Secular Music– Primarily instrumental – Used for dancing, storytelling, entertainment– Used for dancing, storytelling, entertainment– Wandering musicians:

• – Northern France• – Southern France• – Germany• - England

Renaissance

• Means “___________”• Based on Classical (_____) sources of knowledge• Well-rounded _____________ • Well-rounded _____________

– Literature, Science, Art, Music, etc…

• In the world – ____________ ___________– Discovery of the ______ __________– ____________ __________

Renaissance

• Sacred Music– ___________

• __________, ________________, ____________• __________, ________________, ____________

– __________ • Based on the ________, _______________

– ________ • “song of __________”

Renaissance

• Secular Music– More people are trained in __________– ____________ music becomes more important– ____________ music becomes more important– _________ music (minuet, waltz, gigue, etc…)– __________ (French) and ____________ (Italian)

– _______________ (________, ____________, based on the ___________ and ____________)

Renaissance Composers

• Josquin ____________ (_____-_____)– Most influential and highly regarded composer

of the _________________of the _________________– Early master of __________ (complex polyphony)

– Wrote and music: 20 masses and many chansons and motets

Renaissance Composers

• _________________ (c._____-_____)– Wrote and music– All his Sacred music was vocal (very simple)– All his Sacred music was vocal (very simple)– Helped reform the music of the ___________

Church after the ____________ Reformation– masses, motets, magnificats,

offertories and hymns

Renaissance Composers

• ____________ (______-______)– Transition composer (Renaissance to the ________)

– First composer to use in his music– First composer to use in his music– Experimented with (putting

musicians in certain places to create different effects, early “surround sound”)

Baroque Period

• Use of _____________ (extra things added)• Beginnings of the and• __________ ________ makes music more • __________ ________ makes music more

available • ____________ System: Composers

employed by nobility or the church

Baroque Period

• Baroque _______________– Small, only ___-___ players– Mostly (violin family)– Mostly (violin family)– Some _________, few ______, no __________– Used for , and music in

the

Baroque Composers

• George Friederic _______ (____-____)– Born in– Studied in– Studied in– Lived in– Wrote many Operas

but is remembered for his (small-scale church Operas)

Baroque Composers

• The ________________ – Handel’s most famous ___________– In – In – __________ _________– Tells the story of the life of __________

• _________ __________• Music for the _________ ______________

Baroque Composers

• Antonio ____________– ______-______– a.k.a. The (_____ hair

and ordained as a _________ in 1703)1703)

– Wrote Concertos– The

• Early attempt at _________ Music (a story is told through the music)

• Each movement represents a season (________, _________, __________ and _________)

Baroque Composers

• Johann Sebastian __________– ______-______––––– “Master of ”– __ wives, ___ kids (__ lived)– __ were composers (____ Bach

and ______ Bach)

Baroque Composers

• Wrote everything except• Famous works:

– ___________ and _________ in D minor– ___________ and _________ in D minor– _______________ Concertos– Well-Tempered ____________– _________ in ____ minor– ____ _____________ Passion

Classical Period

• ________ – _________• The Age of _____________________• Return to (Classical) thought• Return to (Classical) thought• Music was simple, balanced and clear (mostly

______phonic – 1 melody with accompaniment)• American Revolution (_______)• French Revolution (________)

Classical Composers

• Franz Joseph _______– ______-_______– “Father of the

””– “Father of the

”– Teacher of ______________– Friend to ___________– Symphonies

Classical Composers

• Famous Symphonies– #____ – ______________– #____ – ______________– #____ – ______________– #____ – ______________– #____ – ______________

Classical Composers

• Wolfgang Amadeus _________– _______-________– Child ____________– total works– total works– Symphonies– Died of ________________

fever– Conspiracies about his death

(Killed by___________________, poisoned by the ____________)

Classical Composers

• Mozart’s Operas– ____________________________– ____________________________– ____________________________– ____________________________

• He wrote his own – Started writing it for ____________ _______– Mozart did not _________ ____, a friend did

Classical Composers

• Ludwig van ______________– _______-________– First ______-_________________

____________ in history____________ in history– Student of ___________________– Performed for __________ at age ___– First symptoms of __________ at age

_____(1799)– Transition Composer into the

___________________ Era

Classical Composers

• Beethoven’s Symphonies– Only wrote – Symphony No. was named the ____________

Symphony after Napoleon, changed to the __________ Symphony after Napoleon, changed to the __________ (Heroic) Symphony after Napoleon makes himself Emperor

– His ____th and ____th Symphonies are his most famous• ____th : ____ note _________/__________• ____th : used the ______ ____ _____ theme, first time

____________ is used equally in a Symphony Orchestra

Romantic Era

• ________ – __________• Music was _______________ (“Romantic”)• __________________ themes• __________________ themes• ________________ movement (use of native

folk music)

• Music (music that tells a story - ________ _________ )

• Music (exists for its own sake)

Romantic Composers

• Felix ______________– ______-______–– Child ________ (like _________)– Child ________ (like _________)– Revived music– _______________ based on

____________________’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Romantic Composers

• Hector _____________– _______-________–– ____________________ (1830) – ____________________ (1830)

• based on a drug-induced dream about his love-interest

• Used (fixed idea) – theme assigned to a ___________ or _______

Romantic Composers

• Franz ___________– _______-_________– ______________– Piano ________________– Piano ________________– “______” of the Romantic Era– First to use the word ____________

for a performance– Credited with inventing the

___________ _________ ________

Romantic Composers

• Frederic ________________– _______-_______–– Lived in – Lived in – Wrote mainly for _______, including

many sonatas, waltzes, ___________, preludes, ballads, ____________ and ___________________

– Died of ______________ at age ____– Had Mozart’s _____________ played

at his funeral

Romantic Composers

• Peter Ilyich ______________– ______-______–––

• _______________• ________ and __________• The ______________

–• _________ Overture

Romantic Composers

• The _______________– a.k.a. The , The Five, The Mighty

, or The New Russian– A group of Russian nationalist composers– A group of Russian nationalist composers

• 1. __________________________ (leader)• 2. __________________________• 3. __________________________• 4. __________________________• 5. __________________________

Romantic Composers

• Richard __________– ______-______–– Known for his ______– Known for his ______

• _______________• _______________• _______________• _______________• _______________

Romantic Composers

• Der Ring das Nibelungen (The _____________)– Four Operas

• 1. Das Rheingold (____ ____________)• 2. Die Walkure (____ __________)• 3. ____________• 4. Gotterdammerung (__________ ___ ____ _____)

– Use of (musical __________ for every character, emotion, event, action, place, etc…)

Impressionist Period

• ______-______ • Based in• Focused on the ______, • Focused on the ______,

to give an impression• Use of _____________

(tension) and uncommon (whole-tone

scale)

Impressionist Composers

• Claude ______________– ______-______–– Use of exotic harmonies – Use of exotic harmonies

(_________-________ scale)– Lack of to his music– Used many “___________”

(different instruments)– ______________,

_______________, Prelude to the Afternoon of a ______

Impressionist Composers

• Maurice ___________– ______-______–– Pianist– Pianist– _________ et _________

(1909-1912, ballet)– __________ (1928, ballet)

20th Century

• ___________ and ____________• _________________• _________________• _________________• _________

20th Century

• ___ Tone (_________) and ___________– Uses all tones of the chromatic scale– No ___________ center– Atonal: Random order of ___________– Atonal: Random order of ___________– 12 Tone (_______): Notes arranged in a certain order

( ) and can be used in other orders (inversion, retrograde, retrograde inversion) of the original row

– Serial Composers: _____________ (teacher), ___________ and _____________ (students)

20th Century

• ___________________– Sometimes electronic– Use of repetition and (same note)– Use of repetition and (same note)– _________________ (b.1937)

20th Century

• ________________– “ ” music– _________________ (_____-_____, American)– _________________ (_____-_____, American)– __’____” (1952)

20th Century

• Igor __________________– ____-____–––

• The _______________ (1910)• ________________ (1911)• The ________ of ______________ (1913)

– Also wrote in Neo-_________ style and __ tone

Musical Styles by Stravinsky

20th Century

• Aaron ___________– _____-_____– “ ” Music– _________ rhythm and – _________ rhythm and

melody– ___________________________________

– __________________– ____________– _________________

Jazz• Originated in • Combination of _________ and _________ Music• Square

– where slaves were allowed to gather on Sundays– where slaves were allowed to gather on Sundays– where Jazz began

• Uses the techniques of:– and ______________ (slave field-hollers)– ___________ (emphasis on normally unaccented beats)– _________________ (making up the music on the spot)– Scale/____ Notes (7 note scale, sad sounding)

Jazz Styles• __________

– Syncopated music– __________ (1863-1917), wrote – __________ (1863-1917), wrote The __________, Maple Leaf Rag

– “___________” Morton (1885-1941), self-proclaimed “Originator of ________”

Jazz StylesSwing Composers

• Louis ______________ (1901-1971) • Trumpet/Singer• AKA “Satchmo”• _____________________• ___________________________

Jazz StylesSwing Composers

• Duke ______________ (1899-1974)

• Piano/Bandleader• _____________________• _____________________• _____________________• _____________________ (If it Ain’t Got That Swing)

Jazz StylesSwing Composers

• George _________________ (1898-1937)– Pop/Jazz/Classical– ________________________– ________________________– ________________________– ________________________– ________________________(musical)

• _________________